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Lenguas naturales y sistemas cognitivos humanos: La gradualidad procesada de forma discreta
No full textRespuesta al trabajo de Ivanova publicado en esta misma sección.Respuesta al trabajo de Ivanova publicado en esta misma sección
Stereotypes in linguistic innovation: The case of \u27en plan\u27 in European Spanish
No full textThe discourse marker “en plan,” akin to English “like,” has gained attention due to its rapid spread across Spain. Using explicit and implicit attitude surveys, we examine perceptions of quotative marker “en plan” by Spaniards. Our findings show that “en plan” is mainly associated with younger age groups and casual speech, leading to mixed social attitudes. While some view it as a marker of youth speech and sociability, others see it as indicative of a lack of social refinement or education. The study highlights generational divides, with older speakers often stigmatizing its use, while younger speakers show neutral and positive attitudes. These attitudes reflect broader societal views on language, age, and identity. By focusing on the social perceptions and stereotypes associated with “en plan,” this research underscores the complex relationship between language and social identity, offering insights into how linguistic forms represent particular social groups and influence interactions within the speech community.El marcador de discurso “en plan”, similar al inglés “like”, ha llamado la atención debido a su rápida difusión por España. A través de encuestas de actitudes explícitas e implícitas, examinamos las percepciones de los españoles sobre el uso de procedimiento de cita de “en plan”. Los hallazgos muestran que “en plan” se asocia principalmente con grupos de edad joven y habla informal, lo que lleva a actitudes sociales mixtas. Mientras que algunos lo ven como una marca de habla juvenil y de sociabilidad, otros lo ven como indicativo de una falta de refinamiento social o educación. El estudio destaca las divisiones generacionales, puesto que los hablantes de mayor edad suelen estigmatizar su uso, mientras que los hablantes más jóvenes muestran actitudes neutrales o positivas. Estas actitudes reflejan puntos de vista sociales más amplios sobre el lenguaje, la edad y la identidad. Al centrarse en las percepciones sociales y los estereotipos asociados con “en plan”, esta investigación subraya la compleja relación entre el lenguaje y la identidad social, ofreciendo información sobre cómo las formas lingüísticas representan a particulares grupos sociales e influyen en las interacciones dentro de su comunidad de habla
The Final-over-Final Condition: Not a syntactic universal
Get PDFThe Final-over-Final Condition (FOFC) (Sheehan, Biberauer, Roberts, and Holmberg 2017) purports to be a universal word order constraint. In this article, we challenge this claim and demonstrate that the FOFC is of a statistical nature: It is a relativized¸ non-absolute version of cross-categorial harmony, where only a head-final projection dominating a head-initial projection is ruled out among the disharmonic configurations displaying different head directionalities. The cross-categorial generalizations in the World Atlas of Languages, referred to by Sheehan et al. (2017) in order to illustrate the crosslinguistic validity of the FOFC, are shown to be useless for determining head-directionality, given that they systematically gloss over functional categories. The Mandarin Chinese head-final split CP dominating a uniformly head-initial extended verbal projection and TP serves as a case study here, because it has challenged the FOFC since its very beginning. The numerous efforts to make the Chinese CP “FOFC-compliant”, the latest being Biberauer (2017), are shown to be unsuccessful and to ignore well-established principles of Chinese syntax. The data from Chinese thus add to the evidence from other languages likewise undermining the FOFC
Postskript
Get PDFThis postscript focuses on the connection betweeen literature, society, and psychology regarding suicide .Postskriptet fokuserer på sammenhengen mellom litteratur, samfunn og psykologi angående selvmord
Russian converb constructions corresponding to Swedish purposive för att ‘in order to’ + infinitive constructions
Get PDFThe present investigation explores the contexts that trigger purposive interpretations of Russian converbs. The contrastive method is used to elicit purposive converb usages from Swedish corresponding constructions, namely, [för att ‘in order to’ + infinitive] constructions. Two main structural types are observed. One analytic construction, in which imperfective converbs specify mental acts of wishing, trying, or intending [converb + infinitive], e.g., želaja najti ‘wishing to find’. The second construction is synthetic, comprising of imperfective converbs without infinitives [converb]: otyskivaja ‘trying to find’. Both constructions involve mental acts of intending, wishing, or trying, which are explicit in the analytic constructions and implicit in the synthetic constructions. In the synthetic constructions, a concrete eventuality denoted by a finite matrix verb serves as a means of fulfilling an intended outcome, denoted by an abstract manner-neutral converb form. In this sense, the purposive meaning that is expressed hinges on a means:purpose (means:end) complementarity as an effect of manner:result complementarity. Differing degrees of the Subject’s involvement in the progression of the attainment of the intended outcomes can be observed, ranging from preparatory steps to achieved results. An important observation is that purposive converb constructions (either synthetic or analytic) may occur with markers of assumed evidentiality, such as slovno ‘like’, kak by ‘as if’, and vidimo ‘apparently’
Anna Perälä, Boktryckarnas ädla konst. Persondikter 1605–1764 (Helsingfors/Stockholm: Svenska Litteratursällskapet i Finland, 2023). 256 s.
No full textChanges in cetacean occurrence in Faxaflói Bay, Iceland, as observed from whale watching vessels
No full textThe distribution of animal species is shaped by environmental conditions and their ecological niches. The understanding of these niches is essential for conservation, especially for cetaceans, as cetacean species may adjust their geographical range in response to ecological changes. Long-term data is vital to monitor these shifts and guide conservation efforts. While environmental changes are occurring globally, localised effects on specific species and habitats, particularly marine ecosystems, remain understudied. This gap in knowledge is evident in Artic regions. As key trophic species, cetaceans can act as indicators of potential significance and contribute significantly to the economy of local communities via the practice of whale watching. Iceland, a biodiversity hotspot, has experienced significant warming as part of global climate change, possibly affecting the abundance of prey species. Cetaceans such as humpback whales, minke whales, white-beaked dolphins, and harbour porpoises inhabit these waters year-round and may be affected by such changes. This paper focuses on the bay of Faxaflói in southwest Iceland, utilising semi long-term data (2016-2023) from whale watching tours to discern potential changes in the occurrence of these four species.
Sightings Per Unit Effort (SPUE) for the four targeted species was calculated for each month and year. ANOVA test (p<.005) and Tukey HSD test were conducted for humpback whales revealing significant differences in Spue in the years 2022-2017 (p=0.006), 2023-2017 (p=0.003), 2023-2018 (p=0.04), 2022-2019 (p=0.02), and 2023-2019 (p=0.009). Seasonal analysis suggests shifts in SPUE, with increased observations during non-touristic periods after 2021. Results indicate intriguing trends in species occurrence, with a significant increase in humpback whale sightings and a steady decline in mine whale sightings since 2018. The inverse relationship between minke and humpback whales suggests possible competition or distributional shifts.
Acknowledging limitations and biases from tourism-centric data collection his study highlights the importance of whale watching records as a year-round monitoring tool. Collaborative efforts between operators and researchers are crucial to enhance data quality. Understanding and addressing the observational changes in cetaceans in Faxaflói is imperative for effective conservation measures in this ecologically significant region
