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Análisis de la adecuación de las empresas de telecomunicaciones del IBEX35 al proyecto de ley de información empresarial sobre sostenibilidad
No full textEn este trabajo, analizaremos la adecuación de las empresas de telecomunicaciones pertenecientes al IBEX 35
al Proyecto de Ley de información sobre sostenibilidad. Para ello, en primer lugar, realizaremos una
aproximación al tema, abordando el concepto de sostenibilidad, así como el de la responsabilidad social
corporativa. Posteriormente, analizaremos la evolución normativa relacionada con la presentación de
información en materia de sostenibilidad. Explicaremos las Normas Europeas de Presentación de Información
sobre Sostenibilidad (NEIS), las cuales pasarán a ser las normas de referencia para todas las empresas obligadas,
y realizaremos un estudio empírico para ver cómo de preparadas están ciertas empresas —a nivel social— a las
exigencias de dichas norma
Characterization and monitoring of changes during lactation in the profile of multiple bioactive compounds of milk from grazing mares
No full textBACKGROUND
Mare milk has often been considered a food product with potential functional properties. However, the bioactive compound composition of mare milk, including vitamins and other minor bioactive compounds, as well as factors affecting this composition have scarcely been studied. Therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the changes during lactation in the content of water- and fat-soluble vitamins and total polyphenols, and the total antioxidant capacity of mare milk from semi-extensive farms. A total of 310 individual milk samples from 18 mares belonging to three commercial farms and 12 lactation times were analyzed. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), thiamine (vitamin B1), riboflavin (vitamin B2), nicotinic acid and niacinamide (vitamins B3), pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), pyridoxal and pyridoxine (vitamins B6), folic acid (vitamin B9), cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12), tocopherols and tocotrienols (vitamin E) and retinol and retinyl esters (vitamin A) were quantified using liquid chromatography. Total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity assays were analyzed using spectrophotometry.
RESULTS
The concentration of most bioactive compounds tended to decline as lactation progressed, with the exception of polyphenols and the total antioxidant capacity that oscillated during lactation. On the other hand, the effect of the different semi-extensive management of the farms was only significant for vitamin B3 content.
CONCLUSION
To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the most in-depth description of the vitamin profile of mare milk as well as new insights into polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of mare milk.The Department of Education of the Basque Government is acknowledged for the predoctoral fellowship granted to AB-D. The authors thank the technical and human support provided by SGIker UPV/EHU (Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain) and the commercial farms that participated in the study. This work was supported by the Basque Government through Biotasma (Elkartek, 2019), Behor Esne (Cooperation, 2020) and IT-944-16 and IT1568-22 projects
Cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 prevents scopolamine-induced impairment of spatial memory in rats
No full textEl sistema endocannabinoide está implicado en diversos procesos, como el aprendizaje y la memoria, regulados por la neurotransmisión colinérgica. Investigaciones recientes demuestran que, en un modelo de demencia en ratas derivado de la degeneración colinérgica del prosencéfalo basal, el WIN55,212-2, un potente agonista de los receptores cannabinoides, mejora la cognición mediante el aumento de los niveles de colina cortical. Sin embargo, el efecto de los cannabinoides sobre los déficits colinérgicos aún está en investigación. En este trabajo, estudiamos el efecto de este tratamiento en un modelo farmacológico de hipofunción colinérgica transitoria en ratas, inducido por la administración aguda del antagonista muscarínico escopolamina (2 mg/kg), mediante pruebas de memoria espacial, de reconocimiento y aversiva. Se observó que la escopolamina inducía un deterioro de la memoria en las tres pruebas y, de forma importante, el tratamiento cannabinoide subcrónico con bajas dosis de WIN55,212-2 (0.5 mg/kg) previno este efecto perjudicial sobre la memoria espacial cuando se evaluó mediante la prueba del laberinto de Barnes. Estudios autoradiográficos indican que, tras el tratamiento con WIN55,212-2, la densidad de receptores cannabinoides aumentó en las cortezas motora y somatosensorial. En las capas I-V de la corteza motora, también aumentó la actividad de los receptores cannabinoides y muscarínicos. Estos resultados sugieren que el WIN55,212-2, a través de la activación de los receptores cannabinoides, eleva indirectamente el tono muscarínico en áreas corticales clave para el aprendizaje y la memoria, previniendo los déficits de memoria inducidos por la escopolamina, específicamente en la memoria espacial. Esto resalta la importancia de la interacción entre el sistema endocannabinoide y el sistema colinérgico en los procesos de aprendizaje y memoria, y sugiere que los agonistas cannabinoides podrían ser una alternativa para el tratamiento de los déficits cognitivos asociados con la disfunción colinérgica.This research was financially supported by grants from the Basque Government to the “Neurochemistry and Neurodegeneration” consolidated research group (IT975-16 and IT1454-22 to R.R-P), by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by European Regional Development Fund “A way to make Europe” (PI20/00153 to R.R-P) and by BIOEF funded by Eitb Maratoia (BIO22/ALZ/010 to R.R-P). I.B.d.T was the recipient of an Investigo fellowship funded by the European Union Next Generation. G.P-C was the recipient of a University of the Basque Country predoctoral fellowship. J.M-G. was the recipient of a postdoctoral program at the University of the Basque Country
Influence of the manufacturing strategy on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Invar 36 alloy parts manufactured by CMT-WAAM
No full textThe influence of the manufacturing strategy of Invar 36 alloy parts manufactured by Directed Energy Deposition by Arc (DED-Arc) also known as wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) using cold metal transfer (CMT) technology has been investigated. This study focuses on the influence of applying different deposition strategies on the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties. As manufacturing costs and time are critical issues which determine the business case in WAAM applications, it is important to use the smallest possible amount of feedstock material. Therefore, different manufacturing strategies are used to obtain the variable wall thicknesses required for each part preform using WAAM as a manufacturing route. Differences in manufacturing temperature and thermal history due to different deposition strategies have been recorded. Deep microstructural analysis in as-built condition revealed that granular alignment and the crystallographic texture obtained differ between deposition strategies studied. This is the reason why there are differences in the mechanical properties, such as yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and hardness, of the different strategies analyzed. The results revealed that the higher strength is obtained in three overlapped weld beads for the walls (514 and 581 MPa in building direction and perpendicular direction, respectively), compared to single weld bead wall (481 and 489 MPa), circular single weld bead wall (460 and 484 MPa), and meandering weld bead wall (467 and 439 MPa). The opposite is true for elongation, which is a typical correlation between strength and ductility in Fe-based alloys, having the highest elongation in the meandering weld bead wall (26 and 30%) and circular single weld bead (30 and 27%) compared to single weld bead wall (27 and 23%) and three overlapped weld bead wall (23 and 20%). It can therefore be concluded that an Invar 36 alloy part manufactured by CMT-WAAM with different strategies will have different mechanical properties, having a difference in ultimate tensile strength of 54 MPa and 142 MPa, and in elongation of 7% and 10% in building direction and perpendicular direction, respectively, between the most and the least resistant zone.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research work was supported by the Basque Government (Departamento de Desarrollo Económico e Infraestructuras, Programa ELKARTEK) through the REIMAGIN project (grant KK-2023/00096). And financed by the CDTI and the European Union—NextGenerationEU and supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación within the project “MADISON—MANUFACTURA ADITIVA, DIGITALIAZACIÓN Y SOSTENIBILIDAD”, approved within the framework of the call “Programa Cervera para Centros Tecnológicos 2023″ with Grant Agreement EXP—00163686 / CER-20231012”
Intensity and changes in grandparental caregiving: Exploring the link to loneliness in Europe
No full textThis study investigates the impact of the overall intensity and changes in grandparental caregiving on loneliness in grandparents in European countries. Data from waves 5 to 8 of the Survey on Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were used (Nindividuals = 30,896 and Nobservations = 48,562). We included grandparents (aged 50 years and over) with at least one grandchild at the beginning of the study. The analyses reveal that any intensity of grandparental care decreases the risk of loneliness. When looking at changes in grandparental care the results show that stable caregiving roles appeared to reduce loneliness, while starting to provide grandparental care makes grandparents more vulnerable to loneliness. In conclusion, our findings underscore that consistent grandparental care is important for grandparents in mitigating loneliness, highlighting the importance of sustained caregiving roles over fluctuations in caregiving intensity.Open Access funding provided by University of the Basque Country (Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea-UPV/EHU). The first author also is grateful for the financial support of the Department of Education, University and Research of the Basque Government, through the pre-doctoral scholarship [PRE_2020_1_0016]; and the EGONLABUR-2023 scholarship for a visiting scholar stays from the same department [EP_2023_1_0020]. The second author acknowledges financial support from The Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia/Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [PID2019-105986GB-C22 and D2021-131763A-100] and from the Department of Education of the Basque Government under research grant [IT-1508-22]
Comparison of Acoustic Parameters of Voice and Speech According to Vowel Type and Suicidal Risk in Adolescents.
No full textSummary: Globally, suicide prevention and understanding suicidal behavior represent significant health
challenges. The predictive potential of voice, speech, and language appears as a promising solution to the
difficulty in assessment.
Objective. To analyze variations in acoustic parameters in voice and speech based on vowel types according to
different levels of suicidal risk among adolescents in a text reading task.
Methodology. Cross-sectional analytical design using nonprobabilistic sampling. Our sample comprised 98
adolescents aged 14 to 19, undergoing voice acoustic assessment, along with suicidal ideation determination
through the Okasha Suicidality Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Acoustic analysis of recordings was
conducted using Praat for phonetic research, Python program, Focusrite interface, and microphone to register
voice and speech acoustic parameters such as Fundamental Frequency, Jitter, and Formants. Subsequently,
data from adolescents with and without suicidal risk were compared.
Results. Significant differences were observed between suicidal and nonsuicidal adolescents in several acoustic
aspects, especially in females in fundamental frequency (F0), signal-to-noise ratio (HNRdB), and temporal
variability measured by jitter and standard deviation. In men, differences were found in F0 and HNRdB
(P < 0.05).
Conclusion. This study demonstrated statistically significant variations in various voice acoustic parameters
among adolescents with and without suicidal risk. These findings underscore the potential relevance of voice
and speech as markers for suicidal risk
Reflexiones y desafíos sobre la importancia de la ética en la investigación socioeducativa
No full textEste artículo pretende abordar un trabajo teórico-reflexivo que facilita entender el estado de la cuestión ética en la investigación socioeducativa desde una perspectiva cualitativa. Frente al predominio de las investigaciones cuantitativas en las universidades tanto a nivel internacional como nacional, apostamos por una investigación cualitativa desde las Pedagogías Críticas. De esta manera se entiende que desde la educación e investigación se puede transformar la realidad y un aspecto fundamental de análisis es la cuestión ética. En un primer lugar, se abordarán ideas claves sobre la investigación en el ámbito socioeducativo desde la perspectiva cualitativa en la universidad. En segundo lugar, se analizará la visión histórica de la ética en la investigación socioeducativa. En tercer lugar, se señalarán aspectos éticos claves en la investigación socioeducativa desde la perspectiva cualitativa. En cuarto lugar, se reflexionará sobre la competencia investigadora en la educación incluyendo tanto desafíos como oportunidades a los que nos estamos enfrentando actualmente en las universidades. Retos como la construcción colectiva del conocimiento; la necesidad de considerar las interseccionalidades de género, raza, clase social, etc.; el cuidado de todas las personas implicadas en los procesos de investigación. En conclusión, se destaca la relevancia política y ética de todo proceso de investigación socioeducativa. Es fundamental mantener la reflexión sobre esta cuestión en relación con la construcción de un modelo participativo que priorice el cuidado de las personas involucradas
Tracing emotional experiences and the well-being during the pandemic through drawings by Spanish children
No full textThe changes in emotions experienced during the pandemic and their effects on children's well-being remain a significant issue. This study analyses 86 drawings created by children aged 5–13, collected in fieldwork conducted through workshops across various regions of Spain. The main objective was to describe how children portray their emotional changes and the resulting impact on their lives within the context of the pandemic. We employed qualitative bottom-up logic to code the drawings using CAQDAS. Findings revealed a discernible emotional impact, expressed more explicitly by girls, as well as lasting elements concerning the pandemic and the enduring restrictions on social interactions, even beyond the widespread lockdowns of 2020.INFAPOST project is financed by Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-MICIU (Grant REF: PID2020-119011RB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBUA
Las cláusulas de paz en la negociación colectiva reciente: ¿una revitalización limitativa de la acción sindical y restrictiva de derechos individuales?
No full textPeace clauses have traditionally been an instrument with little practical utility in our collective bargaining system, since they were linked to the exercise of the right to strike, and to the scope of action of novatory strikes, which are prohibited by law. However, trade union action is currently being rethought beyond the strike, and the revitalization of other collective conflict measures raises the question of whether the temporary limitation of the exercise of such measures can be included in labor peace agreements. This expansion of the scope of application of peace clauses makes it necessary to reflect on what rights are exercised in conflict measures other than strikes and who are the parties bound by the aforementioned clauses, in order to determine the lawfulness of their waiver, as well as the possible infringement of individual rights in this way below.; Las cláusulas de paz han sido, tradicionalmente, un instrumento con poca virtualidad práctica en nuestro sistema de negociación colectiva, ya que se vinculaban al ejercicio del derecho de huelga, y al ámbito de acción de las huelgas novatorias, prohibidas por la ley. Sin embargo, en la actualidad la acción sindical se está replanteando más allá de la huelga, y la revitalización de otras medidas de conflicto colectivo abre el interrogante de si la limitación temporal del ejercicio de aquellas puede quedar incluida en los acuerdos de paz laboral. Esta expansión del ámbito de aplicación de las cláusulas de paz obliga a una reflexión sobre qué derechos se ejercen en las medidas de conflicto distintas a la huelga y quiénes son los sujetos obligados por las citadas cláusulas, para poder determinar la licitud de su renuncia, así como la eventual afectación de derechos individuales por esta vía.; Bake-klausulak, tradizionalki, birtualtasun praktiko gutxiko tresna izan dira gure negoziazio kolektiboko sisteman, greba-eskubidea gauzatzearekin eta legeak debekatutako greba berrien ekintza-eremuarekin lotzen baitziren. Hala ere, gaur egun ekintza sindikala grebaz harago birplanteatzen ari da, eta gatazka kolektiboko beste neurri batzuk biziberritzeak galdera bat sortzen du: neurri horien erabilera aldi baterako mugatzea lan-bakeari buruzko akordioetan sar ote daitekeen. Bake-klausulen aplikazio-eremuaren hedapen horren ondorioz, gogoeta egin behar da grebarekin zerikusirik ez duten gatazka-neurrietan zein eskubide egikaritzen diren eta zein diren aipatutako klausulek behartutako subjektuak, horiei uko egitea zilegi den edo ez erabaki ahal izateko, bai eta norbanakoen eskubideei bide horretatik eragin dakiekeen ere
El papel de la Europa Social en el socialismo español, 1978-1992
No full textEste trabajo analiza la relación entre el proyecto político de la Europa Social, diseñado para reequilibrar los efectos netamente económicos del mercado común, y el socialismo español durante la consolidación democrática y el posterior período de europeización del Estado del bienestar en España. La idea principal es que el PSOE y UGT recibieron influencias de dos fases diferentes de la Europa Social, lo cual determinó sus divergentes posturas respecto a las consecuencias de la integración europea en la política social de España. Dicho choque también influyó, pero de manera indirecta, en la tensión del diálogo social que se experimentó en 1988 y 1992 debido a las dos primeras huelgas generales y a la separación entre partido y sindicato