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Tratamento térmico da apatita de Ipirá, Bahia
No full textThermal treatment of minerals is a well-established and widely accepted practice in the gemological sector, primarily employed to enhance color, transparency, and overall aesthetic appeal, thereby increasing the commercial value of gemstones. Apatite is a mineral group composed mainly of calcium phosphate, which crystallizes in the hexagonal system. It’s a relatively uncommon gemstone that occurs in a variety of colors and, in certain instances, exhibits significant qualitative improvement following heat treatment. In this study, gem-quality apatite samples sourced from the Ipirá region in Bahia, Brazil, were subjected to controlled heating protocols with the objective of improving their chromatic properties. Samples characterized by a dark blue hue with limited commercial appeal were exposed to temperatures ranging from 600 to 800°C, resulting in pronounced chromatic transformations. At 600°C, a green coloration with bluish undertones developed, resembling green cuprian tourmaline (“Paraíba”), verdelite tourmaline or, eventually, emerald. At around 630°C, the samples exhibited a vivid neon blue coloration similar to that of Paraíba tourmaline. Temperatures exceeding 700°C led to progressive desaturation, with samples becoming colorless or white by 800°C. Importantly, fundamental physical properties of the apatite – such as density, birefringence, and refractive indices (Rw and Re) – remained unchanged by the heat treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analyses identified the mineral as belonging to the fluorapatite-hydroxyapatite (FAP-HAP) series, containing trace impurities including Th, Ce, Fe, Sr, Mn, Y, Pb, and Cu. UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy revealed four primary absorption bands at 416, 465, 610, and 647 nm, associated with the observed coloration; however, the specific chromophoric elements or mechanisms responsible could not be definitively identified. The results indicate that heat treatment presents a viable strategy for enhancing the commercial value of apatite through the development of a neon blue coloration, which is currently highly desirable within the jewelry industry.O tratamento térmico de minerais é uma prática comum, amplamente difundida e aceita no setor gemológico que visa melhorar a cor, a transparência e, consequentemente, a beleza, agregando valor às gemas. O termo apatita designa um grupo mineral, constituído basicamente por fosfato de cálcio, que se cristaliza no sistema hexagonal. É uma gema pouco usual que pode ser encontrada em diversas cores e que em alguns casos apresenta melhoria considerável na sua qualidade após o tratamento térmico. Neste trabalho, foram aquecidas a temperaturas controladas apatitas gemológicas da região de Ipirá, Bahia, buscando a melhoria da cor. Amostras de cor azul escuro foram submetidas a temperaturas entre 600 e 800°C, o que provocou profundas alterações na cor. A 600°C, foi desenvolvida cor verde a verde-azulada que se aproxima da turmalina cuprífera (“Paraíba”), da turmalina verdelita e, eventualmente, da esmeralda, e em torno de 630°C, cor azul “neon” semelhante à turmalina Paraíba. Acima de 700°C, as amostras perderam a sua saturação até se tornarem incolores ou brancas a 800°C. O aquecimento não alterou as propriedades fundamentais da apatita, como a densidade, a birrefringência e os índices de refração (Ro e Re). Análises de DRX e EDS indicam que o mineral pertence à série fluorapatita-hidroxilapatita (FAP-HAP) com impurezas de Th, Ce, Fe, Sr, Mn, Y, Pb e Cu. Espectroscopia de UV-Vis-Nir apontam quatro bandas de absorção em torno de 416, 465, 610 e 647 nm como responsáveis pela cor, não sendo possível, entretanto, indicar uma causa ou elemento específico a elas. Os resultados mostram que o tratamento térmico da apatita pode ser uma opção viável para agregação de valor ao desenvolver cores que variam do azul neon ao verde vívido observadas na turmalina paraíba, e, portanto, muito buscadas pelo setor joalheiro
Jejuno-jejunal intussusception in an adult Creole horse
No full textBackground: Colic syndrome is a leading cause of death in horses. Anatomical peculiarities predispose horses to morphophysiological changes. Intussusception, an important cause of colic in foals, is uncommon in adult horses. It is characterized by the invagination of an intestinal segment into an adjacent aboral segment. Small intestinal intussusception is believed to develop because of abnormal intestinal peristalsis, causing acute and progressive abdominal discomfort. Herein, we aimed to report a rare case of intussusception of the jejuno-jejunal portion of the small intestine in a 10-year-old Criollo horse.
Case: A 10-year-old Crioulo horse, weighing 400 kg, was referred to the veterinary hospital with acute colic syndrome. On the property, the horse demonstrated signs of being in intense pain. A sudden feed change without a gradual transition was reported. The horse was treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve the pain, and a nasogastric tube was inserted. However, he continued to demonstrate signs of being in severe pain, and his condition was not stable. Therefore, he was referred to the hospital for further management. Upon arrival, a blood test was performed, which revealed a hematocrit below the reference value and a leukogram with numerous platelet clusters. On physical examination, the horse’s heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were within normal limits, and the mucous membranes were pale. Transabdominal ultrasound revealed thick walls in the small intestinal segment and overlapping loops. To confirm the diagnosis, an exploratory laparotomy was performed with the horse in a dorsal decubitus position and under inhalation anesthesia. On inspection, the loops of the small intestine were congested and distended, and the intussusception was identified in the middle-to-distal 3rd of the jejunum. The origin of the invagination was located, and the intussusceptum was separated from the intussuscipien. Because of the injuries caused to the mucosa by strangulation, the affected intestinal portion was excised using the technique of intestinal wall reduction, resection, and anastomosis. The colon was washed and repositioned, and celiorrhaphy was performed on the 3rd postoperative day, an abdominal ultrasound was performed. It demonstrated normal intestinal flow, indicating that the surgical intervention had effectively corrected the condition and restored intestinal function.
Discussion: The diagnosis of intussusception was established on the basis of clinical signs, ultrasound findings, and macroscopic changes observed during a laparotomy. Jejunal intussusception is uncommon in adult horses, and it is more prevalent in young animals aged 6 months to 3 years. Although intussusception is uncommon in adult animals, its incidence in this age group cannot be underestimated because it can cause serious pathologies, requiring immediate diagnosis and surgical intervention to avoid irreversible damage. Abrupt changes in the diet may be an important predisposing factor, regardless of the animal’s age. Ultrasonography is a good diagnostic tool for intussusception, which appears as a characteristic “target lesion” or “bull’s eye.” Exploratory laparotomy is the most appropriate treatment choice, allowing confirmation of the diagnosis of intussusception and effective resolution of the symptoms.
Keywords: equine colic, exploratory laparotomy, ultrasonography.
Título: Intussuscepção jejuno-jejunal em cavalo adulto da raça Crioula
Descritores: laparotomia exploratória, síndrome cólica equina, ultrassonografia.Background: A síndrome cólica é uma das maiores causas de óbito nos equinos. Peculiaridades anatômicas predispõem os equinos a alterações morfofisiológicas. A intussuscepção é uma importante causa de cólica em potro, sendo incomum em cavalos adultos. É caracterizada pela invaginação de um segmento do intestino em um segmento aboral adjacente do intestino. Acredita-se que a intussuscepção do intestino delgado se desenvolva devido ao peristaltismo intestinal anormal. Esse tipo de afecção gera desconforto abdominal agudo e progressivo. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso raro de intussuscepção do intestino delgado porção jejuno-jejunal em um cavalo da raça Crioula de dez anos de idade.
Case: Um cavalo, com dez anos de idade, pesando 400 kg, da raça Crioula, foi encaminhado para o hospital veterinário com queixa de quadro agudo de síndrome de cólica. Na propriedade o animal apresentava sinais de dor intensa. Foi relatada troca brusca de ração, sem transição gradual. O paciente foi medicado com anti-inflamatório não esteroidal para aliviar a dor e iniciou sondagem nasogástrica. Entretanto continuava a demonstrar elevado nível de dor e não se observou estabilização do quadro, então foi encaminhado para atendimento hospitalar. Na chegada, foi realizado exame sanguíneo, no qual apresentou hematócrito abaixo do valor de referência e leucograma com intensa presença de aglomerados plaquetários. No exame físico apresentou frequência cardíaca, respiratória e temperatura retal dentro da normalidade e mucosas hipocoradas. Foi realizada ultrassonografia transabdominal, que revelou paredes intestinais espessas no segmento do intestino delgado, acompanhadas por uma sobreposição de alças. Para obtenção de diagnóstico definitivo, foi realizada uma laparotomia exploratória com o animal em decúbito dorsal e sob anestesia inalatória. Durante a inspeção visual, foram observadas alças do intestino delgado congestas e distendidas e foi identificada a porção afetada pela intussuscepção, situada no terço médio a final do jejuno. A partir disso, foi localizado o início da invaginação, possibilitando separar o intussuscepto do intussuscepiente. Devido às lesões causadas na mucosa pelo estrangulamento, foi necessária a excisão da porção intestinal afetada através da técnica de redução da parede intestinal, ressecção e anastomose. Prosseguiu-se a lavagem e reposicionamento do cólon e celiorrafia. No terceiro dia após a cirurgia, foi repetido o ultrassom na região abdominal e os resultados foram extremamente positivos, indicando um fluxo intestinal normal e demonstrando que a intervenção cirúrgica foi eficaz na correção do quadro e na restauração da função intestinal.
Discussion: O diagnóstico de intussuscepção foi estabelecido com base nos sinais clínicos, achados ultrassonográficos e nas alterações macroscópicas durante o procedimento cirúrgico. A intussuscepção jejunal é uma condição incomum em equinos adultos, sendo mais prevalente em animais jovens, com idade entre seis meses e três anos. Embora tenha ocorrência pouco comum em animais adultos, sua incidência nesta faixa etária não pode ser subestimada, pois pode acarretar patologias graves, exigindo um diagnóstico imediato e intervenção cirúrgica para evitar danos irreversíveis. A alteração abrupta na dieta pode ser um fator predisponente relevante para o desenvolvimento desta afecção, independentemente da idade do animal. O ultrassom é descrito como um bom método de diagnóstico, pois frequentemente a intussuscepção pode ser detectada pela imagem ultrassonográfica caracterizada por “lesão alvo” ou “olho de boi”, desempenhando um papel determinante na orientação diagnóstica. A intervenção cirúrgica de laparotomia exploratória revelou-se a escolha mais apropriada, permitindo a confirmação do diagnóstico de intussuscepção e a resolução efetiva do problema enfrentado pelo animal
Linfoma Palpebral em Felino
No full textBackground: Lymphomas represent approximately 80% of hematopoietic tumors in felines. This species can present neoplasia spontaneously or through viral oncogenic action, with FIV being able to play a direct oncogenic role, while FeLV has been the main viral agent involved. Combined lymphomas are predisposed in mixed breed felines between 1 and 15 years of age, where 37.5% are seropositive for FIV or FeLV and only 12.5% for both. Diagnosis must include imaging tests, cytological and/or histopathological analysis of the compromised tissue. Staging and prognostic factors depend on the location of the tumor, whether it can be treated with isolated therapy, such as surgical interventions, or requires systemic therapies such as chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The objective is to report a case of eyelid lymphoma in a cat negative for FIV/FeLV, in stage IV, presenting a state of total eyelid remission after chemotherapy treatment and clinical stability during 6-month monitoring.
Case: A 10-year-old spayed female mixed breed cat, weighing 3.8 kg, was attended with main complaint based on the failure to open the right eye, due to the presence of a nodule in the lower eyelid. With the presence of eyelid neoplasia in the right eye and due to the patient's age, a chest x-ray and abdominal ultrasound were performed, showing gastrointestinal, hepatic and mesenteric lymph node changes. In view of the findings, a clinical suspicion of a multifocal oncological condition was raised, opting for an incisional biopsy of the eyelid nodule and forwarding it to a histopathological examination, in order to define the diagnosis. The result of the histopathological analysis was conclusive for lymphoma, requiring chemotherapy treatment for tumor remission, given that the patient was unable to open her eye and because it was a malignant neoplasm. After the 6th session, the patient was discharged, being monitored monthly, currently totaling 6 months of hematological follow-up within normal limits and without signs of tumor recurrence.
Discussion: Extranodal sites where feline lymphoma frequently develops include the kidneys, spleen, tonsils, eyes, nasal region, and central nervous system. Neoplasms that cause ophthalmic discomfort can develop bulbar changes that are harmful to vision. With post-biopsy histopathological analysis, it was possible to classify the patient with combined lymphoma in stage IV, which must present a single extranodal tumor in an anatomical area, in this case eyelid neoplasia, associated with the presence of intestinal changes with or without implication of the mesenteric lymph nodes, in addition to involvement of the liver or spleen, corroborating the findings of complementary exams. Generally, the percentage of cats with lymphoma that enjoy a complete response to chemotherapy is between 50% and 70%, the average remission time is 4 months and the average survival time is 6 months. The association between vincristine and prednisolone obtained a satisfactory result in this case, as it met the objective of total remission of the eyelid neoplasia and provided stability in the systemic condition, with no recurrences of the extranodal nodule or signs of general clinical worsening. FIV/FeLV-negative felines can develop isolated or multifocal neoplastic processes, which, when present in the periocular region, must be diagnosed briefly and subjected to effective therapies, in order to avoid ophthalmic complications that worsen the patient's clinical condition, as well as promoting quality. and life expectancy with total resolution and/or stability of the diagnosed changes.
Keywords: lymphoma, eyelid neoplasm, feline, biopsy, chemotherapy.
Título: Linfoma palpebral em uma gata
Descritores: linfoma, neoplasia palpebral, felino, biópsia, quimioterapia.Background: Os linfomas representam cerca de 80% dos tumores hematopoiéticos em felinos. Esta espécie pode apresentar a neoplasia espontaneamente ou por ação oncogênica viral, sendo que o FIV pode exercer um papel oncogênico direto, enquanto o FeLV tem sido o principal agente viral envolvido. Os linfomas combinados possuem predisposição em felinos sem raça definida entre 1 a 15 anos de idade, onde 37,5% são soropositivos para FIV ou para FeLV e somente 12,5% para ambos. O diagnóstico deve incluir exames de imagem, análise citológica e/ou histopatológica do tecido comprometido. O estadiamento e fatores prognósticos dependem da localização do tumor, se ele pode ser tratado com terapia isolada, como intervenções cirúrgicas, ou requer terapêuticas sistêmicas como a quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia. Objetiva-se relatar um caso de linfoma palpebral em felino negativo para FIV/FeLV, em estágio IV apresentando estado de remissão palpebral total após tratamento quimioterápico e estabilidade clínica durante monitoramento de 6 meses.
Caso: Foi atendido um felino, sem raça definida (SRD), fêmea, 10 anos de idade, castrada, 3,8kg de massa corpórea, cuja queixa principal se baseava na não abertura do olho direito, em decorrência da presença de um nódulo em pálpebra inferior. Com a presença da neoplasia palpebral em olho direito e em virtude da idade da paciente, fora realizada radiografia de tórax e ultrassonografia abdominal, fornecendo alterações gastrointestinais, hepáticas e em linfonodos mesentéricos. Diante dos achados, levantou-se suspeita clínica de um quadro oncológico multifocal, optando pela biópsia incisional do nódulo palpebral para encaminhando ao exame histopatológico, a fim de definir o diagnóstico. O resultado da análise histopatológica foi conclusivo para linfoma, sendo necessário o tratamento quimioterápico para remissão tumoral, visto que havia inabilidade da paciente em abrir o olho e por se tratar de uma neoplasia de caráter maligno. Após a sexta sessão a paciente teve alta, sendo monitorada mensalmente, totalizando atualmente seis meses de acompanhamento hematológico dentro da normalidade e sem sinais de recidiva tumoral.
Discussion: Os locais extranodais onde o linfoma felino frequentemente se desenvolve incluem os rins, baço, tonsilas, olhos, região nasal e sistema nervoso central. As neoplasias que cursam com desconforto oftálmico podem desenvolver alterações bulbares prejudiciais a visão. Com a análise histopatológica pós biópsia, foi possível classificar a paciente com linfoma de forma combinada no estágio IV, o qual deve apresentar tumor extranodal único em área anatômica, neste caso a neoplasia palpebral, associado com a presença de alterações intestinais com ou não implicação dos linfonodos mesentéricos, além do envolvimento do fígado ou baço, corroborando com os achados dos exames complementares. Geralmente, a percentagem de gatos com linfoma que usufrui de uma resposta completa à quimioterapia é entre 50% a 70%, o tempo de médio de remissão é de 4 meses e o tempo de sobrevivência médio é de 6 meses. A associação entre a vincristina e prednisolona obteve resultado satisfatório neste caso, pois cumpriu o objetivo de remissão total da neoplasia palpebral e proporcionou estabilidade no quadro sistêmico, não havendo recidivas do nódulo extranodal ou sinais de agravamento clinico geral. Felinos negativos para FIV/FeLV podem desenvolver processos neoplásicos isolados ou multifocais, cujos quais quando presentes em região periocular, devem ser diagnosticados brevemente e submetidos a terapias efetivas, a fim de evitar complicações oftálmicas que agravem o quadro clínico do paciente, bem como promover qualidade e expectativa de vida com a resolução total e/ou estabilidade das alterações diagnosticadas
Amputação Parcial de Membro e Adaptação Protética em Égua Puro-Sangue Inglês
No full textBackground: Traditionally, severe limb injuries in horses often result in euthanasia. However, advancements in veterinary medicine allow for the treatment and rehabilitation of many of these injuries. Partial limb amputation, combined with the use of prosthetics, can offer a viable alternative to euthanasia, providing the animal with a good quality of life. Studies indicate that mares and stallions have continued to reproduce after partial limb amputation. This approach, however, requires intensive postoperative care and significant lifelong investment. This case report aims to describe a case of a mare that underwent amputation and prosthetic device placement in the left thoracic limb.
Case: A 7-year-old Thoroughbred mare, weighing 370 kg, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital (HV) of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil with a 3-year history of complete contracture of the left thoracic limb at the fetlock, along with a wound in the carpal region with granulation tissue. Radiographs revealed subluxation, hyperextension, and bone proliferation of the lateral sesamoid bones and phalanges, along with ligament involvement. After confirming the need for surgery, partial amputation of the left thoracic limb at the metacarpal level was performed, followed by the adaptation of a prosthesis. The amputation involved the sectioning of vessels, nerves, and tendons, while the prosthesis was made of synthetic plaster, aluminum, and vulcanized rubber. During the 1st week of dressing changes, the stump wound was cleaned daily with potassium permanganate, and the dressing was changed. The patient adapted well to the prosthesis, moving without assistance after 10 days. After 2 months of the prosthesis placement, the patient was able to lie down and get up without assistance.
Discussion: Partial limb amputation and the adaptation of prosthetic devices could save animals that would otherwise be euthanized due to severe limb injuries. There are few reports in the literature on equine amputations, with some reported causes being chronic septic joints, osteomyelitis, and comminuted open fractures. Partial limb amputation and prosthetic adaptation should be discussed with owners, considering the high complication rates and the quality of life for these horses. One of the main issues related to amputation is the failure of stump healing, especially if infection was present before surgery. Another problem is laminitis in the contralateral limb, due to the excessive weight supported by this limb. Patients with prolonged problems before amputation and those who do not adapt well to the prosthesis are more prone to developing rotation of the 3rd phalanx in the opposite limb. The main complications include severe flexor tendinitis in the early postoperative days and, at 6 months, signs of arthritis and exostosis in the metacarpophalangeal joint. Despite the complications, complete healing can occur between 6 months to a year. Removing hair in the lesion area reduces surface contamination during healing, and antimicrobial or antiseptic agents can be used to facilitate the process. Completely replacing a horse's limb with an equally versatile device is still not possible, but the idea is to approximate the limb's mechanics. Equine prostheses are made of carbon fiber, fiberglass, stainless steel, and various types of polypropylene. The new generation of prosthetic devices in horses includes a shock absorption mechanism, which helps reduce pressure on the stump. In the present case report, the base made of vulcanized rubber provided this impact absorption. The need for antimicrobial therapy should be justified before starting, as antibiotics may not be necessary for all wounds. In conclusion, despite high complication rates and chronic treatment needs, amputation can be a viable alternative, particularly for distal limb regions, improving the horse's quality of life.
Keywords: horse, partial limb amputation, prosthesis, rehabilitation.
Título: Amputação parcial de membro e adaptação protética em uma égua Puro-Sangue Inglês
Descritores: equino, amputação parcial de membro, prótese, reabilitação.Background: Traditionally, severe limb injuries in horses often result in euthanasia. However, advancements in veterinary medicine allow for the treatment and rehabilitation of many of these injuries. Partial limb amputation, combined with the use of prosthetics, can offer a viable alternative to euthanasia, providing the animal with a good quality of life. Studies indicate that mares and stallions have continued to reproduce after partial limb amputation. This approach, however, requires intensive postoperative care and significant lifelong investment. This case report aims to describe a case of a mare that underwent amputation and prosthetic device placement in the left thoracic limb.
Case: A 7-year-old Thoroughbred mare weighing 370 kg was presented to HV-UFPR in Curitiba, Paraná, with a three-year history of complete contracture of the left thoracic limb at the fetlock, along with a wound in the carpal region with granulation tissue. Radiographs revealed subluxation, hyperextension, and bone proliferation of the lateral sesamoid bones and phalanges, along with ligament involvement. After confirming the need for surgery, partial amputation of the left thoracic limb at the metacarpal level was performed, followed by the adaptation of a prosthesis. The amputation involved the sectioning of vessels, nerves, and tendons, while the prosthesis was made of synthetic plaster, aluminum, and vulcanized rubber. During the first week of dressing changes, the stump wound was cleaned daily with potassium permanganate, and the dressing was changed. The patient adapted well to the prosthesis, moving without assistance after 10 days. Two months after the prosthesis placement, the patient was able to lie down and get up without assistance.
Discussion: Partial limb amputation and the adaptation of prosthetic devices could save animals that would otherwise be euthanized due to severe limb injuries. There are few reports in the literature on equine amputations, with some reported causes being chronic septic joints, osteomyelitis, and comminuted open fractures. Partial limb amputation and prosthetic adaptation should be discussed with owners, considering the high complication rates and the quality of life for these horses. One of the main issues related to amputation is the failure of stump healing, especially if infection was present before surgery. Another problem is laminitis in the contralateral limb, due to the excessive weight supported by this limb. Patients with prolonged problems before amputation and those who do not adapt well to the prosthesis are more prone to developing rotation of the third phalanx in the opposite limb. The main complications include severe flexor tendinitis in the early postoperative days and, at six months, signs of arthritis and exostosis in the metacarpophalangeal joint. Despite the complications, complete healing can occur between six months to a year. Removing hair in the lesion area reduces surface contamination during healing, and antimicrobial or antiseptic agents can be used to facilitate the process. Completely replacing a horse's limb with an equally versatile device is still not possible, but the idea is to approximate the limb's mechanics. Equine prostheses are made of carbon fiber, fiberglass, stainless steel, and various types of polypropylene. The new generation of prosthetic devices in horses includes a shock absorption mechanism, which helps reduce pressure on the stump. In the present case report, the base made of vulcanized rubber provided this impact absorption. The need for antimicrobial therapy should be justified before starting, as antibiotics may not be necessary for all wounds. In conclusion, despite high complication rates and chronic treatment needs, amputation can be a viable alternative, particularly for distal limb regions, improving the horse's quality of life
Secretory Mammary Carcinoma In Situ in a Cat
No full textBackground: Secretory carcinoma is a rare mammary neoplasm observed in humans and animals. It was 1st called juvenile carcinoma. Secretory carcinoma is characterized by eosinophilic secretory material, both intra- and extracellularly, and neoplastic cells with a signet ring appearance. It is usually invasive, with a few rare reports of its non-invasive form, secretory carcinoma in situ, in humans. In veterinary medicine, only 2 cases of secretory carcinoma have been reported, both in dogs. This case is the 1st report of secretory carcinoma in a cat and the 1st instance of secretory carcinoma in situ in veterinary medicine, highlighting its histopathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical features.
Case: A 15-year-old female mixed-breed cat was presented with multiple small nodules located in the right mammary chain. The cat underwent a mastectomy to remove the affected tissue. Upon histological examination of the cranial abdominal mammary gland (A1), a well-delimited neoplasm was identified. The tumor exhibited tubular and cluster formations of cells, with no evidence of invasion beyond the basal membrane. There was a significant deposition of both inter- and extracellular eosinophilic material, and the neoplastic cells showed prominent vacuolation, giving them a signet ring appearance. To further support the suspected diagnosis of secretory carcinoma, histochemical and immunohistochemical tests were conducted. Histochemical staining using Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), both with and without diastase digestion, revealed positive results for the neoplastic cells, indicating the presence of secretory material. Additionally, the cells tested positive for the alpha-lactalbumin antibody, further supporting the diagnosis of secretory carcinoma. The Ki67 proliferation index was measured at 30%, which is considered relatively high, indicating a notable degree of cell proliferation. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of myoepithelial cells surrounding the tubules and cell clusters, as demonstrated by the positivity for alpha-smooth muscle actin and p63. This confirmed the in situ nature of the neoplasm, as the absence of invasion was confirmed, leading to the definitive diagnosis of secretory carcinoma in situ. Unfortunately, no follow-up information was available regarding the cat's post-surgical condition.
Discussion: The diagnosis of secretory mammary carcinoma in animals can be made based on the characteristic morphology, which includes the presence of both intra- and extracellular eosinophilic secretion and the vacuolated, signet ring appearance of the neoplastic cells. Histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques are essential to confirm the diagnosis. PAS staining, with and without the diastase reaction, is useful in identifying the secretory material within the cells. Furthermore, the positivity for alpha-lactalbumin in both the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells and the extracellular secretion helps corroborate the diagnosis. It is important to differentiate secretory carcinoma in situ from other tumor types with a similar morphology, given the potential for aggressive behavior associated with this neoplasm. However, in the present case, the prognosis is likely more favorable due to the absence of invasion and metastasis, as evidenced by the in situ nature of the tumor. More cases of secretory carcinoma and secretory carcinoma in situ need to be diagnosed and described in veterinary medicine to gain a better understanding of their biological behavior and prognosis.
Keywords: feline, alpha-lactalbumin, mammary neoplasm, PAS, secretion
Reflexões históricas sobre a sociologia do cinema e seus ensinamentos
No full textThis article develops theoretical, historical and pedagogical reflections on ways of conceptualizing, researching and teaching the sociology of cinema, based on film production and teaching practices in public universities in Mexico. We start from the imagination and collective imagination as the breeding ground for cinema and sociology, highlighting pioneering studies with a sociological and anthropological perspective. Since the beginnings of cinema, the public has participated and made the messages on the screen their own, but they have also criticized them and used entertainment to create knowledge. The current digital convergence is a space with enormous possibilities for analysis, production and teaching.Este artículo desarrolla reflexiones teóricas, históricas y pedagógicas sobre las formas de conceptualizar, investigar y enseñar la sociología del cine, a partir de la producción cinematográfica y la práctica docente en las universidades públicas de México. Partimos de la imaginación y el imaginario colectivo como campo de cultivo del cine y la sociología, destacando estudios pioneros con perspectiva sociológica y antropológica. Desde los inicios del cine, el público participó e hizo suyos los mensajes de la pantalla, pero también los criticó y utilizó el entretenimiento para crear conocimiento. La actual convergencia digital es un espacio con enormes posibilidades de análisis, producción y docencia.Este artigo desenvolve reflexões teóricas, históricas e pedagógicas sobre formas de conceber, pesquisar e ensinar a sociologia do cinema, com base na produção de filmes e na prática de ensino em universidades públicas do México. Partimos do imaginário coletivo e do imaginário como campo de cultivo do cinema e da sociologia, destacando estudos pioneiros com uma abordagem sociológica e antropológica. Desde os primórdios do cinema, o público participava e se apropriava das mensagens na tela, mas também as criticava e usava o entretenimento para criar conhecimento. A convergência digital de hoje é um espaço com enormes possibilidades de análise, produção e ensino
A ELABORAÇÃO DE MAPAS TEMÁTICOS COMO SUPORTE AO PLANEJAMENTO AMBIENTAL NO DE UNISTALDA ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
No full textThe present work proposes, through the development and analysis of different morphometric parameters, to produce thematic maps, representing the spatial characteristics of the territory in question, in order to contribute to the environmental planning of municipalities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. In this first Instantly, the analysis focuses on the municipality of Unistalda located in the west of the state, where the drainage basins and analysis of their parameters were carried out, seeking to understand the evolutionary process of its landscape. To represent the results, we relied on the development of thematic maps that provide important information about the physical characteristics of the territory, and which will serve to build a database with the aim of assisting in territorial planning and organization, being essential for identifying of risk areas, in the case of Unistalda, associated with soil loss due to sandstone and gully processes, aiming to promote sustainable development taking into account the specificities of the municipality in question. Furthermore, to carry out this study, the use of geotechnologies has a fundamental role, facilitating the investigative process, allowing a better visualization of the space and its evolution through the spatial representation of the morphometric parameters surveyed.O presente trabalho se propõe a, por meio do desenvolvimento e análise de diferentes parâmetros morfométricos produzir mapas temáticos, representando as características espaciais do território em questão, a fim de contribuir com o planejamento ambiental de municípios do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Neste primeiro instante, a análise se concentra sobre o município de Unistalda localizado ao oeste do estado, onde foi realizado o recorte das bacias de drenagem e análise de seus parâmetros, buscando compreender o processo evolutivo de sua paisagem. Para a representação dos resultados, contamos com o desenvolvimento de mapas temáticos que fornecem informações importantes sobre as características físicas do território, e que servirão para construção de um banco de dados com o objetivo de auxiliar no planejamento e organização territorial, sendo essencial para a identificação de áreas de risco, no caso de Unistalda, associados à perda de solos pelos processos de arenização e voçorocamento, visando promover um desenvolvimento sustentável levando em considerando as especificidades do município em questão. Outrossim, para a realização deste estudo, a utilização de geotecnologias possui um espaço fundamental, facilitando o processo investigativo, permitindo uma melhor visualização do espaço e sua evolução através da representação espacial dos parâmetros morfométricos levantados
PAISAGEM NA GEOGRAFIA: CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA TEORIA DE GEOSSISTEMAS
No full textA paisagem é um conceito operacional de grande valor para a Ciência Geográfica, que une elementos naturais, históricos, culturais e socioeconômicos. Estando, assim, em um binômio indissociável entre sociedade e natureza. A problemática emerge ao se tentar integrar os elementos que compõem a paisagem, mas que estão espalhados em subcampos da Geografia, fragmentando o espaço geográfico. Portanto, este trabalho possui como objetivo refletir sobre as contribuições da Teoria Geossistêmica no estudo da paisagem na/pela Geografia. Para isso, será realizado uma revisão bibliográfica acompanhada de discussões teóricas e analíticas, referente a paisagem e ao geossistema na Ciência Geográfica. As discussões evidenciam a conexão entre sistema-complexidade-paisagem por meio da perspectiva geossistêmica. Esta proposta teórica-metodológica possibilita englobar e conectar elementos da paisagem que antes eram analisados individualmente, considerando as relações nas distintas escalas espaço-temporais. Ademais, permite a delimitação cartográfica de unidades da paisagem, que possuem grande valor para o planejamento e gerencial territorial
Desenvolvimento Rural e o Enfrentamento à Pobreza Rural: : análise do território do COREDE Sul
No full textThis research aims to analyze rural poverty indicators in the territory of COREDE Sul, located in the southern region of Rio Grande do Sul, in order to understand the main challenges to rural development in the area. Based on this analysis, the study seeks to assess how public policies focused on productive inclusion contribute to addressing poverty and fostering the permanence of the population in rural areas. According to the Productive Inclusion in Rural and Inland Brazil Report (2022), prepared by the Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning (Cebrap), in partnership with the Arymax Foundation, the Tide Setubal Foundation, and the Humanize Institute, it was estimated that more than 50% of the rural population lived in poverty, while this rate was approximately 12% in urban areas. In this context, the study focuses on two public policies implemented in the state of Rio Grande do Sul: the Rural Productive Activities Promotion Program and the Rural Youth Scholarship Program. These initiatives are analyzed as strategies for productive inclusion, with the potential to strengthen family farming units, reduce social inequalities, and enhance the conditions for population retention in rural areas.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los indicadores de pobreza rural en el territorio del COREDE Sur, ubicado en la región sur del estado de Rio Grande do Sul, con el fin de comprender los principales desafíos para el desarrollo rural en la región. A partir de este análisis, se busca evaluar de qué manera las políticas públicas orientadas a la inclusión productiva contribuyen al enfrentamiento de la pobreza y a la permanencia de la población en el campo. Según el Informe de Inclusión Productiva en el Brasil Rural e Interiorano (2022), elaborado por el Centro Brasileño de Análisis y Planificación (Cebrap), en colaboración con la Fundación Arymax, la Fundación Tide Setubal y el Instituto Humanize, se estimaba que más del 50% de la población rural vivía en situación de pobreza, mientras que en las zonas urbanas este índice era de aproximadamente el 12%. Ante este contexto, el estudio se centra en dos políticas públicas implementadas en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul: el Programa de Fomento a las Actividades Productivas Rurales y el Programa Beca Juventud Rural. Estas iniciativas se analizan como estrategias de inclusión productiva, con potencial para fortalecer las unidades de producción familiar, reducir las desigualdades sociales y ampliar las condiciones para la permanencia en el medio rural.Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os indicadores de pobreza rural no território do COREDE Sul, localizado no sul do Rio Grande do Sul, a fim de compreender os principais desafios para o desenvolvimento rural na região. A partir dessa análise, busca-se avaliar de que forma políticas públicas voltadas à inclusão produtiva contribuem para o enfrentamento da pobreza e para a permanência da população no campo. Segundo o Relatório de Inclusão Produtiva no Brasil Rural e Interiorano (2022), elaborado pelo Centro Brasileiro de Análise e Planejamento (Cebrap), em parceria com a Fundação Arymax, a Fundação Tide Setubal e o Instituto Humanize, estimava-se que mais de 50% da população rural vivia em situação de pobreza, enquanto nas áreas urbanas esse índice era de aproximadamente 12%. Diante desse contexto, o estudo foca em duas políticas públicas implementadas no estado do Rio Grande do Sul: o Programa de Fomento às Atividades Produtivas Rurais e o Programa Bolsa Juventude Rural. Essas iniciativas são analisadas como estratégias de inclusão produtiva, com potencial para promover o desenvolvimento das unidades de produção familiar, reduzir desigualdades sociais e ampliar as condições de permanência no meio rural
Articulações institucionais da coleção de arte de Alfredo Nicolaiewsky no Rio Grande do Sul
No full textThis interview goes back to the idea of conducting a survey of art collectors in Rio Grande do Sul who have works by canonical artists for Rio Grande do Sul in their collection and do not resell their works – more specifically, who have a personal collection. It intends to identify what the collection of Alfredo Nicolaiewsky documents and under which conditions the collector articulates it institutionally in Rio Grande do Sul.Esta entrevista remonta à ideia de fazer um levantamento de colecionadores de arte no Rio Grande do Sul que possuem obras de artistas canônicos para o Rio Grande do Sul em sua coleção e não revendem suas obras – mais especificamente, tenham uma coleção pessoal. Pretende identificar o quê a coleção de Alfredo Nicolaiewsky documenta e em quais condições o colecionador a articula institucionalmente no Rio Grande do Sul