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Paziente pediatrikoen ebakuntza aurreko antsietatea murrizteko esku-hartze ez farmakologikoen eraginkortasunaren azterketa.
No full text[EU]Sarrera: Antsietatea beldurra, kezka edo ondoezaren aurrean agertzen den erantzun emozionala da. Ebakuntza-aurreko momentuetan haurren antsietatea garrantzitsua da ongizate emozionalean eta ondorengo sendaketa-prozesuan eragiten duelako. Orokorrean, antsietatea murrizteko farmakoak lehenesten dira, baina esku-hartze ez farmakologikoak ere eraginkorrak izan daitezke. Metodo ez farmakologikoei buruz ezagutza eta ikerketa zabaltzeko beharra dago.
• Helburuak: Helburu nagusia 0-16 urteko haurren ebakuntza aurreko eremuan antsietate-maila gutxitzeko esku-hartze ez farmakologikoen eragina aztertzea da.
• Metodologia: Bilaketa sistematikoa 2024ko abendutik 2025ko otsailera egin zen. Ikerketa galdera PIO egiturarekin erantzun da. Egindako bilaketa estrategia, identifikatutako DeCS eta MeSH deskriptoreak eragile boolearrekin konbinatuz, PubMed, Dialnet, Cochrane eta BVS datu-baseetan burutu da. Ezarritako irizpideak aplikatuz, berrikuspenari erantzuna emateko emaitzak lortu dira.
• Emaitzak: Aztertutako esku-hartzeei dagokionez, musika eta ibilgailu-elektrikoak ez dira eraginkorrak, baina beste guztiak (errealitate birtuala, komiki eta liburuak, animazioa, irudi gidatuak, bideoak, tablet computer-ak, marrazketa, joko interaktiboak eta garraiatzeko bagoia) bai. Esku-hartze hauek anestesia uneko umeen parte-hartzea eta gurasoen eta gogobetetze-maila handitu eta ebakuntza osteko delirium-a eta gurasoen antsietatea murriztu zuten. Bukatzeko, antsietate-mailan eragina zuten faktoreak haurren adina, haurren aurreko esperientzia kirurgikoa eta gurasoen ezagutza izan ziren.
• Eztabaida: Aztertutako 19 artikulutatik 16k esku-hartze ez farmakologikoen eraginkortasuna baieztatu zuten. Ikerketa gehienak 3-12 urtekoentzat zuzendu dira. Ez dira 13-16 urtekoentzako ikerketarik aurkitu. Horrek zaildu egiten du ondorio orokorrak ezartzea. Metodo batzuei buruzko artikulu kopuru baxuak eta metodologiako desberdintasunak konparazio zehatzak zailtzen dituzte. Etorkizunean, metodo bakoitzaren eragina haurren garapen-etapen arabera aztertu behar dira, teknika hauen aplikazio praktikoa eta baliabideen antolaketarekin batera.
• Ondorioak: Metodo ez farmakologikoek antsietatea murrizten dute, musika eta ibilgailu-elektrikoak izan ezik. mYPAS eskala antsietate-maila neurtzeko eraginkorrena da. Esku-hartzeek haurren lankidetzan, ebakuntza osteko delirium-ean eta gurasoen antsietate- eta gogobetetze-mailan eragin positiboa dute. Etorkizunean, 13-16 urteko haurrei zuzendutako ikerketa gehiago behar da.
• Hitz-gakoak: Ebakuntza-aurreko antsietatea, Antsietate pediatrikoa, Esku-hartze ez farmakologikoak.[EN]Background: Anxiety is an emotional response to fear, worry or discomfort. In children undergoing surgery, anxiety is an important issue, as it affects their emotional well-being and the recovery process. Generally, Pharmacological treatments are prioritized over non-pharmacological interventions, highlighting the need for further research and knowledge on alternative methods.
• Objective: The main objective is to analyse the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in reducing preoperative anxiety in patients aged 0-16 years.
• Methods: The systematic search was conducted from December 2024 to February 2025. The PIO framework guided the research question. The search strategy, combining DeCS and MeSH descriptors with Boolean operators, was used in PubMed, Dialnet, Cochrane and BVS databases. After applying the established criteria, relevant results were obtained for the review.
• Results: Regarding the interventions analyzed, music and electric vehicles did not demonstrate effectiveness, whereas all others (virtual reality, comics and books, animation, guided imagery, videos, tablet computers, drawing, interactive games, and transportation wagons) did. Additionally, these interventions increased children's participation during anesthesia, improved parental satisfaction, and reduced postoperative delirium and parental anxiety. Factors influencing anxiety levels included the child's age, previous surgical experience, and parental knowledge.
• Discussion: Of the 19 articles analyzed, 16 confirmed non-pharmacological interventions’ effectiveness. Most studies focused on children aged 3-12, with no results for those aged 13-16 making general conclusions difficult. The limited number of studies on certain methods and methodological differences hinder precise comparisons. Future research should assess each method´s impact according to developmental stage and examine practical application and resource management.
• Conclusions: Non-pharmacological methods reduce anxiety, except for music and electric vehicles. The mYPAS scale is the most effective for measuring anxiety. Additionally, these interventions positively impact children's cooperation, postoperative delirium, and parental anxiety and satisfaction. More studies are needed on 13-16-years-old.
• Keywords: Preoperative anxiety, Pediatric anxiety, non-pharmacological intervention
La bola de cristal: cómo un espacio infantil de la televisión pública se convirtió en un programa de culto
No full textEl programa de TVE “La bola de cristal” (1984-1988) fue un espacio transgresor aún recordado por varias generaciones de espectadores. Mediante un análisis de contenido, un estudio de audiencias y la realización de entrevistas, se observa cómo un programa semanal emitido en una franja de escaso consumo televisivo llegó más allá del público infantil al que inicialmente se dirigía. Ello se explica por el contexto histórico y político de España a mediados de los 80, la línea ideológica del programa, su vinculación con la corriente musical y artística del momento, y la propia figura de su creadora y su equipo.; TVE’s show “La bola de cristal” (1984-1988) was a transgressor programme still remembered by several generations of viewers. Through a content analysis, an audience study and several interviews, it is observed how a weekly programme, broadcast in a low television consumption time slot, reached beyond the children's audience to which it was initially targeted. This is explained by the historical and political context of Spain in the mid-80s, the programme´s ideological line, its connection with the musical and artistic trends of those years, and the figure of its creator and her team
Relating proprioceptive embodiment to body dissatisfaction in anorexia and bulimia patients: effect of visual body images.
No full textEating disorders (ED) are associated with a maladaptive body schema and several cognitive biases. This pilot study aimed to investigate the effect of visual stimulation by body images on maladaptive body schema and body dissatisfaction in patients with ED. The rubber hand illusion (RHI) was applied to a sample of 33 women with anorexia or bulimia nervosa and 27 control subjects. The RHI was administered in a novel way using a standard-sized hand that had been distorted in appearance (perceived as unsatisfactory), and it was used before and after an ad hoc priming effect (exposure to thin-body media images). In accordance with the maladaptive body schema, ED patients exhibited higher scores on the Body Shape and Body Perception Questionnaires (with a positive correlation between the scores) and there was a significant increase in scores for all items in the location-proprioception and agency domains. However, before the priming effect, the ED sample showed significantly lower scores on all proprioceptive drift items during the distorted RHI condition and the regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between reduced proprioceptive drift (recording a similar embodiment index to healthy subjects) and improved body dissatisfaction. Following the priming effect, the proprioceptive drift embodiment index increased, and no ANOVA interaction was recorded. The maladaptive body schema in patients with bulimia or anorexia nervosa is characterised by both distorted proprioception and high interoceptive awareness. The visual body images that are perceived as unsatisfactory play a role in preserving proprioception and consequently in reducing body dissatisfaction. Conversely, the exposure effect of thin-body ideal images is involved in the maladaptive body schema.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature
Configuración de un sistema de visión neuromórfica desde una plataforma Linux
No full textLa ingeniería neuromórfica es una disciplina que persigue la creación de dispositivos electrónicos que imiten el funcionamiento de los cerebros y, en general, de los sistemas nerviosos biológicos, para un más eficiente procesamiento de la información. En el caso de la visión neuromórfica, esta se basa en los denominados sensores de visión por eventos, cuyos píxeles generan señales únicamente cuando se detectan variaciones en la luz incidente, tal y como ocurre con las células fotosensoras de los ojos en el reino animal. De esta forma, al contrario de lo que ocurre en las cámaras convencionales, estos sensores evitan capturar fotogramas completos a intervalos prefijados, por lo que transmiten únicamente información nueva y relevante en el instante en que esta se produce, evitando la redundancia en el procesamiento de la información y aumentando la velocidad de respuesta, y posibilitando así el desarrollo de sistemas de visión más eficientes. Este cambio de paradigma requiere, sin embargo, del desarrollo de nuevos sistemas de adquisición y procesamiento de datos que reemplacen a los ya existentes para los sistemas de visión convencionales. Así, en Ikerlan se está prototipando en un MPSoC una interfaz digital de procesamiento de datos obtenidos de sensores de visión por eventos, compuesta por varios núcleos de propiedad intelectual. Estos núcleos de procesamiento constan de un conjunto de parámetros programables que permiten configurar su funcionamiento, por lo que se requería un sistema integrado que habilitara esta funcionalidad. En este trabajo se describe el desarrollo de una solución completa para la configuración sencilla del conjunto de parámetros de este nuevo procesador, de manera que se facilite la realización de pruebas y verificación de sistemas de visión basados en este prototipo. La solución consiste en una aplicación gráfica y un conjunto de controladores programados para su ejecución sobre una distribución Linux personalizada, habiéndose automatizado además la generación de imágenes de esta distribución junto con los módulos desarrollados para su ejecución sobre el MPSoC
Network and Radial Layouts for Visual Representation of Knowledge Graphs for Cultural Heritage Conservation-Restoration Activities
No full text[ES] El texto analiza opciones de visualización espacial de un grafo de conocimiento relativo a las actividades de conservación-restauración de un elemento patrimonial. Este grafo está estructurado en tres conjuntos de nodos que indican, respectivamente: (1) la realidad material, (2) las acciones de conservación-restauración realizadas y (3) el archivo documental. Para su representación se parte de una primera versión en forma de red, a partir de la cual se propone una representación de tipo radial en la que se aprovechan las particiones que se generan entre los diferentes tipos de nodos. Seguidamente, se comparan ambas opciones viendo su complementariedad y los usos específicos que pueden desarrollarse de forma preferente con cada una de ellas. El examen visual se amplía mediante la codificación del grafo a través de su matriz de adyacencia y sus potencias, lo que permite mostrar caminos de cualquier longitud, que pueden ser considerados en análisis de mayor profundidad.[EN] This study analyses the spatial arrangement of a knowledge graph documenting conservation-restoration activities of cultural heritage, presented in the case of the monastery of San Millán de la Cogolla (Spain). The graph consists of three groups of nodes, concerning: (1) the physical reality, (2) conducted actions of conservation-restoration and (3) documentary archive. The goal is to explore how tailored spatial layouts can reveal beneficial links for decision-making, and how the analysis of the established paths helps to verify which relevant questions can be managed by the graph. The methodology involves comparing an initial network representation with a radial layout, assessing their complementarity and respective advantages. A novel contribution is that the visual inspection is extended by means of the adjacency matrix, which allows counting all possible paths of any length between nodes, and thus permitting more in-depth analyses about the number of indirect relationships and their meanings. The study highlights the benefits of combining different spatial layouts and computational analyses, integrating the multifaceted nature of graphs (communicative, semantical, and mathematical)
Análisis del discurso público y la toxicidad en X: el caso de la atleta transgénero Lia Thomas
No full textLa inclusión de atletas transgénero en los deportes ha recibido una gran atención pública, especialmente en casos como el de Lia Thomas, la primera atleta trans en ganar un título de natación de la Asociación Nacional Deportiva Universitaria (NCAA) en Estados Unidos. Este estudio examina el discurso en X (anteriormente Twitter) sobre la participación de Thomas mediante un análisis de contenido de los tuits más compartidos. Se investiga la prevalencia de la toxicidad y el discurso de odio en los comentarios utilizando herramientas como Google Perspective API y Hatebase, evaluando su rendimiento y fiabilidad en comparación con la clasificación humana realizada por los investigadores. Analizando el tono y contenido de las publicaciones, esta investigación busca comprender el sentimiento público y las implicaciones más amplias de estas discusiones en las redes sociales. Los hallazgos ofrecen información sobre la percepción en línea de los atletas trans, el apoyo u oposición que enfrentan y el papel de las plataformas de redes sociales en la formación de la opinión pública sobre este tema controvertido
Los efectos de la intervención legal sobre el trabajo a distancia en la negociación colectiva: enseñanzas y errores
No full textEl trabajo a distancia en España obtuvo un incremento considerable a consecuencia de la crisis sanitaria del COVID-19. Por ende, el legislador aprobó la Ley 10/2021 sobre el trabajo a distancia para regular de manera más exhaustiva esta modalidad de trabajo. No obstante, dicha regulación hace numerosas llamadas a la negociación colectiva para que ésta pueda completar sus lagunas. A pesar de que estas remisiones puedan ser favorables en cuanto a la flexibilidad de regular en cada sector o actividad, con este trabajo se puede observar que fueron escasos los convenios colectivos que desarrollaron esta materia en el ámbito superior de la empresa en 2022
Indirect causatives in Basque: The syntax of implicit causees
No full textArtikuluaIn Basque there is a morphological causative construction where the causative suffix is added to the verbal root and an additional argument—the causer—is added to the already existing ones. In this paper we analyze indirect causatives (ICs), that is, morphological causative constructions where the causee—the caused-to-act subject—is left implicit, with no morphological reflex. Our analysis argues that both causative constructions, the direct and the indirect ones, involve a Voice-over-Voice projection and discusses its consequences for Case and Agreement. Additionally, we explore the nature of the implicit causee, and claim that it is syntactically projected as a strong implicit argument but with deficient φ-features. In these respects, it is similar to the impersonal subject found in Basque. Nevertheless, it differs in one key aspect: the causee is projected in a phrase with its own probe, resulting in distinct behavior concerning the PCC. This paper contributes to the discussion on the different versions of Voice, the syntactic nature of implicit arguments and how they interact in different constructions like causatives and impersonals.Eusko Jaurlaritza (IT439-22) eta Zientzia, Berrikuntza eta Unibertsitateetako Ministerioa (PID2023-147383NB-I00)
Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Relations Between Early Rise Time Discrimination Abilities and Pre-School Pre-Reading Assessments: The Seeds of Literacy Are Sown in Infancy
No full textPublished on 19th September 2025.Background/Objectives: The Seeds of Literacy project has followed infants at family risk for dyslexia (FR group) and infants not at family risk (NFR group) since the age of 5 months, exploring whether infant measures of auditory sensitivity and phonological skills are related to later reading achievement. Here, we retrospectively assessed relations between infant performance on a rise time discrimination task with new pre-reading behavioural measures administered at 60 months. In addition, we re-classified dyslexia risk at 60 months and again assessed relations to rise time sensitivity. Participants were re-grouped using the pre-reading behavioural measures as either dyslexia risk at 60 months (60mDR) or no dyslexia risk (60mNDR). Methods: FR and NFR children (44 English-learning children) completed assessments of rise time discrimination at 10 and/or 60 months, phonological awareness, phonological memory, rapid automatised naming (RAN), letter knowledge, and language skills (receptive vocabulary and grammatical awareness). Results: Longitudinal analyses showed significant time-lagged correlations between rise time sensitivity at 10 months and both RAN and letter knowledge at 60 months. Rise time sensitivity at 60 months was significantly poorer in those children re-grouped as 60mDR, and rise time sensitivity was significantly related to concurrent phonological awareness, RAN, letter knowledge, and receptive vocabulary, but not to tests of grammatical awareness. Conclusions: The data support the view that children’s rise time sensitivity is significantly related to their pre-reading phonological abilities. These findings are discussed in terms of Temporal Sampling theory.This research was supported by the Australian Research Council grant DP110105123, ‘The SEEDS OF LITERACY in infancy: Empirical specification of the acoustic determinants of language acquisition’, to the 2nd and 3rd authors. The 1st author’s work is supported by the Basque Government through the BERC 2022–2025 program and by the Spanish State Research Agency through BCBL Severo Ochoa excellence accreditation CEX2020-001010/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and a Ramon y Cajal research fellowship, RYC2018-024284-I
Associations of birth size with BMI trajectories and fluctuation across adolescence and adulthood: A longitudinal study of two Finnish twin cohorts
No full textIntroduction: The influence of intrauterine conditions on later weight gain remains unclear. We examined the associations of birth size characteristics (weight, length, and ponderal index (PI)) with body mass index (BMI) trajectories and fluctuation in adolescence and adulthood using a twin design, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental factors.
Data and methods: Data from two Finnish twin cohorts including 9850 twin individuals (48 % males) were used. Weight and length or height were measured at birth and at different ages during adolescence and adulthood (11.5-37 years in FinnTwin12; 16-34 years in FinnTwin16). BMI trajectories across different stages of adolescence and adulthood were calculated as the difference in BMI divided by the time elapsed between measurements. BMI fluctuation was assessed as the variance of BMI trajectories at each stage. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations of birth size characteristics with BMI trajectories and fluctuation in adolescence and adulthood. Interactions between baseline BMI and birth characteristics were assessed. Within-pair analysis was performed to assess whether the identified associations persist while controlling for genetic effects.
Results: BMI trajectories during early adolescence were positively associated with birth PI and negatively with birth weight and length. BMI trajectories during middle adolescence were positively associated with birth length and negatively with birth weight. PI showed a negative association with BMI trajectories in late adolescence. Moreover, BMI fluctuation in adulthood was negatively associated with birth weight and length. No significant interactions were found between birth size characteristics and baseline BMI in explaining BMI trajectories and fluctuation at different stages of adolescence and adulthood. Among the identified associations, none remained significant in within-pair analysis.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that birth size has a long-term influence on BMI development. However, these associations may not be due to the intrauterine environment but may rather indicate the role of shared genetic factors.AO, KS and JK have been supported by the BETTER4U project, which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe Research and Innovation programme under Grant Agreement n° 101080117, by UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government's Horizon Europe funding guarantee (grant number 10093560 for QMUL and 10106435 for BiB) and from the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI). Views and opinions expressed are, however, those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union. Phenotype and genotype data collection in the twin cohort has been supported by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, the Broad Institute, ENGAGE – European Network for Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology, FP7-HEALTH-F4–2007, grant agreement number 201413, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (grants AA-12502, AA-00145, and AA-09203 to R J Rose; AA15416 and K02AA018755 to D M Dick; and AA015416 to Jessica Salvatore) and the Academy of Finland (grants 100499, 205585, 118555, 141054, 264146 and 308248 to J Kaprio). J Kaprio acknowledges support by the Academy of Finland (grants 265240, 263278) and by the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in Complex Disease Genetics (grants 312073, 336823 and 352792)