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Contribución de los agroecosistemas a la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos en el paisaje agrario vasco
No full text327 p.La conservación de la biodiversidad es fundamental para garantizar el correcto funcionamiento de los agroecosistemas y el aprovisionamiento de los servicios ecosistémicos (SSEE). Hoy en día, se estima que entre un 25-28% de las especies de todo el planeta estarían en peligro de extinción, debido a diversas causas como la pérdida de hábitat, la gestión intensiva del territorio, el abandono rural, o la simplificación del paisaje, entre otros. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es profundizar en el conocimiento acerca del diseño de paisajes multifuncionales orientados a la producción de alimentos con el fin garantizar la provisión de SSEE mediante la conservación de la biodiversidad en el paisaje agrario vasco. Para ello, se proponen cuatro ensayos. En el primero se analiza el efecto de la complejidad del paisaje sobre los polinizadores, fauna auxiliar y fitófagos en cultivos de leguminosa ecológicos. En el segundo ensayo se estudia el efecto de los desbroces de brezales-argomales en los pastos de montaña sobre los recursos florales y los polinizadores. En el tercer ensayo se analiza el efecto del cambio en la vegetación y en el suelo tras los desbroces de brezales-argomales sobre la mesofauna edáfica. Finalmente, en el cuarto, se estudia el comportamiento del ganado en pastoreo extensivo y su tendencia natural a desarrollar una actividad de silvopastoralismo. Con todo ello, se concluye que la gestión de un agroecosistema orientado a la conservación de la biodiversidad debe de considerar las características del paisaje, integrando los usos del suelo y su organización espacial
Socioemotional changes in university students: International mobility duration and friendships matter
No full textFostering transversal skills is important for adapting to an ever-changing world. This
study aims to evaluate the socioemotional skills of undergraduate university students
participating in semester-long international mobility programs. To this end, an initial
sample of 128 students from a public university in Spain participated: 49 mobility students
and 79 non-mobility students. The results indicate that students who participate
in mobility programs have a different socioemotional profile from their peers
before starting mobility, with higher levels of self-concept and empathy. In addition,
after the stay, mobility students improve their empathic skills, social skills, and resilience.
It is also observed that students who maintain friendships at their destination
with national hosts develop empathy, resilience, and social skills to a greater extent
than those who do not. These results shed light on the socioemotional skills of international
mobility students and the changes they undergo after mid-length stays at
other universities
Oskorri y Gabriel Aresti. La representación popular de un poeta del pueblo
No full textSe explora la representación popular del poeta Gabriel Aresti, en especial mediante la música vasca popularizada por el grupo Oskorri
Estrategias de control robusto para procesos de soldadura po arco eléctrico
No full text197 p.Welding, a fundamental process in modern manufacturing, joins metal components by melting them and allowing them to solidify, often with a filler material. Its widespread use is evident in the fact that over half of manufactured products are estimated to contain welded joints. However, achieving precise control over the welding process to ensure desired mechanical properties, such as strong, distortion-free joints with minimal residual stress, remains a significant challenge. Despite welding's importance, the application of sophisticated control techniques has not kept pace with other manufacturing domains. This research aims to bridge this gap by developing models that link controllable parameters (power and travel speed) to temperature, and by designing control systems to maintain the process within specified parameters. This study investigates two distinct welding applications. First, a long-duration welding process, common in large structure fabrication, is examined. A simplified 1D model serves as the basis for a decentralized control system that manipulates power and travel speed to achieve a target cooling curve. Second, the complexities of additive manufacturing are addressed. The layer-by-layer nature of this process and the associated heat accumulation demand a more advanced control strategy. A multivariable controller, designed using sequential Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT), regulates the surface temperature profile by adjusting power and travel speed, with particular emphasis on the challenges posed by direction changes during layer creatio
Urinary incontinence during pregnancy and in the postpartum period
No full textEl embarazo y el parto implican cambios anatómicos y fisiológicos en el suelo pélvico que pueden afectar negativamente al mecanismo de continencia urinaria en la mujer. Tanto durante el embarazo como en el postparto, las tasas de incontinencia urinaria aumentan notablemente, siendo la incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE) el tipo más común. Los mecanismos fisiopatológicos implicados en la incontinencia urinaria en el embarazo y el posparto no se comprenden por completo. La IUE parece estar más estrechamente relacionada con la deficiencia del esfínter uretral que con el deterioro del soporte de la uretra, aunque ambas alteraciones se han observado durante el embarazo y el posparto. Los principales factores de riesgo para la incontinencia urinaria relacionada con el embarazo son la edad materna aumentada, el índice de masa corporal elevado y el haber tenido hijos anteriormente. En el posparto, la incontinencia urinaria se asocia principalmente con haber sido incontinente durante el embarazo y con el parto vaginal. Actualmente, la única opción para prevenir la incontinencia urinaria en el embarazo y el posparto temprano es realizar un entrenamiento muscular del suelo pélvico (EMSP) intenso durante el embarazo y bajo supervisión. Sin embargo, la eficacia del EMSP para tratar la incontinencia urinaria durante el embarazo y el posparto aún no está bien establecida. Se necesitan más investigaciones para evaluar el efecto del EMSP en mujeres incontinentes durante el embarazo y el posparto, y para identificar que mujeres tendrían más probabilidades de beneficiarse de este tratamiento
Extinction Induced Representational Change
No full textExtinction may alter the representation of a cue (e.g., it becomes less salient). To assess that idea, three groups learned to suppress mouse clicking in a video game in negative-patterning (X+/Y+/XY−) and positive patterning(Z+/W+/ZW++) discriminations followed by extinction of X and Z. The negative-patterning discrimination should depend on a configural cue that is dependent on the representation of X and Y. Removal of the excitatory influence of X should further reduce responding to XY. In contrast, if extinction alters the representation of X, the original XY configural cue supporting the discrimination should also be changed, affecting inhibitory control, increasing responding to XY. Following patterning, groups received extinction in the same context as training (Ext A), a different context (Ext B), or received no extinction (no extinction).
All stimuli were tested in ContextA.Group no extinction showed negative patterning; suppression to X and
Y was greater than to XY while suppression to Z, W, and ZW was equally strong. In group Ext A extinction
reduced suppression to X, increased suppression to XY, reversed the X/XY discrimination, and weakened the Y/XY discrimination. Extinction of Z reduced suppression to Z with no effect on Wor ZW. Group Ext B showed renewal of X and a renewal of the X/XY and Y/XY discriminations. Results suggest some form of representational change in X occurred during extinction disrupting the original XY configural cue that was dependent on that representation. Findings are discussed with respect to theories of associative learning.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PGC2018-097769-BC21 and PID2023-149399NB-C22) y Eusko Jaurlaritza/Gobierno Vasco ( IT-1501-22
A forestry waste-derived lithium ion capacitor: Sustainable, high-power energy storage
No full textIn order to fill the demand for efficient and sustainable energy storage, hybrid systems combining batteries and supercapacitors are being explored. Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs), which leverage advances in electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), are particularly promising. In this study, we present a LIC using electrodes derived from Pinus Radiata biomass. The negative electrode, made of a hard carbon, achieves high capacity values (up to 112 mAh g⁻1 at 10C) without complex doping procedures, the use of expensive additives or complex processing. The positive capacitive electrode utilizes an activated carbon derived from the same hard carbon, which has a high specific surface area of 2399 m2 g−1. The proposed system exhibits an energy density of up to 105 Wh kg⁻1 at 700 W kg⁻1, retaining 60 % capacity after 10,000 cycles at 10C. By utilizing locally accessible biomass, this approach offers a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to conventional LICs, with further optimization potential. This research highlights the potential of biomass-derived materials in developing high-power, eco-friendly, and affordable energy storage systems.This work was supported by Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza (project IT1546-22) and project PID2023-151153OB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER, UE and project TED2021-131517B-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the “European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR”
The influence of sport results on football stock markets
No full textThe sporting field has undergone a profound transformation in recent years, and football has not
escaped this evolution, with the sport becoming a lucrative business, in which football is not only
a mere sport. For example, European football teams earned around €35.3 billion (Deloitte Sports
Business Group, 2024). Investors have identified a commercial opportunity in the sport, driving
growth through investment and exploring new markets to maximise their profits, often putting
the needs of the fans on the back burner.
Today, football is an area where multiple interests converge; from those of football team owners
and sports companies, to those of advertising agencies, the media, fans and the players
themselves. This diversity of actors has reshaped sport, placing it in a context marked by
economic profitability and globalisation.
The increasing commercialisation of football teams has attracted numerous investors, who have
acquired significant stakes in these institutions, injecting capital and facilitating their access to
external financing. This phenomenon, coupled with intense competition within the industry, has
led several sports teams to opt for a stock exchange listing as a strategy to strengthen their
financial stability. In other words, the main reason is to raise capital. By selling shares to the
public, football teams can raise funds for the acquisition of top players, the improvement or
construction of infrastructure (such as stadiums and training centres), the reduction of
accumulated debt and the global expansion of their brand by investing in marketing or
academies in other countries
La autorregulación empresarial voluntaria asociada al desarrollo sostenible y la rendición de cuentas corporativa en dicho ámbito: el caso de la integración de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible
No full text134 p.Esta Tesis Doctoral examina la relación entre las empresas, la globalización y el desarrollo sostenible, centrándose en el papel de la rendición de cuentas y la autorregulación empresarial. El objetivo central de la Tesis analiza cómo las empresas adoptan herramientas de autorregulación, como los informes de sostenibilidad, para alinearse con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la ONU, y cómo estas prácticas afectan su comportamiento real en términos de sostenibilidad. El trabajo también aborda el fenómeno del "decoupling" organizativo, que se produce cuando existe una desconexión entre las políticas adoptadas y su implementación práctica, lo que puede resultar en prácticas superficiales de sostenibilidad.A través del análisis de las memorias de sostenibilidad y la transparencia en la divulgación de información, la investigación busca evaluar el verdadero compromiso de las empresas con el desarrollo sostenible y su impacto real en la mejora de los resultados medioambientales y sociale
Smartphones through children's eyes: perceived benefits and educational considerations
No full textIntroduction Smartphones have become central to everyday life, especially among children and adolescents. While they provide opportunities for communication, learning, and entertainment, growing concerns persist regarding their association with negative outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and reduced social and cognitive development. Despite the prevalence of these concerns, children's own perspectives are often overlooked in debates about smartphone regulation and education.Methods This mixed-methods study involved a total of 642 children from the Basque Country. Data collection combined quantitative and qualitative approaches to explore children's perceptions of smartphone use. Participants shared their experiences and opinions through structured questionnaires and open-ended responses, allowing for both statistical analysis and thematic exploration.Results Children identified four main benefits of smartphone use: (1) maintaining social connections and contacting parents in emergencies, (2) accessing information, (3) reducing boredom, and (4) engaging in multimedia entertainment. Ownership status influenced perceived benefits: those with personal devices highlighted communication and academic uses, while those using parents' devices focused on entertainment. The study also examined the role of smartphone education in schools and family discussions, revealing significant correlations with children's reported benefits.Discussion Findings underscore the importance of incorporating children's voices into digital policy and educational strategies. The study highlights the need for early digital education programs that promote balanced and responsible use. Additionally, it identifies boredom as a potentially constructive driver for creative and emotional development. Adopting a child-centered framework for understanding smartphone use can foster more effective and empathetic approaches to digital wellbeing.The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. This research was funded by KideOn Research Group of the Basque Government (REf.: IT1475-22)