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Interactive Scribble Segmentation
No full textWe present a deep learning model for image segmentation that uses weakly supervised inputs consisting of scribbles. A user can draw scribbles on an image with a brush tool corresponding to the labels they want segmented. The network can segment images in real time while scribbles are being drawn, giving instant feedback to the user. It is easy to correct mistakes made by the network, as more scribbles can be added. During training we use a similar psuedo-interactive and iterative setup to make sure that the network is optimized towards the human-in-the-loop inference setting. On the contrary, standard scribble segmentation methods do not consider the training of the algorithm as an interactive setting and thus are not suited for interactive inference. Our model is class-agnostic and we are able to generalize across many different data modalities. We compare our model with other weakly supervised methods such as bounding box and extrema point methods, and we show our model achieves a better mean DICE score
Nearest Unitary and Toeplitz matrix techniques for adaptation of Deep Learning models in photonic FPGA
No full textPhotonic circuits pave the way to extremely quick computation and real-time inference in critical applications, such as imaging flow cytometry (IFC). Nevertheless, current photonic FPGA implementations display intrinsic limitations that restrict the complexity of Deep Learning (DL) models that could be sustained. One of these restrictions implies the weight matrices to be unitary. Thus, machine learning mechanisms to transform weight matrices to their nearest unitary one, are essential for the effective deployment of such demanding tasks. Furthermore, DL models that perform convolutions, require special handling so as to fit in the photonic system. In this work, several methods have been investigated for conversion of non-unitary matrices to unitary ones, as well as, linear algebra techniques for the transformation of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to Feed-Forward models, under the prism of discovery of the best candidate for the photonic FPGA in terms of accuracy and restrictions. Experimental results proved that post-training or iterative techniques to find the nearest unitary weight matrix can be applied for photonic chips with the minimum loss in accuracy, while CNNs adapted well in a photonic configuration employing a Toeplitz matrix implementation. The proposed approach envisions efficient tackling of DL models limitations for deployment in photonic FPGAs
Knowledge Infrastructures Require Scaffolding: The role of personal relationships in information management
No full textWatch VIDEO.
Knowledge infrastructures are multi-faceted, ever-shifting networks of people and information. They span departments, address varying needs and, ideally, provide stability despite personnel turnover and other changes. Information is made explicit and available via organizational charts, procedural manuals and regular meetings, ensuring members of an institution are kept up-to-date with necessary information. Moving below and between these formal channels, however, is the informal network, a web of unquantifiable, personal relationships, which are nevertheless vital to the functioning of the system.
Developing and maintaining a system that works for the current and future needs of diverse groups—e.g., a publication repository used by administrative and research staff—involves tapping into the existing knowledge infrastructure at multiple points, in both the formal departments and the spaces between them. In addition to the stakeholder meetings and the lists of user requirements, we have the informal conversations where we can learn the tacit information, for example, how research groups are defined by different parties and whether software versions are considered separate publications. It takes time to learn the right questions and to learn who might hold the answers or, if there is no pre-existing solution, with whom you can work to establish one.
In this session, we will use the example of a publication repository to discuss the role of personal relationships throughout a project lifecycle, from conception through rollout and ongoing updates. I invite you to consider how to support the development of the informal network, how to identify tacit knowledge and information gaps, and how to take personality and communication skills into account when hiring for technical positions
Diamond Open Access: Researcher’s Best Friend or just a Distant Relative?
No full textThe costs of Open Access publishing increase year by year (e.g. Zhang et al. 2022). Diamond Open Access (OA), in which journals and platforms do not charge fees to either authors or readers, has been hoped to provide solutions for the current situation. Also, the Council of the EU highlights the importance of Diamond OA in the recent Council Conclusions (8827/23). Various incentives, such as Action Plan for Diamond Open Access, DIAMAS and Craft-OA are established to support the development of Diamond OA. However, do researchers really use Diamond OA publication venues? Is Diamond OA a researcher’s best friend or just a rarely met distant relative?
Both international (Bosman et al. 2021) and national level (Frantsvåg 2022) studies have been conducted in relation with Diamond OA. This poster views the phenomenon on a local level by illustrating Diamond OA publishing at the Finnish Aalto University in 2018–2022. Aalto University consists of six schools: School of Arts, Design and Architecture, School of Business, School of Chemical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering and School of Science.
Aalto Current Research Information System, ACRIS contains the comprehensive publication data of university’s researchers. Information on Diamond OA journals was added to ACRIS journal records in the spring 2023. We identified Diamond OA journals in ACRIS by using Directory of Open Access Journals and journals’ web pages. This information in relation with publication data will form the basis for our analysis. We recognize that information on Diamond OA is incomplete and our results only indicative, since only a third of diamond OA journals are indexed in DOAJ (Bosman et al. 2021).
The poster seeks to illustrate the usage of Diamond OA channels from various aspects. How has Diamond OA publishing evolved over the years? Which Diamond OA journals and publishers are the most popular? What are the differences between schools? What is the share of Diamond OA compared with other Open Access types and how has the usage of different Open Access paths evolved
The many faces of sustaining Open Access publishing
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The concept of sustainability has often been used in both research on OA publishing systems, and as a desirable design principle in thinking of and building any future OA publishing business model. At the same time, the term has gained considerable attention across other domains, mainly in relation to environmental sustainability or sustainable development (especially with the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs), which makes it even more important to draw a clear demarcation line between such uses. Despite its social importance, the financial and resource-related sustainability of OA publishing hasn’t been clearly defined and largely differs across countries.
The presentation is aimed at formulating questions that could lead us to gaining transparency and reaching a consensus on the way the term ‘sustainability’ will be used henceforth, especially in the theoretical and practical research of funding OA publishing (diamond OA in particular). It outlines some of the results of discussing this issue within the DIAMAS project with European OA publishers, learned societies, advocacy organisations and researchers.
One of the first obstacles in reaching a better understanding is crossing the linguistic barrier and acknowledging that the term has not always gained equal traction across countries and when used, it has multiple connotations in all languages. The span of meanings could range from simply being durable and existing in the long term, or to enduring without having negative implications for other aspects of the ecosystem, such as depleting resources others might need or affecting their survival.
It is also important to acknowledge the fact that stakeholders involved in OA publishing vary and therefore perceive sustainability (and the ways to achieve it) in different ways: we often witness strategies such as more successful fundraising, efficient use of resources or shared resources, or cost reduction measures. While sustainability goals may range from cost recovery only, to enabling reinvestment or guarding against ‘hard times’, or sustaining revenues ‘at the same level’ - even if that includes high profit margins or companies with shareholders.
The building blocks of the scope and meaning of ‘sustainability’ have evolved from answering questions on the object or unit of sustainability (What is sustainable? Is it a journal, a publisher, a business model or a wider publishing ecosystem?) as well as on the sustainability actors or players (Who is a sustainer? Who holds responsibility for sustainability? Which stakeholder/group of stakeholders?).
A conclusion that emerged suggests that a univocal and obvious definition of ‘sustainability’ is unlikely to be achieved as it is dependent on multiple perspectives of actors in the ecosystem and is necessarily involving dynamics and transformative practices.
In short, this presentation hopes to give the audience a deeper understanding of what sustaining OA publishing means in different contexts. It will encourage listeners to question their perceptions of sustainability before possibly coming to new conclusions to address the topic more thoroughly in their local contexts, and to consider how we collectively take steps towards more unified terms and definitions
