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Efeitos do Desenvolvimento Capitalista Durante a Ditadura Militar Brasileira(1964-1985) no Povo Indígena Xakriabá
No full textThis article aims to analyze how the economic policies of the Brazilian Military Dictatorship (1964-1985), influenced by global capitalist expansion, impacted the Xakriabá Indigenous people. The national economy during the Dictatorship was characterized by the call for modernization and development, in this sense indigenous peoples represented an obstacle to the implementation of economic projects aimed at the interior. The Xakriabá people are located in the northwest of the state of Minas Gerais, therefore the analysis focuses on the regional context, in particular on the study of the "Planoroeste I and II" economic development projects, which aimed to promote capitalist development in the northwest of Minas Gerais through measures for infrastructure and agricultural expansion. Another aspect to be discussed is the effects that the implementation of economic plans had on the Xakriabá people, with emphasis on territorial, sociocultural and environmental effects.
KEYWORD: Military Dictatorship; Developmental policy; Xakriabá.O presente artigo tem por intuito analisar como as políticas econômicas da Ditadura Militar Brasileira (1964-1985), influenciadas pela expansão capitalista global, impactaram o povo Indígena Xakriabá. A economia nacional durante a Ditadura tinha como característica o apelo à modernização e desenvolvimento, nesse sentido os povos indígenas representavam um empecilho para a aplicação dos projetos econômicos voltados para os interiores. O povo Xakriabá está localizado no noroeste do estado de Minas Gerais, portanto a análise se concentra no contexto regional, em especial no estudo dos projetos de desenvolvimento econômico Planoroeste I e II, os quais tinham por objetivo promover o desenvolvimento capitalista no noroeste mineiro através de medidas para a infraestrutura e expansão agrícola. Outro aspecto a ser discutido é os efeitos que a implementação dos planos econômicos promoveram ao povo Xakriabá, com destaque aos efeitos territoriais, socioculturais e ambientais.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ditadura Militar; Política desenvolvimentista; Xakriabá. 
Comentários sobre “Gravity Fault Subsidence and Beach Ridges Progradation in Quinta Cassino (RS) Coastal Plain, Brazil” by Bruno Silva da Fontoura, Adelir José Strieder, Iran Carlos Stalliviere Corrêa, Paulo Rogério Mendes, Alexandre Felipe Bruch, Angélica Cirolini. 2024 (Open Journal of Geology 14, 177-195, https://doi.org/10.4236/ojg.2024.142011)
No full textThe paper of Fontoura et al. (2024) presented results based on the interpretation of GPR records of good quality. However, after reviewing and analyzing their paper, we concluded that Fontoura et al. (2024) failed to show that gravity-driven large-scale faults control the mechanical subsidence and sedimentation of the prograding beach ridges in the Quinta-Cassino strandplain in southern Brazil. In this comments, the paper of Fontoura et al. (2024) is criticized due to: 1- the lack of presentation of appropriate data supporting the occurrence of potential recent tectonic events in the study area, 2- both a lack of criteria and wrong interpretations of GPR records, 3- disregard for the existence of direct data from 15 drill holes that could have been used to validate their solely indirect data, 4- a very poor discussion (in fact, no discussion at all) of their results with previous studies, and 5- a flawed and entirely incorrect interpretation of a wave-dominated coastal barrier as a deltaic depositional system.Resumo: O artigo de Fontoura et al. (2024) apresentou resultados baseados na interpretação de registros de GPR de boa qualidade. No entanto, após a apreciação e análise do artigo, concluímos que Fontoura et al. (2024) não conseguiram demonstrar que falhas de grande escala induzidas pela gravidade controlam a subsidência mecânica e a sedimentação das cristas de praia progradantes na planície costeira de Quinta-Cassino, no sul do Brasil. Nestes comentários, o artigo de Fontoura et al. (2024) é criticado devido a: 1- falta de apresentação de dados apropriados que apoiem a ocorrência de potenciais eventos tectônicos recentes na área de estudo, 2- falta de critérios e interpretações erradas dos registros GPR, 3- desconsideração da existência de dados diretos de 15 furos de perfuração que poderiam ter sido usados para validar seus dados exclusivamente indiretos, 4- discussão muito pobre (na verdade, nenhuma discussão) de seus resultados com estudos anteriores e 5- interpretação falha e totalmente incorreta de uma barreira costeira dominada por ondas como um sistema deposicional deltaico.O artigo de Fontoura et al. (2024) apresentou resultados obtidos a partir da interpretação de registros de GPR de boa qualidade. No entanto, após a apreciação e análise do artigo, concluímos que Fontoura et al. (2024) não conseguiram demonstrar que falhas de grande escala induzidas pela gravidade controlam a subsidência mecânica e a sedimentação das cristas de praia progradantes na planície costeira de Quinta-Cassino, no sul do Brasil. Nestes comentários, o artigo de Fontoura et al. (2024) é criticado devido a: 1- falta de apresentação de dados apropriados que apoiem a ocorrência de potenciais eventos tectônicos recentes na área de estudo, 2- falta de critérios e interpretações erradas dos registros GPR, 3- desconsideração da existência de dados diretos de 15 furos de perfuração que poderiam ter sido usados para validar seus dados exclusivamente indiretos, 4- discussão muito pobre (na verdade, nenhuma discussão) de seus resultados com estudos anteriores e 5- interpretação falha e totalmente incorreta de uma barreira costeira dominada por ondas como um sistema deposicional deltaico
Far Lateral Intervertebral Disc Extrusion (IVDE) in a Dog: Sequestrectomy as a Potential Surgical Option
No full textBackground: Far lateral intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) is rare and poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in veterinary medicine. Although surgical techniques such as hemilaminectomy are widely used, they often require bone drilling, which may increase the risk of spinal instability and prolong operative time. In human medicine, sequestrectomy - removal of only the extruded disc without bone drilling - has demonstrated favorable outcomes in terms of recovery and pain management. However, this technique has not been previously reported or evaluated in veterinary patients. This case report introduces sequestrectomy for far lateral IVDE in a dog and describes its clinical outcome.
Case: A 9-year-old, male castrated Coton de Tulear (chondrodystrophic dog breed) presented with a 5-month history of right hindlimb lameness and a prior history of cervical IVDD. Neurological examination revealed severe pain on palpation of the right L6-L7 region, with no other neurological deficits. Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) demonstrated calcified intervertebral discs and far lateral extrusion at L6-L7. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed nerve root compression by the extruded disc, without spinal cord compression. Conservative management with gabapentin and methocarbamol for 2 weeks was unsuccessful. Surgical intervention was performed using sequestrectomy, as spinal cord compression was absent on imaging and nerve root compression was isolated, whereby the extruded disc material was removed without bone drilling to preserve segmental stability and minimize operative trauma. The patient showed immediate postoperative neurological improvement, standing on the day of surgery with minimal pain response, and regaining full weight-bearing within 2 days. Postoperative imaging confirmed removal of the compressive disc material, although mild recurrence was observed without neurological deficits. The patient remained pain-free and exhibited continued functional recovery during follow-up.
Discussion: This case report is the 1st in veterinary medicine to employ the term "sequestrectomy" and to detail its clinical outcome for the treatment of far lateral IVDE. Conventional surgical options in veterinary practice frequently require partial vertebral resection for decompression, increasing spinal instability, prolonging operative time, and elevating the risk of spinal cord injury; in contrast, sequestrectomy avoids bone drilling and thereby reduces these risks. Although recurrence of disc extrusion remains a concern, human studies have shown comparable recurrence rates between sequestrectomy and conventional discectomy, with superior outcomes in pain and recovery. Furthermore, sequestrectomy preserves the possibility of revision surgery if needed. In this case, patient selection was based on isolated nerve root compression without spinal cord compression and a far lateral fragment that was accessible via a bone-sparing approach. Postoperatively, the patient showed prompt neurological improvement, minimal pain response, and rapid return to full weight‑bearing, with objective gait analysis corroborating functional gains. The successful application of sequestrectomy in this case suggests that it may be a valuable surgical option for select cases of IVDE in veterinary medicine. Future studies are warranted to further evaluate the prognosis and long-term outcomes of this technique, particularly in combination with advanced surgical tools.
Keywords: canine, chondrodystrophic breed, IVDE, discectomy, far lateral extrusion, surgery
Fungi Isolated from Cattle Potentially Causing Economic Losses in the Production Chain: : Retrospective Data
No full textBackground: Fungal diseases in bovines might cause considerable economic losses for farmers and the livestock industry due to decreased productivity caused by various factors. The most important causes described in the literature are: direct infections, secondary complications like reduced growth productivity and reproduction, weight loss, decreased milk production, production of mycotoxins, treatment costs, and even mortality. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe a retrospective data about fungal isolated from bovines at the Sector of Veterinary Mycology, School of Veterinary Medicine of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) during a 38-year period of routine diagnosis (1986-2023).Materials, Methods & Results: Two-hundred and thirty-two (n = 232) mycological cultures were made from bovine samples from specimens of various systems [integumentary (n = 84); 27 respiratory (n = 27); reproductive (n = 41) and digestive (n = 36)] and 44 samples of quarter milk from subclinical mastitis. Culture media used were as the following: Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol; SDA with chloramphenicol & cyclohexamide; and yeast extract-malt agar with chloramphenicol. Trichophyton verrucosum was the most dermatophyte zoophilic diagnosticated from the hair samples. From milk samples the yeast Candida spp. was the most prevalent pathogen isolated. Samples from cattle with respiratory disorders (n = 27) showed the presence of fungi (18 = 67%) with a great majority being hyalohyphomycetes (15 = 55%). In relationship to positive cultures (49 = 64%) from abortion (77 samples), hyalohyphomycetes (n = 37) were the most isolated fungi, comprising 75.5% of the total isolates, with the genus Aspergillus spp. (n = 19; 10 A. fumigatus) being the most prevalent within this group; yeasts (7 = 14%) were the 2nd type of fungi cultured from abortion specimens. Also, some dairy and beef cattle feed samples were analyzed for fungal contamination showing various fungal species: rice straw (Fusarium sp., Mucor sp. and Aspergillus flavus); sorghum silage (Candida albicans); alfalfa (A. flavus, A. niger and Rhizopus sp.); barley (A. clavatus) and feed (A. clavatus).Discussion: The results of fungi isolated from several bovine organs over a period of 38 years are intended to emphasize the need to routinely investigate a possible fungal etiology in various clinical conditions, at least as a differential diagnosis. Mycoses affecting ruminants are usually diagnosed after the animal's death and occur after fungal propagules invade via the airborne, digestive, or intramuscular routes for subsequent hematogenous or lymphatic dissemination to various organs. Due to the fact that the fungi isolated in the present study are ubiquitous, complementary tests, especially histopathological analysis, are often necessary to ascertain with certainty that it is a mycotic condition. Knowledge of the diseases affecting cattle in Brazil, whether caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other etiologies, is very important for decision-making aimed at reducing their occurrence and minimizing the resulting economic losses. The world literature cites parasitic and bacterial diseases, as well as management factors, as the most common causes of losses due to carcass condemnation. Fungi are usually more associated with meat alteration and contamination during refrigerated storage. The fungi, whether filamentous or yeasts, described in the present manuscript are recognized worldwide as being associated with the occurrence of various clinical conditions in several animal species, as well as in humans.Keywords: mycoses, ruminants, abortion, pneumonia, carcass condemnation, filamentous fungi, yeasts
Sôbre um caso de retração isquémica de Volkmann
No full textRelato de caso e estudo sobre as causas da Contratura de Volkman
Combate á lepra
No full textComo homenagem à campanha que se realiza em prol do Amparo Santa Cruz, obra de grande benemerência social, os "Arquivos Rio Grandenses de Medicina" publicam o discurso do ilustre prof. Raul Moreira, proferido na sessão de encerramento
