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Un denario de Publio Carisio hallado en el yacimiento de Rompesparteñas (Caravaca de la Cruz, Murcia)
No full textEl yacimiento de Rompesparteñas suele identificarse como un asenta-miento romano cuyo horizonte cronológico se sitúa entre época tardorrepublicana (si-glos ii-i a.C.) y altoimperial (siglo i d.C.). Presenta escasos materiales cerámicos dispersos en su superficie. Tras diversas prospecciones realizadas en el yacimiento, se documentaron restos anfóricos de mediados del siglo i a.C., a lo que sumamos ahora un raro denario de Publio Carisio acuñado entre los años 25-23 a.C. Además, la estratégica ubicación del ya-cimiento se relaciona con una vía de paso que penetra hacia la Alta Andalucía, utilizada desde la Edad del Hierro. Esto último lo sabemos gracias al elemento metálico más anti-guo hallado en el yacimiento: el puente de una fíbula prerromana de los siglos vi-v a.C. Por la ausencia de estructuras, se puede relacionar con algún pequeño destacamento militar que pudiese haber ocupado la ladera del cerro durante un corto o muy corto espacio de tiempo, pudiendo coincidir con la ocupación del castellum de Archivel y la turris Barranda, durante el siglo i a.C. Ambos emplazamientos militares formaron, en torno al siglo i a.C., parte de un sistema defensivo y de control en la cuenca alta de los ríos Argos y Quípar, cuya misión era vigilar las vías de tránsito y asegurar la seguridad en una región de paso, con importante trasiego militar y civil. Todo esto podría explicar, en última instancia, los distintos hallazgos recopilados; The site of Rompesparteñas has been identified as a Roman settlement, with a chronological framework spanning from the Late Republican period (2nd-1st centuries BC) to the Early Imperial period (1st century AD). In quantitative terms, the site yields very little ceramic material. However, following various surveys conducted at the site, some amphora fragments dating to the mid-1st century BC have been documented. To this evidence, can now be added a rare denarius of Publius Carisius, minted between 25 and 23 BC. In addition, the strategic location of the site is related to a road leading to Alta Andalucía, which has been used since the Iron Age. This is known thanks to the oldest metallic element found at the site: the bridge of a pre-Roman fibula from the 6th-5th centuries BC. Given the absence of structural remains, the settlement may be associated with a small military detachment that likely occupied the hillside for a brief period of time, possibly coinciding with the occupation of the castellum of Archivel and the turrisof Barranda in the early 1st century BC. Around the 1st century BC, both military sites formed part of a system of defence and control in the upper basin of the Argos and Quípar rivers, whose mission was to watch over the transit routes and ensure security in a region of transit, with important military and civilian traffic. All of this could ultimately explain the different find
Peer-to-peer interaction in task-based learning and the development of young EFL learners’ productive vocabulary: an exploratory study
No full text[EN] Peer-to-peer interaction research contends that learning stems from both language-related episodes (LREs), which feature overt discussions about the language, and overall peer-to-peer interaction that does not focus on the language itself. However, most studies examining language gains have centred on the former and the extent to which learning can occur without paying joint attention to the language (i.e. implicitly) remains under-researched, especially in young learners’ (YLs) acquisition of vocabulary. Moreover, task modality has been identified as a variable affecting students’ interaction and, potentially, language gains. This paper tries to fill these gaps by analysing the lexical gains and their relationship to LREs (including resolution) and to overall interaction in a productive vocabulary pretest/post-test by 34 Basque/Spanish bilingual YLs in Grades 4 and 6 (aged 9–10 and 11–12, respectively) after completing an oral+oral or an oral+written storytelling task in pairs. Lexical gains were observed both in words that were the focus of their LREs and in words that were produced during YLs’ interaction but were not part of an LRE, suggesting both explicit and implicit learning. The oral+oral task appeared to favour implicit learning whereas the oral+written task seemed to be more conducive to explicit learning.[ES] La investigación sobre la interacción entre pares entiende que el aprendizaje resulta tanto de los episodios relacionados con el lenguaje (ERLs), que suponen discusiones explícitas sobre la lengua, como del resto de la interacción que no se centra en el lenguaje en sí. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios que examinan las ganancias lingüísticas se han enfocado en los primeros y, por tanto, es necesario esclarecer hasta qué punto la falta de atención conjunta al lenguaje puede derivar en aprendizaje, especialmente en el caso del aprendizaje de vocabulario en jóvenes aprendices. Además, se ha observado que la modalidad de la tarea también influye en la interacción entre los estudiantes y, potencialmente, en las ganancias lingüísticas. En este sentido, este artículo analiza las ganancias léxicas en un test de vocabulario productivo con diseño pre-/post-test completado por jóvenes aprendices bilingües en castellano y euskera de 4º y 6º de Primaria tras realizar una tarea de narración oral o escrita en parejas. Se han observado ganancias léxicas tanto en las palabras en las que se centraban durante un ERL como en las palabras que se produjeron durante su interacción sin ser parte de un ERL, lo cual sugiere tanto aprendizaje implícito como explícito. La tarea oral pareció favorecer un aprendizaje implícito mientras que la tarea escrita promovió un aprendizaje más explícito.This work was supported by the grants awarded by the University of the Basque Country (PIF20/300), the Basque Government (IT904-16 and IT1426-22) and the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (FFI2016-74950-P, PID2020-113630-GB-I00 and PID2020-115327RB-I00)
Synthesis, characterisation, and thermal degradation kinetics of lignin-based polyurethane wood adhesives
No full textPolyurethane adhesives are widely employed in a range of industrial applications due to their exceptional bonding strength, flexibility, and chemical resistance. These materials play a crucial role in wood bonding technologies, where their versatility and durability make them ideal for creating strong, long-lasting joints. In this work, Four different polyurethane wood adhesives were synthesised using ligno-based bio-polyols obtained through microwave assisted liquefaction reaction of two wood species (hardwood and softwood) using polyethylene glycol and glycerol as solvents. The reaction conditions used for the synthesis of bio-polyols were optimised in a previous work. The synthesis of polyurethanes was carried out by one-shot method using Tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvent and MDI as diisocyanate employing different NCO:OH ratios (2.0:1, 2.5:1, and 3.0:1). The chemical structure of polyurethanes was determined through ATR-FTIR and the shear strength was analysed using Automated Bonding Evaluation System (ABES) employing beech veneer strips. Through ABES it was concluded that an NCO:OH ratio of 2.5:1 was the formulation that showed the best shear strength for a pressing time of 120 s. Employing this ratio and the same synthesis procedure, two new polyurethanes were synthesised with the bio-polyols obtained using crude glycerol instead commercial glycerol. Finally, a study of thermal degradation kinetics employing the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (OFW) and Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) isoconversional methods of the polyurethanes synthesised with an NCO:OH ratio of 2.5:1 was carried out. On the one hand, the Ea of each system were estimated for the different α ratios, obtaining slightly higher values for the adhesives produced using commercial glycerol than crude glycerol. In addition, the pre-exponential factor was determined, enabling an estimation of the lifetime of the polymers. This study highlights demonstrated that crude glycerol could replace commercial glycerol without compromising adhesive properties. The findings revealed that the lignin source significantly influences the adhesive's characteristics and stability, while addressing challenges in achieving industrial viability remains essential for broader application.The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Basque Government (IT1498-22) and the national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC): LEPABE, UIDB/00511/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/00511/2020), ALiCE, LA/P/0045/2020 (DOI: 10.54499/LA/P/0045/2020) and CERNAS (UIDB/00681/2020 DOI: 10.54499/UIDB/00681/2020). They also express their gratitude to SGIker for their outstanding technical support and kindness. Fabio Hernández-Ramos would like to extend his utmost gratitude to the Polytechnic Institute of Viseu for enabling his doctoral stay, resulting in the completion of this article, and especially to Professor Bruno Miguel de Morais for his exceptional hospitality
Control of hyperbolic and parabolic equations on networks and singular limits
No full textWe study the controllability properties of transport equations and of parabolic equations with vanishing diffusivity posed on a tree-shaped network. Using a control localized on the exterior nodes, we obtain a null-controllability result for both systems. The hyperbolic proof relies on the method of characteristics; while the parabolic one on duality arguments and Carleman inequalities. In particular, we estimate the cost of the null-controllability of advection-diffusion equations with diffusivity ε > 0 and study its asymptotic behavior when ε → 0+. More specifically, we show that the cost of null-controllability decays exponentially for a time sufficiently large and explodes for short times. The core of the proof consists in proving an observability estimate keeping track of the viscosity parameter by relying on a suitable Carleman inequality.This work has received funding from the Alexander von Humboldt-Professorship program, the Transregio 154 Project "Mathematical Modelling, Simulation and Optimization Using the Example of Gas Networks" of the DFG, the grant PID2020-112617GB-C22 of MINECO (Spain), and the COST Action grant CA18232, "Mathematical models for interacting dynamics on networks" (MAT-DYN-NET). J. A. Bárcena-Petisco is funded by the Grant PID2021-126813NB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe", and by the grant IT1615-22 funded by the Basque Government. M. Cavalcante has been partially funded by CAPES-MATHAMSUD 88887.368708/2019. G. M. Coclite and N. De Nitti are members of the Gruppo Nazionale per l'Analisi Matematica, la Probabilità e le loro Applicazioni (GNAMPA) of the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica (INdAM). G. M. Coclite has been partially supported by the Project funded under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4, Component 2, Investment 1.4 (Call for tender No. 3138 of 16/12/2021), of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union (NextGenerationEU Award, No. CN000023, Concession Decree No. 1033 of 17/06/2022) adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (CUP D93C22000410001), Centro Nazionale per la Mobilità Sostenibile. He has also been supported by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research under the Programme "Department of Excellence" Legge 232/2016 (CUP D93C23000100001), and by the Research Project of National Relevance "Evolution problems involving interacting scales" granted by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR PRIN 2022, project code 2022M9BKBC, CUP D53D23005880006). N. De Nitti has been funded by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number MB22.00034 through the project TENSE
Fichas de visionado de informativos y programas de entretenimiento en cadenas de televisión nacionales españolas
No full textLas fichas de datos cuantifican el uso de los dialectos de la lengua española en los programas informativos y de entretenimiento en las cadenas nacionales más importantes de España: Antena 3, Telecinco, La Sexta y TVE
La quiebra del sistema de pensiones y los sistemas de previsión social
No full textEl presente trabajo analiza el sistema de pensiones en España, abarcando su historia, principios y evolución. Se distingue entre pensiones contributivas y no contributivas, y se examinan los sistemas de reparto y capitalización. También se exploran los principales retos del sistema, derivados de factores demográficos y económicos. A modo comparativo, se estudian los sistemas de pensiones de Alemania, Suecia, Francia y Chile. Finalmente, se plantean alternativas como sistemas mixtos, educación financiera y previsión social complementaria, con un enfoque especial en las Entidades de Previsión Social Voluntaria en Euskadi, su funcionamiento, fiscalidad y reformas
RAMÍREZ RUIZ, Raúl; DEL PRADO HIGUERA, Cristina; DEBASA NAVALPOTRO, Felipe R. Los estudios asiáticos en España: Análisis, evolución y perspectivas, Editorial Aranzadi/Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Pamplona, 2023, 384 pp.
No full textThe Conscious Side of ‘Subliminal’ Linguistic Priming: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Reliability Analysis of Visibility Measures
No full textPublished on Jan 7, 2025Research on unconscious processing has been a valuable source of evidence in
psycholinguistics for shedding light on the cognitive architecture of language. The
automaticity of syntactic processing, in particular, has long been debated. One strategy
to establish this automaticity involves detecting significant syntactic priming effects in
tasks that limit conscious awareness of the stimuli. Criteria for assessing unconscious
priming include the visibility (d’) of masked words not differing significantly from zero
and no positive correlation between visibility and priming. However, such outcomes
could also arise for strictly methodological reasons, such as low statistical power in
visibility tests or low reliability of dependent measures. In this study, we aimed to
address these potential limitations. Through meta-analysis and Bayesian re-analysis,
we find evidence of low statistical power and of participants having above-chance
awareness of ‘subliminal’ words. Moreover, we conducted reliability analyses on
a dataset from Berkovitch and Dehaene (2019), finding that low reliability in both
syntactic priming and visibility tasks may better explain the absence of a significant
correlation. Overall, these findings cast doubt on the validity of previous conclusions
regarding the automaticity of syntactic processing based on masked priming effects.
The results underscore the importance of revisiting the methods employed when
exploring unconscious processing in future psycholinguistic research.This work was supported by grants FJC2020-045577-I (DHG) and PID2020-118583GB-I00 (MAV)
MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRT
Voting record of the UNGA Resolutions on “Unilateral economic measures as a means of political and economic coercion against developing countries”
No full textIkaskuntza autogainbegiratuaren ahalmena azaleratzen
No full textIkaskuntza automatikoak nabarmen egin du aurrera azken urteotan, eta horren fruitu da garatutako algoritmo sorta izugarria, zeinek ahalmena ematen baitigute ataza mota ugari egiteko. Literaturaren arabera, algoritmo gehienak ikaskuntza gainbegiratuan oinarritzen dira. Hala ere, hainbat atazatan emaitza onak lortu arren, ikaskuntza-paradigma horren eragozpen nagusia etiketetiko mendekotasuna da; izan ere, etiketatze-prozesua oso garestia da. Gainera, ikaskuntza automatikoan erabiltzen diren ereduek joera handia dute alborapen okerrak bultzatzen dituzten bide laburrak ikasteko, eta, ondorioz, atazek porrot egiten dute. Arazo horiek saihesteko, ikaskuntza autogainbegiratuak arreta bereganatu du azkenaldian ikaskuntza-paradigma gisa. Lan honetan, ikaskuntza autogainbegiratuari dagokion literaturari buruzko sarrera bat eskaintzen dugu, eta ikaskuntza-paradigma horren barruan bereizten diren metodo motak biltzen eta azaltzen ditugu, zenbait datu motatan aplikatzeko oinarrizko prozedurak aztertuz.; Machine learning has made significant progress in recent years, resulting in the development of an impressive array of algorithms that enable us to perform a wide variety of tasks. According to the literature, most algorithms rely on supervised learning. However, despite achieving good results in different tasks, the main drawback of this learning paradigm is its dependency on manually created human labels, as the labeling process is very costly. Moreover, machine learning models tend to learn shortcuts that promote incorrect biases, leading to failures in the tasks they aim to accomplish. To avoid these issues, self-supervised learning has recently gained attention as a learning paradigm. This work provides an introduction to the literature on self-supervised learning. It explains the different types of methods distinguished within this learning paradigm and examine the basic procedures for applying them to different types of data