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Integración de información lingüística y conocimiento externo para la simplificación automática de textos
No full text122 p.La simplificación automática de textos (ATS) es muy importante en el mundo actual donde el acceso a la información es masivo, pero muchos textos, como artículos científicos o documentos legales, presentan una complejidad que los hace inaccesibles para lectores con niveles de comprensión diversos. El problema principal que se presenta al momento de simplificar textos radica en cómo hacer que estos sean más claros y comprensibles sin perder el significado original. Para tratar esta problemática en esta tesis se plantean dos objetivos, la creación de sistemas neuronales seq2seq avanzados de ATS y la evaluación de los resultados dados por estos sistemas. Se desarrollaron dos sistemas principales, el primero Edit+synt, que integra información sintáctica a un sistema de edición de palabras al cuál se le agregó una capa de red convolucional de grafos que utiliza árboles de dependencias para representar las relaciones estructurales dentro de las oraciones complejas, dotando así al modelo de una representación explícita de la sintaxis. El segundo es el sistema NC-TS, basado en el canal ruidoso, en lugar de generar directamente la mejor simplificación a partir de una oración compleja, este sistema evalúa varias posibilidades y las clasifica utilizando tres probabilidades: la probabilidad de generar la oración compleja a partir de la simplificada (canal ruidoso), la probabilidad de la oración simplificada (modelo de lenguaje), y la probabilidad de la simplificación según el modelo seq2seq original (modelo directo). De esta forma, el sistema reorganiza las posibles simplificaciones generadas por el modelo BART para seleccionar la más adecuada. Los resultados muestran que ambos sistemas superan a sistemas tradicionales en métricas como SARI y BLEU. La evaluación, realizada con listas de verificación lingüística, revela mejoras significativas en fluidez, simplicidad y preservación del significado. En conclusión, esta investigación contribuye al avance del campo de la simplificación automática de textos, especialmente en lenguas con menos atención, como el español, proponiendo enfoques novedosos de ATS que combinan edición e integración de información externa
CRYSTALS-Dilithium post-quantum cyber-secure SoC for wired communications in critical systems
No full textCritical systems in the energy industry and aerospace are the backbone of modern society and national defense. These systems are becoming heterogeneous computing and networking infrastructures composed of Edge located, Fog, and Cloud control devices. Strict coordination and reliable networking are required to orchestrate the tasks and actions controlled by multiple devices. The well-known Ethernet standard for inter and intra sub-system networking is evolving to Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN). Regarding the security at the link level in this networking, the industry has selected MACsec as the technology to protect hard-real time traffic, in general and TSN, in particular. The extensive application of TSN will intersect with the post-quantum attack landscape in the future. As a result, it becomes imperative to conduct research on security solutions capable of effectively addressing these emerging threats. A quantum attack represents a novel and significant threat to network security. And, to operate MACsec in a post-quantum scenario, it is necessary to analyze the cipher suites for symmetric and asymmetric cryptography and used in MACsec (standard IEEE 802.1AE) and MKA (IEEE 802.1X). In the Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization process, The National Institute of Standards and Technology has selected for public-key encryption and key-establishment algorithm CRYSTALS–KYBER. Additionally, the selected digital signature algorithms for standardization include CRYSTALS-Dilithium. This work contributes with a novel concept-proof semiconductor implementation that fulfill the requirements in terms of power-consumption, resources utilization and PQC security level for Industrial IoT applications. The presented research analyzes the resources required by a high-performance CRYSTALS-Dilithium implementation on IIoT SoC devices. Firstly, the architecture and implementation of RTL-based CRYSTALS-Dilithium IP are presented and discussed. Secondly, a System-on-Chip semiconductor device composed of a RISC-V CPU subsystem and the CRYSTALS-Dilithium IP is developed in the scope of this research as a concept-prof to evaluate the viability of integrating PQC on resource-constrained devices for IIoT
Multilingualism protects against accelerated aging in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of 27 European countries
No full textPublished 10th November, 2025.Aging trajectories are influenced by modifiable risk factors, and prior evidence has hinted that multilingualism may have protective potential. However, reliance on suboptimal health markers, small samples, inadequate confounder control and a focus on clinical cohorts led to mixed findings and limited applicability to healthy populations. Here, we developed biobehavioral age gaps, quantifying delayed or accelerated aging in 86,149 participants across 27 European countries. National surveys provided individual-level positive (functional ability, education, cognition) and adverse (cardiometabolic conditions, female sex, sensory impairments) factors, while country-level multilingualism served as an aggregate exposure. Biobehavioral factors predicted age (R2 = 0.24, r = 0.49, root mean squared error = 8.61), with positive factors linked to delayed aging and adverse factors to accelerated aging. Multilingualism emerged as a protective factor in cross-sectional (odds ratio = 0.46) and longitudinal (relative risk = 0.70) analyses, whereas monolingualism increased risk of accelerated aging (odds ratio = 2.11; relative risk = 1.43). Effects persisted after adjusting for linguistic, physical, social and sociopolitical exposomes. These results underscore the protective role of multilingualism and its broad applicability for global health initiatives.L.A. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under the program Ramón y Cajal (RYC2022-035514-I). H.H. is supported by Davos Alzheimer’s Collaborative. A.I. is supported by grants from the multi-partner consortium to expand dementia research in Latin America (ReDLat, supported by Fogarty International Center (FIC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institutes of Aging (R01 AG057234, R01 AG075775, R01 AG21051, R01 AG083799, CARDS-NIH), Alzheimer’s Association (SG-20-725707), Rainwater Charitable Foundation – The Bluefield project to cure FTD, and Global Brain Health Institute)); ANID/FONDECYT Regular (1210195 and 1210176 and 1220995); ANID/PIA/ANILLOS ACT210096; FONDEF ID20I10152 and ANID/FONDAP 15150012. A.M.G. is supported by the NIH, National Institutes of Aging (R01 AG075775, R01 AG083799, 2P01AG019724); ANID/FONDECYT Regular (1250317 and 1250091); DICYT-USACH (032351MA); and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (01-PICTE-2022-05-00103). C.D.-A. is supported by ANID/FONDECYT Regular 1210622, ANID/PIA/ANILLOS ACT210096, Alzheimer’s Association (AARGD-24- 1310017), ANID/FOVI240065 and ANID/Proyecto Exploración 13240170. H.S.-G. is supported by NIH R01 (‘Social epigenetics of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias in Latin American countries’, no. 1R01AG082056-01A1), Global Brain Health Institute and Alzheimer Association (‘Brain health in individuals with exposition to high violence in Colombia’, no. GBHI ALZ UK-23-971135”). S.B. is supported by the Global Brain Health Institute, Alzheimer’s Association, Alzheimer’s Society UK and Pilot Awards for Global Brain Health Leaders (grant no. GBHI ALZ UK- 25-1289623). Additionally, research reported in this publication was supported by the Fogarty International Center of the NIH under award number D43TW012455. J.M. and C.C.-O. are supported by postdoctoral fellowships granted by the multi-partner consortium to expand dementia research in Latin America (ReDLat), and the Atlantic Fellows for Equity in Brain Health program. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of these institutions.
he SHARE data collection has been funded by the European Commission, DG RTD through FP5 (QLK6-CT-2001-00360), FP6 (SHARE-I3: RII-CT-2006-062193, COMPARE: CIT5-CT-2005-028857, SHARELIFE: CIT4-CT-2006-028812), FP7 (SHARE-PREP: GA N°211909, SHARE-LEAP: GA N°227822, SHARE M4: GA N°261982, DASISH: GA N°283646) and Horizon 2020 (SHARE-DEV3: GA N°676536, SHARE-COHESION: GA N°870628, SERISS: GA N°654221, SSHOC: GA N°823782, SHARE-COVID19: GA N°101015924) and by DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion through VS 2015/0195, VS 2016/0135, VS 2018/0285, VS 2019/0332, VS 2020/0313, SHARE-EUCOV: GA N°101052589 and EUCOVII: GA N°101102412. Additional funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01UW1301, 01UW1801, 01UW2202), the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science, the US National Institute on Aging (U01_AG09740-13S2, P01_AG005842, P01_AG08291, P30_AG12815, R21_AG025169, Y1-AG-4553-01, IAG_BSR06-11, OGHA_04-064, BSR12-04, R01_AG052527-02, R01_AG056329-02, R01_AG063944, HHSN271201300071C, RAG052527A) and from various national funding sources is gratefully acknowledge
La fotografía en el nuevo documentalismo cubano de los noventa: Lo íntimo es polític
No full textThis article examines the factors that led to the emergence of a new conception of Cuban documentary photography in the 1990s. This shift transformed photography from a tool of official propaganda into a critical practice with a strong political focus, precisely at a time when the regime was facing a deep credibility crisis among the population. A new kind of documentary emergedone that reflected the everyday reality of the Island, markedly different from the ideological foundations of the official narrative. This New Documentary fostered the rise of political resistance and contributed to the evolution of the medium, promoting a significant shift away from traditional documentary forms.; El artículo examina los factores que impulsaron el nacimiento de una nueva concepción de la fotografía documental cubana en los años noventa del siglo pasado. Este cambio transformó la fotografía, que pasó de ser una herramienta de propaganda oficial a convertirse en una práctica crítica con un fuerte enfoque político, justo cuando el régimen atravesaba una profunda crisis de credibilidad entre la población. Así surge un nuevo tipo de documental que refleja la realidad cotidiana de la Isla, muy diferente a las bases ideológicas del relato oficial. Este Nuevo Documentalismo favoreció el despertar de una resistencia política y promovió la evolución del medio, impulsando un cambio significativo frente al documental tradicional.; O artigo examina os fatores que impulsionaram o surgimento de uma nova concepção da fotografia documental cubana nos anos noventa. Essa mudança transformou a fotografia, que deixou de ser uma ferramenta de propaganda oficial para se tornar uma prática crítica com forte enfoque político, justamente quando o regime enfrentava uma profunda crise de credibilidade entre a população. Assim, surgiu um novo tipo de documentarismo que refletia a realidade cotidiana da Ilha, bastante diferente das bases ideológicas do discurso oficial. Esse Novo Documentarismo favoreceu o despertar de uma resistência política e promoveu a evolução do meio, impulsionando uma mudança significativa em relação ao documentário tradicional
Understanding molecular mechanisms driving antibiotic action and ribosome assembly: uncovering targets for anti- infectives
No full text267 p.This thesis investigates two key areas crucial for antibiotic development: the structural characterization of Omadacycline (OMA) and the molecular mechanisms of rRNA methylation. OMA, a third-generation aminomethylcycline, exhibits broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Using single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we determined its structure bound to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit at 2.6 Å resolution. The binding mode reveals that OMA acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor, blocking the A-site, and shows distinct interactions compared to other third-generation tetracyclines like Tigecycline.The second focus is on rRNA methylation in Escherichia coli, specifically the methyltransferases RsmA and RsmB. These enzymes modify rRNA to regulate ribosome assembly. We characterized the RsmA and RsmB complexes using cryo-EM and developed a GFP nanobody pull-down method to enrich the 30S-RsmB complex. Cryo-EM analysis of the ¿RsmB strain revealed significant folding defects in the 30S subunit, underscoring the importance of methylation in ribosome biogenesis. Further analysis of RsmA interactions with the 30S subunit showed that base-flipping of A1518 and A1519 is involved in the methylation process, supporting the base-flipping model for rRNA modification.These findings contribute to our understanding of ribosome function and the role of rRNA modifications in assembly, providing critical insights into antibiotic mechanisms and offering opportunities for developing new antibiotics to combat bacterial infectionsThis doctoral study was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness (MINECO) under the research project CTQ201782222-
Astrocyte metabolic reprogramming and neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis: modulation by CB1 receptors
No full text167 p.In this doctoral thesis, we have investigated the metabolic reprogramming of astrocytes and the astrocytic CB1R impact on neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the context of multiple sclerosis. Under physiological conditions, astrocytes rely primarily on glycolysis and support neuronal energy metabolism through the release of lactate. However, in experimental models of MS we observed that upon activation, astrocytes undergo metabolic changes, characterized by impaired mitochondrial respiration and a concomitant increase in basal glycolysis. Moreover, we found a consistent upregulation of the transporters GLUT-1 and MCT-1 in astrocytes from spinal cord demyelinated lesions of EAE mice, indicating enhanced glycolytic profile in reactive astrocytes. Considering the changes in mitochondrial respiration, we further explored the mitochondrial complexes integrity and assembly, promoting complex I and III disassembly in EAE astrocytes, correlated with decreased respiratory capacity and elevated ROS production. To determine the functional impact of astrocyte metabolism in neuroinflammation, we examined the role of the astrocytic CB1R using astrocyte-specific CB1 KO mice. We found a reduced astrogliosis and a tendency to a preserved mitochondrial respiration due to the higher assembly of complex I and III in the CB1R-KO mice cortex. Notably, these animals exhibited reduced immune infiltration and BBB permeability during acute phases of EAE, associated with lower expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as VEGF-A, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. These findings underscore the central role of CB1 signaling in regulating astrocyte metabolic state and inflammatory potential. Taken all together, these results demonstrate that astrocytic metabolic reprogramming contribute to MS pathogenesis and the modulation of CB1R activity in astrocytes may help to modulate neuroinflammation in M
Ambient pressure high temperature superconductivity in RbPH3 facilitated by ionic anharmonicity
No full textRecent predictions of metastable high-temperature hydride superconductors give hope that superconductivity at ambient conditions is within reach. In this work, we predict RbPH3 as a new compound with a superconducting critical temperature of around 100 K at ambient pressure, dynamically stabilized thanks to ionic quantum anharmonic effects. RbPH3 is thermodynamically stable at 30 GPa in a perovskite phase, allowing its experimental synthesis at moderate pressures far from the megabar regime. With lowering pressure it is expected to transform to a phase that should stay dynamically stable thanks to ionic quantum fluctuations down to ambient pressures. Both phases are metallic, with the phase having three distinct Fermi surfaces, composed mostly of states with phosphorus and hydrogen character. The structures are held together by strong P-H covalent bonds, resembling the pattern observed in the high-temperature superconducting H3S, with extra electrons donated by rubidium. These results demonstrate that ionic quantum fluctuations, neglected thus far in high-throughput calculations, can stabilize ambient pressure hydride superconductors with a high critical temperature.Technical and human support provided by DIPC Supercomputing Center is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge enlightening discussions with the partners of the SuperC collaboration. This work is supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (Grant Agreement No. 802533); the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Grant No. PID2022142861NA-I00); the Department of Education, Universities and Research of the Eusko Jaurlaritza and the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU (Grant No. IT1527-22); the IKUR Strategy under the collaboration agreement between Ikerbasque Foundation and Centro de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC) on behalf of the Department of Science, Universities and Innovation of the Basque Government; and Simons Foundation through the Collaboration on New Frontiers in Superconductivity (Grant No. SFI-MPS-NFS-00006741-10). We acknowledge EuroHPC for granting us access to Lumi located in CSC’s data center in Kajaani, Finland, (Project ID EHPC-REG-2024R01-084) and to RES for giving us access to MareNostrum5, Spain, (Project ID FI-2024-2-0035)
Volkswagen y la crisis del Dieselgate: implicaciones contables, normativas y reputacionales de sus consecuencias
No full textEl escándalo Dieselgate del Grupo Volkswagen en 2015 constituye un caso emblemático que marcó un antes y un después en la relación entre sostenibilidad, responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC, en adelante) y transparencia financiera en el sector automovilístico. Esta crisis afectó profundamente la contabilidad del grupo, especialmente en lo relativo a provisiones, deterioro de activos y presentación de los estados financieros. Este trabajo analiza el caso desde una perspectiva contable y normativa, examinando la aplicación de las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF, en adelante), en las cuentas consolidadas del Grupo, así como las reformas normativas surgidas a raíz del escándalo, como la Directiva de Información Corporativa sobre Sostenibilidad (CSRD, en adelante). Asimismo, se desarrolla un análisis de ratios clave (liquidez, solvencia y rentabilidad) que permiten evidenciar la magnitud de las repercusiones financieras que un fraude de estas características puede tener sobre la estabilidad de una empresa y sobre la percepción de los stakeholders. Finalmente, se aborda la cuestión del greenwashing y se pone en cuestión la ética empresarial y la eficacia real de los mecanismos de control y sostenibilidad
Upside-down sodium ion capacitor: A non-presodiated system based on Na3V2O2(PO4)2F and biomass derived activated carbon
No full textHybrid systems between batteries and supercapacitors are designed to bridge the gap between both technologies, developing high-power, high-energy, and long cycle life energy storage devices. Moreover, in the urgent need to transition to a more sustainable energy model, sodium-based chemistries are an excellent alternative to lithium-based technologies. While various approaches have been tried in Na-ion capacitor (NIC) cell design, the upside-down NIC configuration remains underexplored. This consists of using a Na-containing battery-type cathode instead of an anode, which eliminates problems such as the need for pre-sodiation or Na-plating. This setup also allows the electrolyte concentration to stay stable, with ions exhibiting a rocking-chair motion, ensuring stable ionic conductivity during cycling. However, the potential window of these systems can be limited by the formation of the SEI on the capacitive negative electrode. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to explore the limitations of activated carbon (AC) in upside-down NICs through ex-situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) characterization and comprehensive monitoring of the electrode under various full-cell conditions, thereby assessing how far this configuration can be pushed in terms of energy. The proposed system features a high-rate capability cathode, a Na3V2O2(PO4)2F/C composite prepared via a novel one-step microwave synthesis, which delivers 64 mAh g−1 at 50C. The negative electrode employs a dried olive pits-derived AC with a surface area of 2138 m2 g−1. Together, they enable a full cell achieving up to 69 Wh kg−1 at 19 W kg−1 and 29 Wh kg–1 at 4915 W kg−1, with an impressive capacity retention of 74 % after 10,000 charge-discharge cycles.This work was supported by Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza (project IT1546-22); project PID2023-151153OB-I00 funded by MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF and the European Union; and project TED2021-131517B-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR
Propuesta de intervención socioeducativa para los consejos de la infancia
No full text[ES] Este Trabajo de Fin de Grado presenta una propuesta de intervención socioeducativa no implementada para el Consejo de la Infancia de Bilbao, con el objetivo de promover la participación infantil y el bienestar socioemocional de niños y niñas de quinto y sexto de Educación Primaria de Bilbao. La intervención se diseñó a partir de un diagnóstico previo y se estructuró en cuatro bloques: conocimiento de derechos y necesidades, fortalecimiento emocional, transferencia de aprendizajes al entorno escolar y elaboración de propuestas para la mejora del municipio. Se emplearon metodologías basadas en las actividades del alumnado, en la transmisión de la información, comunitarias y participativas. El diseño buscó promover la reflexión crítica, la creatividad y la corresponsabilidad democrática. Las conclusiones destacan la necesidad de emprender acciones socioeducativas impulsadas por la infancia desde ámbitos públicos para promover entornos mas inclusivos, accesibles y democráticos.[EU] Gradu Amaierako Lan honek Bilboko haurtzaroaren kontseilurako esku-hartze sozioedukatiborako proposamen bat aurkezten du, lehen hezkuntzako bosgarren eta seigarren mailako haurren parte-hartzea eta ongizate sozioemozionala sustatzeko helburuarekin. esku-hartzea aurretik egindako diagnosi batean oinarrituta diseinatu zen eta lau bloketan egitararu zen: eskubide eta beharren ezagutza, indartze emozionala, ikaskuntzen transferentzia eskolako ingurura eta udalerria hobetzeko proposamenen elaborazioa. Ikasleen jardueretan, informazioaren transmisioan, komunitatean eta partaidetzan oinarritutako metodologiak erabili ziren. Diseinuak hausnarketa kritikoa, sormena eta erantzukizun demokratikoa sustatzea bilatu zuen. Ondorioetan azpimarratzen da esparru publikoetatik haurren gidaritzapean esku-hartze sozioedukatiboak garatu behar direla, ingurune inklusiboagoak, eskuragarriagoak eta demokratikoagoak sustatzeko.[EN] This Final Year Project presents a non-implemented socio-educational intervention proposal for the Bilbao Children's Council, aiming to promote child participation and the socio-emotional well-being of fifth and sixth grade primary education students in Bilbao. The intervention was designed based on a prior needs assessment and structured into four blocks: knowledge of rights and needs, emotional strengthening, transfer of learning to the school environment, and proposal development for the improvement of the municipality. For this purpose, methodologies based on student activities, information transmission, community-based and participatory approaches were employed. The design sought to foster critical reflection, creativity, and democratic co-responsibility. The conclusions highlight the need to undertake socio-educational actions driven by children from public spheres to promote more inclusive, accessible, and democratic environment