King Juan Carlos University
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Morphology, development stages, and phylogeny of the Rhabditolaimus ulmi (Nematoda: Diplogastridae), a phoront of the bark beetle Scolytus multistriatus from the elm Ulmus glabra Huds. in Northwest Russia
No full textThe nematode Rhabditolaimus ulmi was found in galleries, adults, and larvae of Scolytus multistriatus, the vector of the Dutch elm disease, in St. Petersburg parks. This nematode co-occurred with Bursaphelenchus ulmophilus, which is another phoretic partner of S. multistriatus. Nematodes were cultured on the fungus Botryotinia fuckeliana in potato sugar agar (PA) and used for morphological analyses of adults, juveniles, eggs, and dauers. Nematode females showed a didelphic female genital tract rather than a monoprodelphic gonad as reported in the original description. Male bursa peloderan, caudal papillae include three preanal pairs and one precloacal unpaired papillae; seven postanal papilla pairs, among which one is pore-like and possibly the phasmid homolog, one subdorsal, and a pair of three closely situated posteriorly at bursa alae. The juvenile stages differ in size and structure of their sexual primordia. Sex of juveniles may be identified from the third stage. The dauer juvenile is a phoretic third juvenile stage (DJ3), which enters and remains localized in the buccal cavity of beetle adults and last-instar larvae and also under the elytra and in the ovipositor's cavity of pupae and imagoes. The first molt J1-J2 occurred inside the eggshell. Adult females laid eggs in early stages of embryonic development or containing molted J2. The propagative non-phoretic J2 inside the egg and J3 have a long and well-developed median bulb. The phoretic dauer DJ3 has a small spherical bulb like the J1 juvenile within the egg. In a sterile fungal culture, the nematodes feed on both mycelium and their unidentified ecto-symbiotic bacteria, located on nematode surface coat and multiplying in PA. Diagnosis and tabular key to the Rhabditolaimus species are given. Phylogenetic analysis of the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA gene sequences resulted in the Bayesian consensus tree with the highly supported clade of the Rhabditolaimus species
Imágenes de lo propio: mediaciones, disputas y representación indígena en la pintura de Tigua
No full textEste artículo analiza críticamente la evolución de la pintura de Tigua, una práctica de autorrepresentación visual surgida en los Andes ecuatorianos en los años setenta y posteriormente categorizada como “arte indígena” dentro de marcos institucionales y comerciales. Desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar que combina historia del arte, antropología crítica y estudios culturales, se examinan las transformaciones estéticas, simbólicas y políticas que ha atravesado esta expresión artística, marcada por tensiones entre agencia indígena y mediaciones externas. Con base en una etnografía prolongada y el análisis de obras pictóricas, se propone una periodización en tres etapas: experimentación formal e institucionalización inicial (años 70–80), canonización estética y politización visual (años 90–2000), y giro etnoestético con proyección panandina (desde los 2000). La investigación muestra cómo esta pintura se ha constituido en un campo visual complejo, donde convergen estrategias de afirmación identitaria, apropiaciones simbólicas y demandas del mercado. Lejos de ser una práctica homogénea o puramente folclórica, la pintura de Tigua encarna procesos complejos de clasificación, disputa simbólica y construcción de subjetividades indígenas, configurados en diálogo (y tensión) con políticas de reconocimiento, mercados culturales y estéticas decoloniales
Assessing Environmental Sustainability of Phytoremediation to Remove Copper from Contaminated Soils
No full textPhytoremediation stands out as a promising technology for removing heavy metals from contaminated soils. This work focuses on studying the environmental performance of phytoremediation in removing copper from contaminated soil located in an old Spanish mine using the life cycle assessment (LCA) method. For this purpose, Brassica juncea (brown mustard), Medicago sativa (alfalfa) and their rotary cultivation were assessed along with different options for managing biomass (landfill disposal and biomass cogeneration). In addition, soil excavation and soil washing treatments were also compared to phytoremediation. M. sativa proved superior to B. juncea and their rotary cultivation, regardless of the biomass disposal option, achieving impact reductions of 30-100%. This is due to the ability of M. sativa to fix nitrogen, which reduces fertiliser requirements. Among the biomass management alternatives, cogeneration was superior to landfill disposal in all cases by allowing for energy recovery, thereby reducing environmental impacts by 60-100%. M. sativa + cogeneration is the option that presents the best environmental performance of all the studied treatments, achieving reductions up to negligible values in four of eight impact categories due to the impacts avoided by energy production. On the contrary, soil excavation is the less desirable option, followed by soil washing treatment.The software used in this work to carry out LCA was acquired through the project ALGA2BIOPROJET (PID2020-114943RB-I00) financed by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spanish Government
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Assessment Based on Patient Behavior Exhibited in a Car Video Game: A Pilot Study
No full textSymptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) include excessive activity, difficulty sustaining attention, and inability to act in a reflective manner. Early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD is key but may be influenced by the observation and communication skills of caregivers, and the experience of the medical professional. Attempts to obtain additional measures to support the medical diagnosis, such as reaction time when performing a task, can be found in the literature. We propose an information recording system that allows to study in detail the behavior shown by children already diagnosed with ADHD during a car driving video game. We continuously record the participants' activity throughout the task and calculate the error committed. Studying the trajectory graphs, some children showed uniform patterns, others lost attention from one point onwards, and others alternated attention/inattention intervals. Results show a dependence between the age of the children and their performance. Moreover, by analyzing the positions by age over time using clustering, we show that it is possible to classify children according to their performance. Future studies will examine whether this detailed information about each child's performance pattern can be used to fine-tune treatment
Guilt Focused Intervention for Family Caregivers
No full textA pilot randomized controlled trial study was conducted for testing the efficacy of a novel Guilt Focused Intervention (GFI), that was compared with a Cognitive Behavioral Intervention (CBI) for caregivers of people with dementia with high levels of guilt and distress.Participants were 42 caregivers who were randomized assigned to the intervention conditions.Participants in the GFI showed significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and guilt at posttreatment and follow-up. Participants in the CBI presented reductions in anxiety and guilt at posttreatment and follow-up. Clinically significant change for guilt was found in 62.5% in the GFI and 9.09% in the CBI group at posttreatment. At follow-up, 58.33% in GFI and 12.5% in the CBI group were recovered.The preliminary results of this pilot study suggest that caregivers with significant levels of guilt and distress might benefit from an intervention specifically designed to target guilt feelings.A novel and initial intervention approach specifically designed for targeting caregivers' feelings of guilt might have the potential to reduce caregiver's emotional distress
Sectonema caobangense sp. n. from Vietnam (Nematoda, Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae)
No full textSectonema caobangense sp. n. from evergreen forest soil in Vietnam is described, including scanning electron micrograph (SEM) observations and D2-D3 LSU rDNA analysis. The new species is characterized by its 3.12 to 5.80mmlong body, lip region offset by deep constriction and 21 to 23 mm broad, mural tooth 13 to 14 mm long at its ventral side, 940 to 1,112 mm long neck, pharyngeal expansion occupying 61% to 69% of total neck length, uterus a long simple tube-like structure 292 to 363 mm long or 2.7 to 2.9 times the corresponding body diameter, pars refringens vaginae well developed, V = 48 to 56, short (36-51 mm, c = 77-132, c9 = 0.5-0.8) and rounded tail, 87 to 99 mm long spicules, and four or five irregularly spaced ventromedian supplements bearing hiatus. Sectonema caobangense sp. n. differs from the typical pattern of Sectonema in the nature of the stomatal protrusible structure, bearing a mural tooth attached to the ventral side of the stoma. Molecular data obtained and the derived evolutionary trees support a close phylogenetic relationship with other Sectonema species
Entrenador-Simulador Avanzado para el aprendizaje y entrenamiento de la Cirugía Artroscópica insightArthroVR®
No full textMinimal Invasive Surgery (MIS) techniques are becoming more and more frequent. However these techniques are complex and expensive procedures difficult to master. Current learning methods have a number of limitations that can be compensated for and complemented by our virtual reality simulator. Training with simulators considerably improves surgeons' dexterities with the arthroscopic instruments, reduces surgery times, increases surgery confidence and procedures safety, reducing the morbidity of real interventions and allowing obtaining experience in a large variety of pathologies
Cotylenchus cleo gen. n., sp. n., a new plant-parasitic nematode (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) parasitising on leaves of western sword fern plants from rainforests in Washington State, USA
No full textA new genus and species of anguinid nematode, Cotylenchus cleo gen. n., sp. n., was recovered from leaves of the western sword fern, Polystichum munitum, growing in rainforests in several locations of Olympic National Park, Washington State, USA. This new anguinid nematode induced distinct necrotic and chlorotic symptoms on fern leaves characterised by yellowing, light to brown areas between veins. The new species is characterised by a long and slender body, six incisures in the lateral field, robust stylet (12.013.5 mu m) with large and rounded knobs, pyriform to elongate and abutting basal pharyngeal bulb, and long conical tail with pointed terminus; females having posteriorly located vulva (V = 74-80%) and well-developed post-vulval uterine sac (26-59 mu m) and males having spicules 20-23 mu m long. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial 18S rRNA and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA genes showed that this anguinid nematode formed a separate evolutionary lineage different from all other Anguinidae taxa. The new species was also characterised by sequencing the ITS rRNA and COI genes
