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Ariketa fisikoa eta dieta: dismenorrea tratatzeko zutabe
No full text54 p. -- Bibliogr.: p. 27-32Dismenorreak hileko mingarriari erreferentzia egiten dio. OMEk dismenorrea primario, bigarren mailakoa eta ez espezifikoa bezala adierazi zuen. Etiologia anitzeko gaitz hau, nahaste ginekologiko ohikoena da ugaltze adineko emakumeetan. Sintomatologiari dagokionez, inpaktu fisiko, psikologiko eta bizi kalitatean eragina duela ikusi da eta baita ere absentismo eta lan/eskola-errendimendua
txikitzearekin erlazionatu da. Tratamendu aukerak tratamendu farmakologikoan oinarrituta daude eta ikerketa gutxi dira bestelako tratamenduei buruz hitz egiten dutenak
Evolución de la industria siderúrgica en Bizkaia: Industrialización, desindustrialización y globalización
No full text[spa] Este trabajo analiza la evolución del sector siderometalúrgico en Bizkaia desde
mediados del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad. Se estudian cuatro etapas principales del
transcurso de este sector a lo largo de ese periodo: el éxito inicial de la industrialización
en el siglo XIX y principios del XX, impulsado por factores geográficos, recursos
naturales, capital inversor y un ecosistema empresarial dinámico; el mantenimiento del
sector durante la autarquía y el desarrollismo franquista; el colapso industrial entre 1970
y 1990, que deja a la luz las debilidades estructurales del modelo productivo tradicional;
y, finalmente, el proceso de reconversión productiva, centrado en la innovación, la
internacionalización y la especialización en nichos tecnológicos. Se destaca la forma en
que la siderurgia vizcaína ha logrado transformarse, a raíz de la crisis industrial, de un
modelo intensivo en mano de obra y producción a un sector moderno, innovador y
competitivo, que a su vez ha logrado adaptarse a los desafíos de la globalización, la
liberalización del mercado y las evoluciones tecnológicas, donde encontramos
actualmente empresas líderes a nivel mundial dentro de sus respectivos nichos en
nuestra región.[eus] Lan honek Bizkaiko altzairu sektorearen bilakaera aztertzen du XIX. mendearen
erdialdetik gaur egunera arte. Sektore honen garapenaren lau etapa nagusi aztertzen
ditu: industrializazioaren hasierako arrakasta XIX. eta XX. mendearen hasieran, faktore
geografikoek, baliabide naturalek, inbertsio kapitalak eta negozio ekosistema dinamiko
batek bultzatuta; sektorearen iraunkortasuna Francoren autarkia eta desarrollismo
garaian; 1970 eta 1990 arteko industria kolapsoa, ekoizpen eredu tradizionalaren
ahulezia estrukturalak agerian utzi zituena; eta, azkenik, berrikuntzan, nazioartekotzean
eta nitxo teknologikoetan espezializatzean oinarritutako birmoldaketa produktiboaren
prozesua. Ikerketak azpimarratzen du nola Bizkaiko altzairu industriak, industria
krisiaren ondoren, lan eta ekoizpen intentsiboko eredu batetik sektore moderno,
berritzaile eta lehiakor batera eraldatzea lortu duen. Sektore honek globalizazioaren,
merkatuen liberalizazioaren eta garapen teknologikoen erronkei egokitzea ere lortu du,
non gaur egun gure eskualdean beren nitxoetan mundu mailako enpresa liderrak
aurkitzen ditugun.[eng] This paper analyzes the evolution of the steel sector in Bizkaia from the mid-19th century
to the present day. It examines four main stages of this sector's development over this
period: the initial success of industrialization in the 19th and early 20th centuries, driven
by geographic factors, natural resources, investment capital, and a dynamic business
ecosystem; the continued existence of the sector during Franco's autarky and
developmentalism; the industrial collapse between 1970 and 1990, which exposed the
structural weaknesses of the traditional production model; and, finally, the process of
productive reconversion, focused on innovation, internationalization, and specialization
in technological niches. The study highlights how the Biscayan steel industry has
managed to transform itself, in the wake of the industrial crisis, from a labor- and
production-intensive model to a modern, innovative, and competitive sector. This sector
has also managed to adapt to the challenges of globalization, market liberalization, and
technological developments, where we currently find world-leading companies within
their respective niches in our region
MDLR, el "efecto Rosalía" y la Joia: el mundo Trap y el marketing.
No full text[spa] Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado pretende indagar en las relaciones complejas y bidireccionales
entre el marketing y las subculturas a través del caso de la música en la subcultura trap. Así,
mientras que por un lado, el marketing se alimenta de estas expresiones culturales para
diseñar estrategias efectivas y generar oportunidades de negocio; por otro lado, con su acción,
el propio marketing moldea, reconfigura y mercantiliza las manifestaciones culturales del
mundo trap lo que, en muchos casos, desvirtúa su autenticidad. El caso del trap ilustra
claramente este fenómeno: una manifestación cultural, nacida de la marginalidad y la crítica
social que, al integrarse en la lógica de la cultura de masas, pierde parte de su esencia para
convertirse en un producto comercial orientado al “consumo rápido” de productos culturales
por parte de públicos amplios. Este proceso fomenta al mismo tiempo un consumo
aspiracional que impacta especialmente en jóvenes; moldeando valores, identidades y
conductas que pueden contribuir a normalizar estilos de vida problemáticos. De ahí surge la
necesidad de reflexionar sobre los límites éticos del marketing y sobre la responsabilidad
social de artistas, convertidos en iconos culturales, a la hora de transmitir valores más
críticos, auténticos y sostenibles[eng] This Final Degree Project seeks to examine the complex and bidirectional relationships
between marketing and subcultures through the case of music within the trap subculture. On
the one hand, marketing draws from these cultural expressions to design effective strategies
and generate business opportunities; on the other hand, through its actions, marketing itself
shapes, reconfigures, and commodifies the cultural manifestations of the trap world, which in
many cases undermines their authenticity. The case of trap clearly illustrates this
phenomenon: a cultural expression born out of marginality and social critique that, once
integrated into the logic of mass culture, loses part of its essence and becomes a commercial
product aimed at the “fast consumption” of cultural goods by broad audiences. At the same
time, this process fosters aspirational consumption that particularly impacts young people,
shaping values, identities, and behaviors that may contribute to the normalization of
problematic lifestyles. This gives rise to the need to reflect on the ethical boundaries of
marketing and on the social responsibility of artists—turned into cultural icons—when it
comes to transmitting more critical, authentic, and sustainable values
Enpresen kolusio esplizitu eta ezkutuen akordioak: merkatuetan eredu mikroekonomikoen azterketa eta politikak
No full textLan honek enpresen arteko kolusio esplizitu eta ezkutua aztertzen du ikuspegi mikroekonomikotik, bereziki oligopolio merkatuetan. Kolusioaren jasangarritasuna baldintzatzen duten faktoreak modelizatzen dira, hala nola enpresa kopurua, sarrera-hesiak edo eskariaren bilakaera. Horrez gain, kartel kasu errealak eta politika publikoen eraginkortasuna aztertzen dira, Europa eta AEBetako legediak kontuan hartuta. Azkenik, kolusioaren inpaktua Garapen Jasangarrirako Helburuekin lotzen da, gizarte bidezkoago baterako oztopo gisa ulertuta
New synthetic saponin adjuvants and self-adjuvanting conjugate vaccines
No full text869 p.The research presented in this Ph.D. thesis addresses the synthesis of novel QS-21-based saponins and their multidisciplinary evaluation, providing fundamental insights into structure¿activity relationships (SAR). As one of the most promising carbohydrate-based adjuvants, QS-21 has demonstrated unique potency in boosting immune responses. Challenges such as scarcity, structural complexity, and hydrolytic instability of the natural source have been overcome over the past decade, leading to the development of simplified synthetic lead saponins. Continuing through the application of synthetic organic chemistry, more specifically, carbohydrate chemistry, these lead saponins have been further improved. The exploration of streamlined synthetic approaches using commercially available carbohydrates has validated the identity of the linear oligosaccharide domain through immunological and computational studies. Moreover, modifications of the triterpene domain, originally considered stationary and unmodifiable, have paved the way for enhanced activity, leading to a new generation of QS-21-based synthetic saponins. Beyond this, these modifications of the triterpene domain, combined with the well-established conjugatable amino acyl chain, has enabled the development of novel antigen-conjugated adjuvants, paving the way for future applications in cancer immunotherapy with self-adjuvanting vaccines
Arrautza-oskolen erabilgarritasuna betegarri gisa polipropilenoaren propietateak hobetzeko
No full text[EU] Lan honetan arraultza-oskolen (AO) erabilgarritasuna aztertu da polipropilenoarentzako (PP) errefortzu gisa. Horretarako, hainbat PP/AO konposite prestatu dira urtuko prozesaketa bidez – AO eduki eta AO partikula tamaina desberdinekin –, eta AO edukiak eta partikula tamainak haien propietate mekaniko, termiko eta morfologikoetan duen eragina aztertu da. PP/AO konpositeen Young-en modulua AO edukiarekin batera handitzen da. Isurpenarekiko erresistentzia murriztu egiten da AO eduki handietan. Haustura-deformazioa eta, ondorioz, haustura tentsioa ere jaitsi egiten dira AO edukiarekin. Talka erresistentziaren kasuan ez da aldaketa esanguratsurik antzematen. AO partikulen tamainari dagokionez, ez da haren eragin nabarmenik antzeman PP/AO konpositeen moduluan, isurpenarekiko erresistentzian eta talkarekiko erresistentzian, baina harikortasuna eta, ondorioz, haustura tentsioa murriztu egiten dira AO partikulen tamaina handitu ahala. Orokorrean, AO partikula tamaina txikienek emaitza hobeak eskaintzen dituzte, bereziki konpositearen harikortasunean. Bestalde, AO partikulek nukleatzaile gisa jokatzen dute PP matrizean, PP-ren kristaltze tenperaturaren (Tc) igoera eraginez, baina ez dute eraginik konpositeen gainerako propietate termikoetan. Azkenik, SEM-aren bidez PP eta AO arteko interfasea txarra dela ikusi da, tentsio transferentzia oztopatuz eta, ondorioz, propietate mekanikoen hobekuntza mugatuz.[EN] In this work the usefulness of eggshells (ES) has been studied as a reinforcement for polypropylene (PP). To this end, a number of PP/ES composites have been prepared by melting compounding — with different ES contents and ES particle sizes —, and the influence of both the ES content and the particle size has been studied on their
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mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. The PP/ES composites’ Young’s modulus increases along with the ES content. Yield strength decreases at high ES contents, while strain at break and, consequently, stress at break decrease with the ES content. In the case of impact strength, no significant changes are observed. Regarding the effect of the size of the ES particles, no significant effects have been detected on the PP/ES composite modulus, yield strength and on impact strength, but ductility and, consequently, stress at break decreases as the size of ES particles increases. In general, smaller ES particle sizes offer better results, especially regarding the ductility of the composites. On the other hand, ES particles act as nucleating agents in the PP matrix, causing an increase in the crystallization temperature (Tc) of PP, but do not significantly affect the other thermal properties of the composites. Finally, the interaction between PP and ES has been found to be bad through SEM, which hinders the stress transfer between the phases, thereby limiting the improvement of mechanical properties
Mecanismos celulares no neuronales de patología TDP-43 y su propagación en la ELA: nuevas perspectivas a partir de modelos de Drosophila Melanogaster
No full text236 p.La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa caracterizada por la pérdida progresiva de neuronas motoras. Aunque tradicionalmente el origen de la enfermedad se ha asociado a este tipo de neuronas, diferentes estudios muestran que otros tipos celulares que forman parte de la unión neuromuscular, como las células gliales y el músculo, también desempeñan un papel clave en su origen y desarrollo.En la presente tesis doctoral se han utilizado modelos de Drosophila melanogaster para analizar el impacto de dos proteínas clave relacionadas con el desarrollo de la ELA, TDP-43 y FUS, cuando se alteran funcionalmente en los distintos tipos celulares de la unión neuromuscular: motoneurona, músculo y glía.El análisis fenotípico-funcional de estos modelos nos ha permitido seleccionar aquellos que reproducen de forma más precisa características de la enfermedad en humanos. A partir del estudio de estos modelos, este trabajo propone nuevas estrategias terapéuticas dirigidas al tratamiento de la ELA y abre nuevas vías para el desarrollo de enfoques centrados en el papel de las células no neuronales en enfermedades neurodegenerativas
Orígenes del modo de producción capitalista
No full text[spa] Este trabajo hace una revisión historiográfica de los principales debates en
torno a los orígenes del modo de producción capitalista. Para ello, trata de
estudiar la especificidad histórica del modo de producción capitalista para
poder comprender su forma. A su vez, se aleja de visiones que naturalizan la
economía de mercado y no entienden el carácter concreto de este modo de
producción. Por lo tanto la economía debería de retomar el análisis histórico
para descubrir las razones concretas por las que la sociedad se desarrolló de
un modo capitalista y las implicaciones que ello tiene.[eus] Lan honek ekoizpen kapitalistaren jatorriari buruzko eztabaida nagusien
berrikuspen historiografikoa egiten du. Horretarako, ekoizpen modu
kapitalistaren espezifikotasun historikoa aztertzen saiatzen da, bere forma
ulertu ahal izateko. Era berean, merkatu-ekonomia naturalizatzen duten
ikuspegietatik urruntzen da, hauek ez baitute ulertzen ekoizpen-modu horren
izaera zehatza. Beraz, ekonomiak analisi historikoa berrartu beharko zuen,
gizartea modu kapitalistan garatzeko arrazoi zehatzak eta horrek dituen
inplikazioak ulertzeko.[eng] This paper makes a historiographic review of the main debates on the origins of
the capitalist mode of production. To this end, it attempts to study the historical
specificity of the capitalist mode of production in order to understand its form. At
the same time, it distances itself from visions that naturalize the market
economy and do not understand the concrete character of this mode of
production. Therefore, economics should take up the historical analysis to
discover the concrete reasons why society developed in a capitalist way and the
implications that this has
Assembling agencies on a website: interactions among language, sports and knowledge
No full textIn this article we reflect on the process used to create the website euskarakirolkide. eus, which emerged from an ethnographic study involving youth sports in the Basque Autonomous Community. The website documents some of the strategies used by sports clubs to promote the use of the Basque language not only within the clubs but also in the wider context of neighborhood and city, illustrating how the clubs serve as language agents by giving voice, body and materiality to their prac- tices. The euskarakirolkide.eus website also details and exhibits the careful research process undertaken and the complex interplay between the material and relational elements involved. We argue that the website’s dual function—a showcase for the sociolinguistic work done by the clubs and a vehicle for the generation of knowl- edge—transforms it into a methodological-epistemological tool that has agency. Euskarakirolkide.eus shows the linguistic work done by the clubs, respecting their ways of understanding and managing the languages, while also proposing a partici- patory ethnography model that is attuned to the needs of the context in which it is applied. In this sense, the webpage emerges as an assemblage, that is, a power and agency which seeks, through doing-together, to promote a sociolinguistics that is concerned with the survival of a minoritized language like Basque.EquiLing-Basque subproject (PID2019-105676RB-C42/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033), funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
Atomistic ab initio study of optical excitations in nanoplasmonic systems as probed by light and fast electrons
No full text223 p.This thesis presents theoretical and numerical investigations of light¿matter interactions at the nanoscale within an atomistic ab initio framework. The goals set forth in the thesis encompass describing how atomistic effects at the nano- and pico-scales manifest themselves in the optical response of canonical nanoplasmonic systems when probed with light or fast electrons. The specific systems studied in the thesis are (i) a hybrid system consisting of a dimer of silver clusters coupled to an organic molecule in the strong coupling regime; (ii) isolated sodium nanoparticles probed by fast electrons in electron energy loss spectroscopy; and (iii) self-assembled monolayers of organic molecules on gold surfaces. These systems are respectively explored through the analysis of the signal from absorption optical spectroscopy (i), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (ii), and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (iii). The optical response of the aforementioned configurations is computed with different density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent variant (TDDFT) atomistic codes, which allows for accurately capturing how aspects of the microscopic scale influence the overall spectral signal. These simulations, whose main aim is to account for atomistic and quantum effects, are supplemented by classical models to provide further qualitative understanding, and by an extensive theoretical background and appendices explaining the relevant concepts and technique