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Amatasun eta aitatasun bajen parekatzea: lan-berdintasunean duten eraginari buruzko azterketa
No full text[eus] Espainian eta Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan (EAE) amatasun- eta aitatasun-bajen baimenak berdintzeak lege-aldaketa nabarmena ekarri du, lan- eta familia-eremuan genero-berdintasun handiagoa bilatzeari dagokionez. Gradu Amaierako Lan honen helburua neurri horrek egiturazko desberdintasunen murrizketan duen eragina aztertzea da. Horretarako, alde batetik, soldata-arrakalarekin, kontziliazioarekin, lanaren sexu-banaketarekin edo kristalezko sabaiarekin lotutako funtsezko kontzeptuak eta aurretiazko azterlanak biltzen dituen testuinguru teoriko bat eskaintzen da. Bestetik, azterketa praktikoa egiten da automobilgintzaren sektoreko emakume langileei elkarrizketak eginez, lan-adierazle ofizialen miaketa sakonarekin konbinatuta. Ikuspegi misto horrek, guraso-baimenen parekatzeak zaintza modu bidezkoagoan banatzen lagundu duen eta emakumeen lan-ibilbidean benetako ondorioak izan dituen balioesteko aukera ematen du, bereziki tradizionalki maskulinizatuta egon diren sektoreetan. Era berean, lortutako emaitzei esker, neurri horrek eragin eraginkorrik izan duen ala ez hausnartu ahal izango da, eta ea beharrezkoa den haren eraginkortasuna eta benetako berdintasuna sustatzen duten politika osagarriak ezartzeko beharra ikertzen jarraitzea.[spa] La equiparación de los permisos de baja por maternidad y paternidad en España y en el País Vasco ha supuesto un cambio legal sustancial en la búsqueda de una mayor igualdad de género en el ámbito laboral y familiar. El objetivo de este Trabajo Fin de Grado es analizar el impacto de esta medida en la reducción de las desigualdades estructurales. Para ello, por un lado, se ofrece un contexto teórico que incluye conceptos fundamentales y estudios previos relacionados con la brecha salarial, la conciliación, la división sexual del trabajo o el techo de cristal. Por otro lado, se realiza un análisis práctico mediante entrevistas a mujeres trabajadoras del sector de la automoción, combinado con un exhaustivo rastreo de indicadores laborales oficiales. Este enfoque mixto permite valorar si la equiparación de los permisos parentales ha contribuido a una distribución más equitativa del cuidado y ha tenido consecuencias reales en la carrera laboral de las mujeres, especialmente en sectores tradicionalmente masculinizados. Asimismo, los resultados obtenidos permitirán reflexionar sobre si esta medida ha tenido o no un impacto efectivo y si es necesario seguir investigando sobre la necesidad de implementar políticas complementarias que promuevan su eficacia y su igualdad real.[eng] The equalisation of maternity and paternity leave in Spain and in the Basque Country has meant a substantial legal change in the search for greater gender equality in the labour and family spheres. The aim of this Final Degree Project is to analyse the impact of this measure on the reduction of structural inequalities. To this end, on the one hand, a theoretical context is provided, including fundamental concepts and previous studies related to the wage gap, work-life balance, the sexual division of labour and the glass ceiling. On the other hand, a practical analysis is carried out by means of interviews with women workers in the automotive sector, combined with an exhaustive tracking of official labour indicators. This mixed approach makes it possible to assess whether the equalisation of parental leave has contributed to a more equitable distribution of care and has had real consequences on women's careers, especially in traditionally male-dominated sectors. Likewise, the results obtained will allow us to reflect on whether or not this measure has had an effective impact and whether further research is needed on the need to implement complementary policies that promote its effectiveness and real equality
Software M code for exploring virus dynamics in multi-species systems
No full textIn recent decades, the global expansion of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) aquaculture, driven by its adaptability and rapid growth, has coincided with the emergence of novel microvariants (vars) of the virulent Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1), causing significant industry losses. As a potential alternative, the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica) demonstrates lower susceptibility to 4OsHV-1. This study developed a transmission model for OsHV-1 in mixed oyster aquaculture systems, focusing on the impact of C. virginica introductions on transmission dynamics within established C. gigas systems. The model considers oyster growth, mortality, filtration, viral particle release, and environmental decay. Simulations, including monoculture and co-culture scenarios (10/90, 40/60, 50/50 proportions), were validated against experimental data. Results indicated that introducing C. virginica did not impede OsHV-1 progression; even in the 90/10 system, C. gigas mortality reached its maximum, albeit delayed by approximately 10 days. Co-culture scenarios did not provide a significant advantage for C. gigas, likely due to viral particle saturation in the water column. The model’s performance across diverse scenarios positions it as a valuable tool for understanding waterborne pathogen dynamics in mixed host-species systems, supporting investigations into aquaculture species introductions and their influence on disease dynamics
TDP-43ren funtzio-galerari lotutako alterazioak metabolismo energetiko eta lipidikoan: mekanismo ez-neuronalen inplikazioak Alboko Esklerosi Amiotrofikoan
No full texttesis en castellano 207 p.
tesia euskeraz 175 h.La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa caracterizada por la pérdida progresiva de motoneuronas (MNs) superiores e inferiores, lo que conduce a parálisis y fallo respiratorio. Un rasgo patológico clave de la ELA es la proteinopatía TDP-43, que implica la pérdida de función nuclear y la agregación citoplasmática. TDP-43 (codificada por TARDBP) desempeña un papel crucial en el metabolismo del ARN, la formación de gránulos de estrés y la homeostasis energética, incluido el metabolismo lipídico. Dado que las MNs tienen una alta demanda energética, dependen de los astrocitos y el músculo esquelético para el soporte metabólico. Esta tesis investiga el impacto del silenciamiento de TARDBP en astrocitos primarios y humanos, así como en una línea celular de músculo esquelético humano, centrándose en el metabolismo energético y lipídico. Mediante un enfoque multidisciplinar, identificamos una disfunción metabólica generalizada. Los astrocitos deficientes en TDP-43 muestran glucólisis deteriorada y disfunción mitocondrial, asociada con una reducción en la oxidación de ácidos grasos (FAO) y activación crónica de AMPK, sin lograr restaurar el equilibrio energético celular. Además, la retención defectuosa de intrones en ACADVL en astrocitos y mioblastos compromete la FAO, lo que lleva a la acumulación de lípidos y alteraciones en la síntesis de fosfolípidos. De manera destacada, la inducción farmacológica de la FAO mediante la inhibición de ACC2 mejoró la capacidad miogénica en mioblastos silenciados para TDP-43, aunque los mecanismos subyacentes siguen sin estar claros. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la disfunción metabólica y la lipotoxicidad contribuyen a la toxicidad no autónoma de las MNs en la ELA, destacando la homeostasis lipídica como un posible objetivo terapéutic
From separation to relation: The rights of nature vs. nature's contribution to people
No full textMvdHO and AHS would like to acknowledge the support by the Mar\u00EDa de Maeztu Unit of Excellence 2023-2027 Ref. CEX2021-001201-M, Basque Government through the BERC 2022-2025 programme at BC3. This work was also made possible through the Global Campus of Human Rights Internship Programme supporting MvdHO. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We would like to thank Julia Neidig, Andressa Mansur, and Violeta Cabello for their insights contributing to this piece
Évolution et relation entre l'occupation du sol et le lit actif de la rivière au cours du dernier demi-siècle dans le bassin de l'Ebre
No full textConference PosterThe EbroHydromorph project aims to study the morphological changes of the middle Ebro river (between Logroño and La Zaida) in recent decades, and sediment transport in particular. In a first phase, a historical study of land use changes in the Ebro river basin draining to the end point of the study section is being carried out, with the aim of finding out how this has affected the hydrogeomorphological conditions of the river courses. The elaboration of the cartography of the mid-20th century has been a laborious task carried out by digitising the uses and completing it with some of the maps already drawn up previously in some areas of the studied basin. Land use cover of the mid-20th century have been reconstructed and compared with those available in the 2014 land use mapping, analysing in greater detail the modification of the active channel surfaces of the entire basin, as an indicator of the changes in flow and sediment inputs. The preliminary results show a drastic reduction of active channel surfaces, while forest, artificial and grassland areas have increased.Le projet EbroHydromorph vise à étudier les changements morphologiques du cours moyen de l'Ebre (entre Logroño et La Zaida) au cours des dernières décennies, et en particulier le transport des sédiments. Dans une première phase, une étude historique des changements d'occupation des dans le bassin de l'Ebre drainant le point final de la section d'étude est réalisé, dans le but de découvrir comment cela a affecté les conditions hydrogéomorphologiques des cours d'eau. L'élaboration de la cartographie du milieu du 20ème siècle a été un travail laborieux réalisé en numérisant les usages et en la complétant avec certaines des cartes déjà établies antérieurement dans certaines zones du bassin étudié. Les occupations de sols du milieu du 20ème siècle ont été reconstruites et comparées à celles disponibles dans la cartographie de l'utilisation du sol de 2014, en analysant plus en détail la modification des surfaces des chenaux actifs de l'ensemble du bassin, en tant qu'indicateur des changements dans les flux et les apports de sédiments. Les résultats préliminaires montrent une réduction drastique des surfaces de chenaux actifs, tandis que les zones forestières, artificielles et de prairies ont augmenté.Proyecto PID2022-138196OB-C32 “The Ebro Sediment Observatory (OSE): hydro-geomorphological adjustments in response to
human-induced impacts. Implications for flooding risks and sediment management (EbroHydroMorph)” financiado por el Ministerio de Innovación, Ciencia y Universidade
Methodology for modeling and correcting the effects of extension cables for measurements in low voltage grids in the 1.1-10 MHz frequency band
No full textThe characterization of the grid access impedance, the Non-Intentional Emissions (NIEs) and the attenuation of the Low Voltage (LV) distribution grid is a major factor to be considered for the development of Power Line Communications (PLC) systems. Often, the measurement systems used for this characterization require the placement of extension cables to reach connection points, which greatly affect the results obtained in the MHz frequency range. This paper provides a new methodology for modelling and correcting the effects of the extension cables needed by measurement systems for online impedance measurements from 1.1 to 10 MHz. The proposed methodology has been applied to four different extension cables, assessing its accuracy, and it has been validated against online LV grid access impedance measurements. The results show that there is a great improvement in the error obtained with the proposed methodology over others previously presented
The response of inclusive schools to the needs of children exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences
No full textThis research seeks to explore the bidirectional adaptation of the educational
community in schools that take in children at risk and who have suffered ACE.
On the one hand, it describes the psychological adjustment of children at risk to
the school context. On the other hand, it reports on the school’s response to the
needs of these children. Three public primary schools characterized by social and
school segregation participated in this study. Participants included 25 primary
education professionals and 144 third- and fourth-year primary school children,
from diverse cultural backgrounds. Data collection techniques consisted of
participant observation, semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The
analysis revealed the following five themes: (1) emotional instability of students;
(2) the crisis of authority questions the place of the teacher; (3) difficulties in good
teaching practices; (4) grouping and segregation of students; and (5) need for
other material and human resources on the part of teachers. Findings suggest the
need to develop comprehensive and systemic lines of research and intervention
that take into account both the individual characteristics of children and the
social factors that characterize schools. In addition, the fundamental role played
by inclusive schools in addressing the rights of these most vulnerable children
and ensuring their well-being is highlighted
The legal treatment of individuals deemed not criminally responsible due to mental disorder: an international comparative review
No full text[ES] El presente trabajo analiza el tratamiento legal de las personas inimputables por
razón de trastorno mental en el ordenamiento jurídico español, con el objetivo de
realizar una comparación crítica con los modelos adoptados en otros países. A través de
un enfoque multidisciplinar, se examinan los fundamentos normativos, los criterios
clínicos de inimputabilidad conforme al DSM-5 y la CIE-11, así como la
implementación práctica de las medidas de seguridad. La investigación incluye una
revisión histórica, el análisis empírico de la situación en España y una comparación
internacional centrada en Alemania, Francia, Italia, Reino Unido, Canadá, Estados
Unidos, Noruega y Suiza.[EU] Lan honek Espainiako ordenamendu juridikoan nahasmendu mentalarengatik
egotzi ezin diren pertsonen lege-tratamendua aztertzen du, beste herrialde batzuetan
hartutako ereduekiko konparazio kritikoa egiteko. Diziplina anitzeko ikuspegi baten
bidez, arau-oinarriak, egozezintasun-irizpide klinikoak (DSM-5 eta CIE-11ren arabera)
eta segurtasun-neurrien ezarpen praktikoa aztertzen dira. Ikerketan, berrikuspen
historiko bat, Espainiako egoeraren analisi enpirikoa eta nazioarteko konparazio bat
sartzen dira, Alemania, Frantzia, Italia, Erresuma Batua, Kanada, Estatu Batuak,
Norvegia eta Suitza ardatz hartuta.[EN]This study analyses the legal treatment of individuals found not criminally
responsible due to mental disorder within the Spanish legal system, with the aim of
conducting a critical comparison with the models adopted in other countries. Through a
multidisciplinary approach, it examines the normative foundations, the clinical criteria
for criminal irresponsibility according to the DSM-5 and ICD-11, and the practical
implementation of security measures. The research includes a historical review, an
empirical analysis of the Spanish context, and an international comparison focused on
Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States, Norway, and
Switzerland
Desarrollo de un nuevo material de Matriz extracelular de tejido adiposo humano descelularizado: soporte poroso 3d para la diferenciación adipogénica in vitro e in vivo de celulas madre de la pulpa dental humana
No full text297 p.La obesidad es uno de los principales problemas de salud a nivel global, con un impacto significativo en la esperanza de vida y fuertes repercusiones económicas y sociales. Aunque su investigación y tratamiento son indispensables, el desarrollo de modelos fisiológicos tridimensionales de tejido adiposo humano sigue siendo limitado y costoso. Por ello, la búsqueda de modelos 3D más accesibles y personaliza bles, tanto para la investigación como para aplicaciones clínicas, continúa en expansión.En esta Tesis Doctoral, se ha desarrollado un modelo in vitro de tejido adiposo a partir de un material de matriz extracelular obtenido por descelularización de tejido adiposo humano y células madre extraídas de la pulpa dental de terceros modelares de origen humano. Ambos componentes, la matriz extracelular y las células madre de pulpa dental, constituyen residuos biológicos de operaciones quirúrgicas y, por lo tanto, provienen de una fuente abundante y relativamente fácil de obtener. Para la obtención de la matriz extracelular, se ha desarrollado y optimizado un protocolo de descelularización de tejido adiposo humano, que ha permitido obtener un material de matriz extracelular completa, procesado como soporte poroso para el cultivo celular. La producción y caracterización fisicoquímica de estos soportes, junto con una formulación que incorpora colágeno tipo 1, ha permitido cultivar células madre de pulpa dental y favorecer su diferenciación a adipocitos, tanto in vitro como en un modelo murino in vivo, sin generar respuesta inmunológica de rechazo tras su implantación.Los resultados obtenidos en esta Tesis Doctoral pueden representar un avance en diferentes campos como en la investigación de los procesos fisiológicos del tejido adiposo y sus estados fisiopatológicos (ej. la obesidad), en el desarrollo de nuevos fármacos, en la investigación y diseño de nuevos biomateriales como soportes o andamios y en tratamientos que puedan favorecer la regeneración de tejidos in viv
Electrophysiological correlates of meaning-based attentional guidance mechanism as a function of cognitive loads in visual search for words
No full textPublished on 27 September, 2025.This study investigates the impact of foveal and task-related cognitive loads on meaning-based attentional guidance during visual search for words. Participants searched for words through successive three-words displays while their electroencephalogram was recorded. In target-absent trials, displays contained a central word and two parafoveal words: one distractor semantically-related to the target and one unrelated distractor. To manipulate the task-related cognitive load, participants either searched for specific words either provided beforehand (literal task) or defined only by their semantic category (categorical task). The foveal load was manipulated by varying both the lexical frequency and the semantic-relatedness with the targets of the centered word in the three-words displays. Results indicated that in the literal task, when cognitive load was low, parafoveal distractor words semantically-related to the target triggered faster attentional responses as reflected in increased P2a amplitude, while increasing foveal load delayed parafoveal semantic processing, as shown by N3 and N400 modulations. In contrast, the categorical task, characterized by higher task-related cognitive demands, showed limited evidence of parafoveal semantic processing. Rather, word processing seemed to be focused on deeper processing of central words, as evidenced by N400 variations. Altogether, this work contributes to understanding the interplay between semantic and attentional mechanisms in visual search, highlighting the influence of cognitive resources on visual word processing. Moreover, the findings suggest that covert and overt attention may follow distinct temporal dynamics in parafoveal semantic processing, underscoring the importance of considering task demands and spatial factors when comparing visual search and reading.Julien Dampuré was supported by a Postdoctoral fellowship (N° 2013.60.0019) from the Direction Générale de l’Armement (DGA, French Ministry of Defense), supervised by Didier Bazalgette. Experiments were performed at the University of La Laguna (Spain). Horacio A. Barber was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant PID2020-118487GB-I00)