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World War Two Simulated: Digital Games and Reconfigurations of the Past by Curtis D. Carbonell (University of Exeter Press, 2023): Book review
No full textA review of Curtis D. Carbonell\u27s monograph World War Two Simulated: Digital Games and Reconfigurations of the Past. Published by University of Exeter Press, 2023. ISBN: 978-1-804-13060-5, 264 pages
"I want to play a normal game. I don\u27t need all this.": Exploring equity and diversity in Portuguese esports
No full textEsports in Portugal have been growing steadily in recent years. As in many other countries, women are significantly underrepresented in Portuguese esports. New studies with Portuguese students show conservative views towards gender roles and disinterest in prioritising diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI), which contrasts with the global tendency to incorporate it in the industry. Lately, initiatives promoting DEI have populated the esports landscape. However, the communities’ response, which may impact effectiveness, remains under-examined. This work is part of a larger ethnographic project that aims to understand how the esports communities in Portugal perceive and react to DEI initiatives such as women-only tournaments or harassment awareness campaigns. This paper will discuss findings from the thematic analysis of 10 interviews with Portuguese members of an esports community. The recurring themes were (1) DEI initiatives are imposed; (2) Portugal is too small to care (about DEI); (3) nepotism; (4) self-preservation; and (5) ubiquity of online toxicity
Transgender emergence in video games: Intersections, discourses, directions
No full textOver the past two decades, trans theory has conceptualised gender identity and bodily autonomy, advocating for self-exploration and political affirmation (Nagoshi & Brzuzy, 2010; Stryker, 2017; Stryker & Whittle, 2006). This focus has resonated with game studies, which have examined video games as a medium for trans representation (Ruberg, 2020; Ruberg, 2022; Thach, 2021). This commentary explores the emergence of transgender identities in video games, outlining the state of the art of transgender representations and the experiences of trans players and designers. It highlights the significance of procedural elements such as character customisation, embodiment, and player-avatar relationship for transgender players. In doing so, it also suggests potential tensions and contradictions inherent in transgender emergence, arguing that while video games can provide positive and beneficial spaces for exploring gender identity, they may simultaneously perpetuate transphobia and exploit transgender experiences
Stornaust fra middelalder: Forskningsutgravning i 2022 på Nergården, Bjarkøy, Harstad k.
No full textRapporten presenterer resultater fra siste feltsesong av forskningsutgravning av nausttufter på Nergården, Bjarkøy utført av Norges arktiske universitetsmuseum (UM) og Troms og Finnmarkfylkeskommune i fire feltperioder (2019-2022).
De samlede utgravningsresultatene danner et grunnlag for tolkning av konstruksjon, kronologi og relasjoner mellom tre stornaustbygninger; et opprinnelig jernaldernaust fra vikingtid (tuft 1) som ble utvidet på 1000-tallet (utvidet tuft 1) og et høymiddelaldernaust bygd mot slutten av 1100-tallet, og som var i bruk frem til slutten av1300-tallet (tuft 2).
Feltundersøkelsen i 2022 hadde flere målsettinger knyttet til vurdering av resultater fra en georadarundersøkelse av naustlokaliteten utført av NIKU i 2021. Hovedfokus var kartlegging av veggkonstruksjonsdetaljer både i de vestre og østre veggene i tuft 2, samt relasjoner mellom utvidet tuft 1 og tuft 2-naustene.
En sjakt på tvers av veggvollene i tuft 2 fra2020 ble utvidet 5 m i vestlig retning for å avdekke den vestlige ytterveggen av tuft 2-stornaustet (sjakt 8). I tillegg ble en 7 x 0,5 m sjakt gravd i V-Ø retning sør for rute 3 fra 2021 (sjakt 9). Sjakta blir plassert mellom innerveggen i østlig del av tuft 2, samt vestlig yttervegg og takbærendestolperekke i utvidet tuft 1-stornaust. Hensikten var å avklare overgangen mellom utvidet naust 1og naust 2 strukturene og avdekke ytterveggen til tuft 2 med veggrøft og stolperekke som ble dokumentert i sjakt 5 fra 2020.
Resultatene fra utgravning i 2022 bekrefter tidligere utgravningsresultater og en del av georadartolkningene når det gjelder dokumentasjon av inner- og ytterveggene i utvidet tuft 1 og tuft 2. Både innerveggen i utvidet tuft 1 og den østlige ytterveggen i tuft 2 var usynlig i georadarresultatene, men utgravningen i 2022 bekreftet beliggenhet og utforming av veggene avdekket ved tidligere utgravning.
En rekke karbondateringer fra de vestre og østre veggvollene i tuft 2 forsterket kronologien for bruk av middelaldernaustet, men det ble dessverre ikke funnet nok trekull til datering av veggene i utvidet tuft 1-naustet hvor gjenstandsfunn også manglet. Det kan forklares med beliggenhet nær bakgavlen i et stornaust hvor aktivitet er antatt til å være begrenset. Det ble funnet en moderat mengde båtsaum og en del steingjenstander (bryner, ildflint og skiferheller) i sjakt 8.
En grafisk designer ble engasjert å lage 3D illustrasjoner av hvordan alle tre naustene kunne ha sett ut basert på resultater av arkeologisk utgravning, georadarundersøkelsen og innspill fra eksperter innenfor tradisjonshåndverk. Dette blir et nyttigverktøy som kan brukes til formidling og faglig hypoteser om konstruksjon av stornaust fra førreformatorisk tid i landsdelen
Nyutdannede sykepleieres opplevelse av organisatorisk og psykososialt arbeidsmiljø i sykehus, i et arbeidshelseteoretisk perspektiv
No full textA considerable amount of newly qualified nurses working at Norwegian hospitals are seeking alternative employment. The working environments affect nurses\u27 occupational health and their desire to remain at their jobs. There is little up-to-date knowledge concerning the working environment in Norwegian hospitals. The purpose of this study was to gain knowledge about newly qualified nurses\u27 experiences of the organizational and psychosocial working environments in somatic wards, using an occupational health theoretical perspective. The study had a qualitative design, with data collection from semi-structured individual interviews with nine newly qualified nurses. The data material was analyzed based on Malterud\u27s systematic text condensation. The nurses experienced that the working environment was characterized by high workloads, role challenges, and a discrepancy between effort and reward. Furthermore, they described being a newly qualified nurse as professionally challenging. They experienced a high degree of social support from colleagues, but their experiences with management were varied. The findings suggest a discrepancy between job demands and job resources, which, according to theories about occupational health, can lead to physical and psychological stress. Strengthening nurses\u27 resources to meet job demands will be important in order to lessen the consequences of job demands, promote occupational health and hopefully contribute to keeping more nurses in work.Spesialisthelsetjenesten opplever en flukt av nyutdannede sykepleiere. Arbeidsmiljøet påvirker sykepleieres arbeidshelse og ønske om å bli værende i jobben. Det er lite oppdatert kunnskap om arbeidsmiljø ved norske sykehus. Hensikten med denne studien var å få kunnskap om nyutdannede sykepleieres opplevelse av organisatorisk og psykososialt arbeidsmiljø på somatiske sengeposter, i et arbeidshelseteoretisk perspektiv. Studien hadde et kvalitativt design, med datainnsamling fra semistrukturerte individuelle intervjuer med ni nyutdannede sykepleiere. Datamaterialet ble analysert ut fra Malteruds systematiske tekstkondensering. Sykepleierne opplevde at arbeidsmiljøet var preget av høyt arbeidspress, rolleutfordringer, samt misforhold mellom innsats og belønning. Videre beskrev de overgangen som nyutdannet sykepleier som faglig utfordrende. De opplevde stor grad av sosial støtte fra kollegaer, men hadde delte erfaringer med forholdet til ledelsen. Funnene antyder et misforhold mellom jobbkrav og jobbressurser, som kan medføre fysiske og psykiske påkjenninger. Å styrke sykepleieres ressurser i møte med jobbkravene vil være viktig for å dempe jobbkravenes konsekvenser, fremme arbeidshelse og forhåpentligvis bidra til å beholde flere sykepleiere i jobb
Forutsetninger og utfordringer for reindrifta i Norge, Sverige og Finland: Conditions and challenges for reindeer husbandry in Norway, Sweden and Finland
No full textThis report is based on the book "Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change - pastoralism in Fennoscandia". The book, which was published in 2022, brings together previous and new research compiled within a Nordic collaboration project, ReiGN (Reindeer husbandry in a Globalizing North), funded by NordForsk during the years 2016 – 2021. Grants from NordForsk also funded this report.
The report, published in Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish and North Sámi, summarizes some of the main results from the book. In nine chapters it describes how reindeer herding is affected by climate change, the continuous loss of reindeer grazing land and other external factors that together represent large challenges for reindeer, reindeer herders and the reindeer herding community as a whole. The report contains perspectives from many different research areas. Each chapter in the report has one or more references and links to chapters in the above mentioned book, which is freely available online (https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003118565).
The chapters in the report cover a range of different topics, like present and historical reindeer herding (Chapter 1), the genetic background of the semi-domesticated reindeer (Chapter 2), how reindeer ranges are used and how they are affected by climate change and expanding industrial development (Chapter 3), possibilities for adaptation to a warmer climate (Chapter 4), impact of large predators (Chapter 5), external and internal governance (Chapter 6), reindeer herding as subsistence (Chapter 7), the role of supplementary feeding (Chapter 8), and reindeer health and diseases in a climate perspective (Chapter 9). The report ends with some reflections over the present situation and future perspectives for reindeer herding.
The report is aimed at herders and managers, as well as other land users, authorities and policymakers who deal with natural resource management, climate and environmental issues or other matters related to reindeer herding and the use of land and water within the reindeer herding area.
Rangifer Report No 17 is the Norwegian version of the report. A Swedish version has already been published as Rangifer Report No 16. Reports in Finnish and North Sámi are published as following numbers of Rangifer Report
Challenges and conditions for reindeer husbandry in Norway, Sweden and Finland
No full textThis report is based on the book "Reindeer Husbandry and Global Environmental Change - pastoralism in Fennoscandia". The book, which was published in 2022, brings together previous and new research compiled within a Nordic collaboration project, ReiGN (Reindeer husbandry in a Globalizing North), funded by NordForsk during the years 2016 – 2021. Grants from NordForsk also funded this report.
The report, published in Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, North Sámi, and English summarizes some of the main results from the book. In nine chapters it describes how reindeer herding is affected by climate change, the continuous loss of reindeer grazing land and other external factors that together represent large challenges for reindeer, reindeer herders and the reindeer herding community as a whole. The report contains perspectives from many different research areas. Each chapter in the report has one or more references and links to chapters in the above mentioned book, which is freely available online (https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003118565).
The chapters in the report cover a range of different topics, like present and historical reindeer herding (Chapter 1), the genetic background of the semi-domesticated reindeer (Chapter 2), how reindeer ranges are used and how they are affected by climate change and expanding industrial development (Chapter 3), possibilities for adaptation to a warmer climate (Chapter 4), impact of large predators (Chapter 5), external and internal governance (Chapter 6), reindeer herding as subsistence (Chapter 7), the role of supplementary feeding (Chapter 8), and reindeer health and diseases in a climate perspective (Chapter 9). The report ends with some reflections over the present situation and future perspectives for reindeer herding.
The report is aimed at herders and managers, as well as other land users, authorities and policymakers who deal with natural resource management, climate and environmental issues or other matters related to reindeer herding and the use of land and water within the reindeer herding area.
Rangifer Report No 24 is the English version of the report. Reports in Swedish, Norwegian, North Sámi and Finnish have already been published as Rangifer Report No 16, No 17, No 21, and No 22 respectively. 
«Jeg finner trøst i andre med store sorger»: Selvmord i et pårørendeperspektiv i Mødre og døtre av Tiril Broch Aakre
Get PDFThis article analyses Tiril Broch Aakre’s autobiographical documentary Mødre og døtre (Mothers and Daughters, 2019) as a next of kin narrative and a fictional double portrait. The book depicts a suicidal mother and shows how grief affects the daughter’s perception of herself and her role as daughter and mother. The text creates a polyphony through quotes from the mother’s letters, books she has read, and the inclusion of the mother’s notes from hospitalisation. These texts provide some solution to the narrative and ethical dilemma of how it is possible to talk about the mother and her suicide without compromising her dignity. At the same time, the book promotes a different view of suicidality and suicide than the prevailing view in society today.Artikkelen analyserer Tiril Broch Aakres selvbiografiske roman Mødre og døtre (2019) som pårørendefortelling og et skjønnlitterært dobbeltportrett. Romanen skildrer en suicidal mor og viser hvordan sorgen påvirker datterens oppfatning av seg selv og sin rolle som datter og mor. Gjennom sitater fra morens brev, bøker hun har lest, samt gjengivelse av morens notater fra et sykehusopphold, skapes det en flerstemmighet i romanen som gir et svar på det narrative og omsorgsetiske dilemmaet om hvordan det er mulig å fortelle om moren og selvmordet uten å svekke hennes verdighet. Samtidig fremmer verket et annerledes syn på suicidalitet og selvmord enn den rådende oppfatningen i dagens samfunn
On not starting with a blank page: Russian classics as a palimpsest for writers 1980-2020
Get PDFBetween 1980 and 2020 Russia’s writers experienced profound changes in their personal and professional lives, as history presented yet another tabula rasa, but when sitting down to write (and despite the advice of Alexander Genis), writers did not see a blank page, but one covered with existing titles, characters, plots, settings, fixed expressions (krylatye vyrazheniia) and the reflections and shadows, literal and figurative, of earlier works. Unlike what Vladimir Kantor describes as Soviet-era erzatsliteratura (15) the classics offered high drama and low farce, the deepest as well as the most charmingly superficial protagonists, unforgettable flights of language, and urgent topics of the day presented against a backdrop of eternal spiritual and moral questions. For those writers wishing to circumvent the klassiki, while still linking themselves to Russia’s past, there were pre-modern religious and folk narratives, lengthening the canon’s timeline while appearing to free it from western influences or imperial ambitions.
After tracing how the reputation of Russia’s klassiki and their desirability as a model changed over time, this paper will offer a descriptive survey of how specific characteristics of predecessors’ works reappeared during this four-decade stretch, with a special focus on the profound reaction to Nabokov. Our aim is to go beyond the concept of tvorcheskaia preemstvennost’ (creative continuity), which allows for broad observations, for example, about the “Gogolian” or “Chekhovian” atmosphere of a given work. Seeing how much material was creatively redeployed, we will consider what contemporary readers need to know about ur-texts (or pre-texts) – beyond what can be found on a quick internet search – in order to appreciate works bearing the influence of past writers. Finally, we ask whether the term “Great Russian Literature” still refers to an inherited literary culture appreciated far beyond Russia’s borders, or whether now, in the 2020s, it is more closely associated with the aggressive nationalism emanating from Moscow
Los modos y las modalidades del español como mezclas cromáticas
No full textThis paper divides modal matrices into five classes as chromatic compounds of two basic colors, red and blue, which, in principle, are in direct correspondence with the basic speech acts in independent sentences: information (declarative and interrogative sentences) and interaction (imperative sentences). Between those two poles we distinguish three chromatic blends, opposed to those with just one single color. In this intermediate space, doubt is represented as more blue than red, and desire as more red than blue, while the same amount of red and blue, violet, characterizes the world of values, and assessment. This classification allows us to identify not only those five basic modal matrices but also new classes encompassing two or more basic ones, according to their respective chromatic proportions: one with blue as dominant, another one with red, and yet two more categories in which neither red, nor blue are dominant. All those categories so defined, either basic or compound, have grammatical and syntactic consequences. Summing up, the chromatic classification, without direct correspondence with interpretable semantic features, is incomparably more flexible than any other previous model when it comes to not only describing the syntactic properties of each class but also showing the mutual relationship between them. Este trabajo divide las matrices modales en cinco clases como compuestos cromáticos de dos colores básicos, rojo y azul, que, en principio, se identifican con actos comunicativos básicos en oraciones independientes: información (oraciones declarativas e interrogativas) e interacción (oraciones imperativas). Situadas entre los dos polos distinguimos tres mezclas cromáticas diferentes, distintas de las dos matrices con un solo color. En este espacio intermedio, el azul predomina sobre el rojo en la duda, y el rojo sobre el azul en el deseo, mientras que la mezcla equilibrada de azul y rojo, el violeta, representa el mundo de las valoraciones y las preferencias. Esta clasificación nos permite identificar no solo cinco tipos de matriz sino también nuevas clases de matrices que engloban dos o más de las cinco clases básicas, según sus proporciones cromáticas respectivas: una clase en la que predomina el azul, otra en la que predomina el rojo, otra en la que no predomina el azul y una más en la que no predomina el rojo. Todas las clases, simples o ampliadas, tienen claras consecuencias en la sintaxis y en la gramática. En resumen, la clasificación cromática, libre de una traducción directa a rasgos semánticos interpretables, se muestra incomparablemente más flexible que cualquier otro enfoque anterior, no solo para describir las propiedades sintácticas de las diferentes matrices sino también para mostrar las relaciones mutuas entre estas