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Insegnare nel XXI secolo. Il ruolo dell’epistemologia nello sviluppo professionale dei docenti
No full textCon l’avvento della rivoluzione digitale la scuola del XXI secolo si trova ad affrontare nuove forme di analfabetismo che rischiano di compromettere la capacità delle persone di partecipare attivamente e responsabilmente alla vita sociale, economica e politica della propria comunità in un mondo sempre più globale e interconnesso. La diffusione su scala mondiale delle tecnologie dell'informazione e della comunicazione (ICT), se da un lato ha condotto a un’informazione più plurale, libera e facilmente accessibile (almeno in una certa parte del mondo), dall’altro ha influenzato profondamente il modo in cui chi ne fruisce forma e giustifica le proprie convinzioni e ha determinato una maggiore esposizione a fenomeni di disordine informativo e di illusione di conoscenza (Sloman e Fernbach, 2018). Ne consegue, da un punto di vista pedagogico-didattico, l’urgenza di interrogarsi su come aggiornare la formazione dei docenti affinché siano in grado di trasformare le proprie discipline in campi di attività e di esperienza che consentano agli studenti di sviluppare, parallelamente agli apprendimenti di conoscenze e abilità dominio-specifiche, buone abitudini epistemiche coerenti con una cittadinanza responsabile (Baldacci, 2006).
La nostra ipotesi è a favore di un modello di formazione degli insegnanti (Baldacci, 2020) che preveda una stretta e proficua collaborazione fra ricerca didattica e indagine epistemologica alla luce del fatto, come già suggeriva Damiano (2004, p. 101), che entrambe le discipline condividono il medesimo oggetto di studio: «il modo in cui si costruisce il sapere».
In questo quadro, in linea con Sandoval (2005), ci riferiremo all’epistemologia come teoria della conoscenza disciplinare articolata attorno a tre quesiti fondamentali sulla natura della conoscenza (che cosa esattamente conosciamo?), sulle pratiche epistemiche (come sappiamo ciò che sappiamo?) e sui criteri di validità di conoscenze e pratiche (perché ci crediamo?).
La proposta che avanziamo in questo contributo consiste nell’aiutare gli insegnanti a interrogare il proprio sapere disciplinare in chiave epistemologica fornendo loro principi di strutturazione di attività didattiche (Stenhouse, 1975) che consentano agli studenti di sviluppare come apprendimento collaterale diposizioni stabili e durature che li rendano inclini a mettere in atto comportamenti epistemicamente virtuosi (virtù epistemiche).
Formare i docenti all’uso di principi operativi capaci di integrare strutturalmente il contributo che l’epistemologia può offrire alla chiarificazione e soluzione di problemi didattici rappresenta, a nostro avviso, una riposta – per quanto parziale, integrabile e rivedibile – al quesito, tutt’altro che banale, di come trasformare un ambito di studio ampio e complesso con cui gli insegnanti hanno in genere scarsa dimestichezza in un’efficace risorsa per selezionare e ricostruire i saperi disciplinari a fini formativi
Cultural events communication and the influence of sponsoring brands on participants’ purchase intention. Insights from an exploratory study.
No full textThe paper explores how participants of cultural events broadcast on TV perceive their communication strategy and whether the communication of sponsoring brands influences their purchase intentions. Qualitative exploratory research was conducted through an online survey with a sample of spectators attending the Sanremo festival, the most popular song festival in Italy. The analysis reveals a quite high use of social media and a general low influence of communication of sponsoring brands on purchase intention that were sponsors of the famous Italian cultural event.
The study suggests that cultural events such as music festival should manage strategically their relationship with brands to increase brand awareness, sale, and loyalty. The originality of the study lies in the analysis of how spectators interact with cultural events broadcast on TV in the digital era perceive its communication strategy and how communication of sponsoring brands influences their purchasing intentions, which has received limited empirical investigation. It reveals numerous novel elements within marketing literature, as well as managerial implications.
The study presents limits related to the sample of Italians and the specific event in one country therefore it has limited generalizability. Larger sample and different groups of participants (e.g by age, behaviour, etc.) and longitudinal studies could help to understand the phenomenon more in depth
Integrating water quality assessment and circulation models for a sustainable management of a strategic carbonate system: Clues from the Mt. Nerone-Mt. Catria Ridge (Central Italy)
No full textThis study provides an updated hydrogeochemical characterization and circulation model of the Mt. Nerone-Mt. Catria carbonate ridge (NCCR) groundwater system, a vital water resource for the ∼360,000 inhabitants of the Pesaro-Urbino province (Marche Region, Italy). Chemical analyses of an extensive dataset of water samples revealed that they exhibit a Ca-HCO3 composition with a relatively low Total Dissolved Solids (TDS < 400 mg/L), suggesting limited interaction with the surrounding carbonates and silicates, and short and shallow pathways. A few samples show SO4-enrichments and higher TDS (up to 3350 mg/L), likely related to relatively deep flow paths interacting with the evaporitic Triassic Burano formation, while the presence of some Na-HCO3 (TDS up to 1000 mg/L) waters suggests prolonged circulation within Na-rich terrigenous formations. The Chemical Water Quality Index (CWQI) confirms that most NCCR waters are qualitatively good since the anthropogenic contamination is practically negligible, as testified by the low contents of nitrate and chloride. Nonetheless, a few mineralized springs display high CWQI values, indicating poor quality. The latter usually occur along the main fault systems and mix, at different degrees, with the low-salinity shallow Ca-HCO3 waters. This implies that excessive groundwater exploitation might be able to pump the mineralized waters, thus increasing the risk of quality deterioration. This study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and sustainable management practices to preserve the NCCR resource, especially under the effects of climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures. Our integrated hydrogeochemical approach and the conceptual model of water circulation offer valuable insights into groundwater dynamics, and it can be applied to similar (karstic) systems worldwide
Digital Twins for Monitoring Neuromotor Development in Preterm Infants: Conceptual Framework and Proof-of-concept Study
No full textPreterm birth leads to an increased risk of long-term consequences, with over 50% of children born <30 weeks facing motor, cognitive, or behavioural impairments. Early monitoring of motor developmental trajectories, strongly associated with neurodevelopmental outcome, is crucial for a timely identification of deviations from the reference path and the prediction of possible neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, the current understanding of the causal pathways through which motor difficulties emerge and evolve is limited by the lack of quantitative, standardised, and interpretative measures for infant motor development, and the need for a complex multidisciplinary examination of medical history. To overcome these limitations, we propose an approach based on Digital Twins (DTs) and innovative technology-based interpretative metrics for motor assessment to support holistic longitudinal evaluations of infant development. The DT enables the integration of multimodal data, including algorithms for data processing and artificial intelligence methods for data analysis, into a unique framework. Details on the DT ecosystem, internal model, and engine are provided. As a first step, a proof-of-concept application was implemented to show the feasibility of the framework, not yet exploring its full longitudinal potential. This initial study was based on already published data (17 full-term children, 21 preterm children born between 29 and 36 gestational weeks, and 8 very preterm children born 28 gestational weeks) and illustrates the integration of motor measures with clinical and cognitive information, their standardisation into the DT model, and a first set of advanced analyses. Given the relevance of the problem and the lack of standardised, structured follow-up protocols to monitor motor trajectory in preterm children, the proposed solution has the potential for a significant impact in clinical practice. Moreover, its usable and scalable design allows for easy adaptation to large, multi-center cohort studies targeting various infant clinical populations where motor function monitoring is essential (i.e. from children with rare neurological disorders to all newborns)
Verbos y perífrasis transgénero: recursos verbales en autores helenísticos e imperiales
No full textThe following pages analyse the use of verbs and periphrases in texts particularly from the Hellenistic and Imperial periods, focusing on how authors describe transitions and transgressions of gender. Drawing on a representative sample of literary sources, this discussion focuses on linguistic choices and their relation to cultural conceptions of identity and otherness, highlighting verbal resources to express both physical and symbolic transitions
Functional Foods, a Hope to Delay Muscle Dystrophy Progression: A Potential Role for Omega Fatty Acids
No full text: Functional foods, thanks to their basic nutritional properties, can have physiological benefits and can alleviate the symptoms of many chronic diseases. They contain active components deriving either from plant or animal sources, and they show anti-inflammatory, cardiotonic, and antioxidant pharmacological activities that could be useful in preventing oxidative damage and inflammatory processes in a variety of disorders. There is evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical observational studies that some compounds have significant effects in modulating the muscular dystrophy phenotype, which is characterized by fibrosis, myofiber necrotic cell death, inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysfunctional mitochondria. This review involves collecting data from the main medical databases and detailing the key features involved in muscular dystrophy progression and the relevance of fatty-acid compounds as diet supplements in the management of the disease. Omega fatty acids improve the dystrophic phenotype in terms of fibrosis and inflammation reduction, stimulating mitochondrial activity and antioxidant systems. Omega fatty acids could play a crucial role as food supplementation to delay dystrophy progression. This overview appears extremely relevant for researchers who are studying these molecules as valid alternatives to glucocorticoids, that today remain the only recognized pharmacological cure for dystrophic patients