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Knowledge and use of evidence-based practice in psychology in the clinical practice of Brazilian psychologists: A cross-sectional study
Get PDFBackground/Objectives: The use of scientific evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders is crucial for achieving optimal clinical outcomes and providing high-quality care. This study investigates the knowledge, sources of evidence, and attitudes of Brazilian clinical psychologists regarding evidence-based practice in psychology (EBPP) and discusses barriers to its implementation. Methods: A total of 696 Brazilian clinical psychologists participated in an online questionnaire designed to assess their understanding of EBPP, their familiarity with scientific platforms/databases, and their professional development investments. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted, which can be used to identify subgroups of psychologists with similar patterns of professional and training characteristics. Results: The results indicate that while psychologists recognized the importance of EBPP for effective patient care, there was a significant gap in understanding its fundamental principles and concepts. Many participants reported the limited use of scientific databases, missing opportunities to access the latest research advancements. A lower percentage of psychologists consistently implemented EBPP in their clinical practice, highlighting a gap between knowledge and application. Four latent classes emerged from the LCA: I—experienced/established professional psychologist; II—academic psychologist; III—supervised traditional psychologist; and IV—young professional psychologist. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the need for better integration of EBPP into psychology curricula and continuing education programs. Enhancing clinical psychologists’ understanding and proficiency in EBPP can promote evidence-based decision-making and improve the quality of mental health care in Brazil. Efforts should be made to familiarize psychologists with reliable scientific databases, equip them with skills to critically appraise research, and foster a culture of lifelong learning and professional development. Additionally, it is essential to develop strategies tailored to the distinct profiles of professionals identified in this study, considering their training sources, reference usage, and knowledge of EBPP.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Why and how corporations innovate their business model in Agribusiness?
Get PDFAgribusiness, a crucial component of the global economy, is undergoing significant changes
driven by technological advancements, shifting consumer preferences and increasing
sustainability demands. Business model innovation has emerged as a vital strategy for firms to
achieve long-term success and remain competitive. This thesis investigates how agribusiness
firms use business model innovation to navigate the rapidly changing business landscape and
identifies the motivators and drivers that may foster their innovation efforts. The study
examines the impact of varying market dynamism levels and internal organizational dynamics
on business model innovation.
Using a multi-case study approach, this research analyzes four agricultural firms:
Vitacress, Driscoll’s, SP&F and Camposol. The theoretical framework by Ghezzi and Cavallo
(2020) is employed to understand how these companies pursue business model innovation in
different market dynamicity conditions and different internal dynamics.
The findings are organized around a set of propositions that besides value creation,
delivery and capture (Teece, 2010) – profitability (widely investigated by academia) - risk
management and sustainability are significant motivators of business model innovation. Also,
firms with high internal dynamism seem to foster entrepreneurial cultures and continuous
improvement following lean principles, while all cases emphasize adaptability and agility.
Agility and lean principles are found to be crucial in fostering business model innovation,
enabling firms to innovate, adapt and thrive in dynamic environments. The study's insights have
important implications for practitioners, policymakers and researchers, highlighting the need
for a holistic approach to business model innovation that integrates economic, environmental
and social considerations.O agronegócio, uma componente fundamental da economia global, está a sofrer mudanças
significativas impulsionadas pelos avanços tecnológicos, pelas mudanças nas preferências dos
consumidores e pelas crescentes exigências de sustentabilidade. A inovação do modelo de
negócio emergiu como uma estratégia vital para as empresas alcançarem o sucesso a longo
prazo e manterem-se competitivas. Esta tese investiga a inovação do modelo de agronegócio e
identifica os motivadores e impulsionadores que promovem os seus esforços de inovação. O
estudo examina o impacto dos diferentes níveis de dinamismo do mercado e da dinâmica
organizacional interna na inovação do modelo de negócios.
Utilizando uma metodologia multi-case study, analisa quatro empresas: Vitacress,
Driscoll’s, SP&F e Camposol. O enquadramento teórico de Ghezzi e Cavallo (2020) é
empregue para compreender como estas empresas procuram a inovação em modelos de negócio
em diferentes condições de dinamicidade de mercado e diferentes níveis de dinâmica interna.
Os resultados estão organizados em torno de um conjunto de proposições que, para além
da criação, entrega e captura de valor (Teece, 2010) – rentabilidade (amplamente investigadas
pela academia) - a gestão de risco e sustentabilidade são motivadores da inovação em modelos
de negócios. Além disso, as empresas com elevado dinamismo interno parecem promover
culturas empreendedoras e melhoria contínua seguindo princípios Lean, enquanto todas
enfatizam a adaptabilidade e a agilidade. Os resultados do estudo têm implicações importantes
para os profissionais, decisores políticos e investigadores, realçando a necessidade de uma
abordagem holística à inovação do modelo de negócio que integre considerações económicas,
ambientais e sociais
Práticas de leitura dos alunos dos ensinos básico e secundário – Barómetro’23
Get PDFO Plano Nacional de Leitura (PNL2027) encomendou ao Observatório Português das Atividades Culturais (OPAC), um estudo sobre a Evolução das Práticas de Leitura dos Alunos dos Ensinos Básico e Secundário. O estudo foi realizado em parceria com a Direção-Geral de Estatísticas da Educação e Ciência (DGEEC) e a Rede de Bibliotecas Escolares (RBE). Com esta operação, iniciou-se a construção de um sistema de recolha regular de informação sobre a evolução das práticas de leitura dos alunos do ensino não superior, respondendo a uma necessidade há muito diagnosticada pelas principais entidades com responsabilidades na promoção da leitura em Portugal (o Plano Nacional de Leitura ou a Rede de Bibliotecas Escolares), bem como pelas universidades e centros de investigação.
Os resultados do Barómetro’23 mostram, em geral, valores elevados da leitura de livros, com percentagens de 97% no 1.º ciclo e 96% no 2.º ciclo, seguidas de uma diminuição progressiva para 90% no 3.º ciclo e 78% no ensino secundário.publicad
The Balanced Scorecard ontology: A semantic approach to enhance strategy management
Get PDFThe Balanced Scorecard, developed in 1992 by Kaplan and Norton, has evolved into a communication and strategy execution system widely adopted by organizations across various industries. This article explores the use of an ontology to bridge the gap between strategy management and data within the Balanced Scorecard framework. The Balanced Scorecard Ontology is introduced to store, validate, and analyze knowledge, containing information about the strategy map and quantification frameworks, essential for evaluating the strategy execution. The proposed ontology is designed, developed, and evaluated using competency questions (CQs), and further validated by an online tool. Specifically, the proposed formalization of the Balanced Scorecard framework provides a semantic layer aimed at facilitating an effective Balanced Scorecard implementation, enabling accurate, traceable, and continuous monitoring and improvement of the strategy execution, based on a data-driven approach. The formalization of this knowledge through an ontology encompasses several advantages, such as improved interoperability and validation of the framework's elements, inference of new knowledge, and enhanced communication between different stakeholders. In addition, managerial implications include ensuring alignment between the Balanced Scorecard and organizational goals, supporting compliance and governance efforts, improving communication and knowledge transfer, enhancing the strategic decision-making process, and facilitating the integration of data into the Balanced Scorecard.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Policy recommendations for healthcare authorities, organizations and professionals on vaccine hesitancy in Europe: From evidence to practice
Get PDFVaccine hesitancy presents significant challenges to public health, exacerbated by a lack of cohesive policies in Europe. Recognized as a complex social phenomenon influenced by various factors, vaccine hesitancy threatens health systems and public trust. This paper analyses the political background and current gaps in policies addressing vaccine hesitancy, with a specific focus on the role of healthcare authorities, organizations and professionals in shaping effective responses. The VAX-TRUST project, funded by H2020 and conducted in seven European countries, provides a framework for translating social scientific research into actionable strategies within healthcare settings. Using methodologies such as the Delphi method, the project developed the ASTARE model, which encompasses six dimensions: Awareness, Support, Training, Agency, Recognition, and Engagement. These dimensions guide tailored recommendations to strengthen the capacity of healthcare professionals, organizations, and authorities in addressing vaccine hesitancy, enhancing public trust, and vaccine confidence and uptake. The paper highlights the necessity of evidence-based, collaborative, and adaptive policies that raise public awareness, counteract misinformation, and support healthcare professionals. Effective policymaking requires understanding legislative processes, leveraging scientific evidence, and fostering stakeholder participation. By emphasizing context-sensitive interventions and culturally informed strategies, this study provides a comprehensive approach for health systems to address vaccine hesitancy and improve public health outcomes across Europe.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Defending land, sustaining community: Care as a framework for anti-extractivist resistance in Covas do Barroso
Get PDFThis thesis explores the anti-lithium mining resistance movement in Covas do Barroso, Portugal, as a case
study within the broader context of global environmental conflicts. Grounded in Feminist Political Ecology,
the study examines how care functions as a political and ethical framework that sustains and strengthens
resistance efforts against extractivist development models. The findings suggest that care plays a key role
to the anti-mining resistance in Barroso, shaping both the community’s environmental stewardship practices
and its critique of the green economy. By positioning care as a communal, political act, the movement
provides an alternative vision of sustainability based on reciprocity and mutual aid, challenging capitalist
logics that prioritize profit over ecological and social well-being. The thesis contributes to environmental
justice and political ecology by highlighting the transformative role of care in resisting extractivism and
fostering solidarity. It suggests that care-centered approaches could inform broader environmental activism
and policy, offering pathways to more inclusive and transformative sustainable development models.
Limitations include the specificity of the rural context and a reliance on perspectives primarily from the
resistance movement, which may not fully capture the diversity of views within the community. These
limitations have implications for future comparative research in diverse socio-political settings.Esta dissertação explora o movimento de resistência contra a mineração de lítio em Covas do Barroso,
Portugal, como um estudo de caso dentro do contexto mais amplo dos conflitos ambientais globais. Com
base na Ecologia Política Feminista, o estudo examina como o cuidado funciona como um marco político
e ético que sustenta e fortalece os esforços de resistência contra modelos de desenvolvimento extrativistas.
Os resultados revelam que o cuidado tem um papel chave na resistência do Barroso, moldando tanto as
práticas de gestão ambiental da comunidade quanto a sua crítica à economia verde. Ao posicionar o cuidado
como um ato político e comunitário, o movimento oferece uma visão alternativa de sustentabilidade baseada
na reciprocidade e apoio mútuo, desafiando as lógicas capitalistas que priorizam o lucro em detrimento do
bem-estar ecológico e social. A dissertação contribui para a justiça ambiental e ecologia política ao destacar
o papel transformador do cuidado na resistência ao extrativismo e no fortalecimento de redes de
solidariedade. Sugere que abordagens centradas no cuidado poderiam inspirar um ativismo ambiental mais
abrangente e influenciar políticas, oferecendo caminhos para modelos de desenvolvimento mais inclusivos
e sustentáveis. As limitações incluem a especificidade do contexto rural e a dependência de perspectivas
predominantemente do movimento de resistência, que podem não capturar totalmente a diversidade de
opiniões dentro da comunidade. Essas limitações têm implicações para futuras pesquisas comparativas em
diversos contextos sociopolíticos
Anarquismo, Moral e Estado: A proposta anarquista de dissolução do Estado em diálogo com a tradição havaiana
Get PDFEste trabalho está dividido em três partes. Na primeira carateriza-se o pensamento clássico anarquista, e a sua proposta de dissolução do Estado assente no questionamento da sua legitimidade. O anarquismo é sobretudo um pensamento moral, de contornos aristotélicos e assente numa conceção de indivíduo herdada do Iluminismo. Na segunda parte, com base na proposta de desenvolvimento de um Estado-arcaico no Havai por parte do arqueólogo Patrick Kirch, descreve-se a evolução cultural da sociedade havaiana e dos seus antecessores da Polinésia que conduziram a uma mudança nas suas estruturas éticas, materializados pelas ideias de mana e kapu, que culminaram na passagem entre uma sociedade de chefia e uma assente numa soberania sagrada que une religião e política. Na parte final explica-se como a emergência do Estado-Nação dependeu da separação entre a dimensão religiosa e a política na sociedade europeia e como a legitimidade do Estado é construída racionalmente pela tradição da soberania herdada de gregos e romanos e compara-se as estruturas sociais da sociedade havaiana com a europeia para problematizar a proposta anarquista de dissolução do Estado. Conclui-se que o Estado-arcaico havaiano não foi um acontecimento contingente e fortuito. Foi a conceção particular do Estado como contingente da evolução das sociedades por parte do anarquismo clássico que permitiu conceber a possibilidade de dissolução do Estado. As estruturas do Iluminismo que concebiam o indivíduo autónomo, o contexto histórico da modernidade e o ambiente secular em que o pensamento anarquista se desenvolveu determinaram as possibilidades de mudança preconizadas pelo anarquismo clássico.This work is divided into three sections. The first outlines classical anarchist thought and its proposal to dissolve the state, questioning its legitimacy. Anarchism is primarily a moral philosophy with Aristotelian elements and a concept of individual autonomy rooted in Enlightenment ideals. The second section, drawing on archaeologist Patrick Kirch's analysis of early Hawaiian society, discusses cultural evolution in Hawaii and Polynesia, leading to shifts in ethical structures. Key concepts like mana and kapu signified a transition from a chiefdom society to one founded on sacred sovereignty, merging religious and political realms. In the final section, the emergence of the modern nation-state is examined, emphasizing the split between religious and political spheres in European society. This separation contributed to a rationalized concept of state legitimacy inherited from Greek and Roman traditions. Hawaiian and European social structures are compared to critique the anarchist proposal for state dissolution, concluding that the archaic Hawaiian state was not a random development. Instead, classical anarchism’s notion of the state as a contingent outcome of societal evolution made the idea of state dissolution conceivable. The Enlightenment’s autonomous individual, modernity’s historical context, and secular conditions fostered the transformative possibilities envisioned by classical anarchist thought
A proteção social no desemprego: (Des)equilíbrio entre as políticas ativas e as políticas compensatórias?: Uma abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa
Get PDFA presente dissertação centra-se na proteção social no desemprego. Em particular, procura estudar
um possível desequilíbrio na combinação de políticas Passivas e Ativas de emprego. Enquanto as
Políticas Ativas procuram promover a criação de emprego e a empregabilidade, as Políticas
Compensatórias, ditas passivas, visam garantir um rendimento de substituição face ao salário perdido,
através da atribuição de uma prestação monetária (subsídio de desemprego). Em suma, trata-se de
saber como ambas as políticas impactam nos desempregados, e se existe um desequilíbrio entre elas.
A investigação combina dados quantitativos com dados qualitativos, recolhidos através da realização
de 12 entrevistas a beneficiários de subsídio de desemprego. Começa-se por enquadrar o tema,
procurando compreender a evolução histórica da proteção no desemprego na Europa e em Portugal,
através da análise de literatura, mas também de documentos oficiais, da legislação e do recente
destaque dado às Políticas Ativas de Emprego nas últimas décadas. Os resultados indicam que as
Políticas Ativas estão a receber cada vez mais atenção e a absorver mais recursos, enquanto as Políticas
Compensatórias parecem estar a ser secundarizadas. Os próprios beneficiários referem a necessidade
e relevância das políticas compensatórias e apontam para uma combinação mais equilibrada entre
estas e as Políticas Ativas no sentido de assegurar melhores condições de vida aos beneficiários e a sua
(re)integração profissional.This dissertation focuses on social protection in unemployment. In particular, it seeks to study a
possible imbalance in the combination of Passive and Active employment policies. While Active
Policies seek to promote job creation and employability, Compensatory Policies, known as passive
policies, aim to guarantee a replacement income for lost wages, through the award of a monetary
benefit (unemployment benefit). In short, the aim is to find out how both policies impact on the
unemployed and whether there is an imbalance between them. The research combines quantitative
data with qualitative data, collected through 12 interviews with unemployment benefit recipients.
It begins by framing the topic, trying to understand the historical evolution of unemployment
protection in Europe and Portugal, by analysing the literature, but also official documents, legislation
and the recent emphasis given to Active Employment Policies in recent decades. The results indicate
that Active Policies are receiving more and more attention and absorbing more resources, while
Compensatory Policies seem to be taking a back seat. The beneficiaries themselves mention the
need for and relevance of compensatory policies and point to a more balanced combination between
these and Active Policies in order to ensure better living conditions for beneficiaries and their
professional (re)integration
The impact of Artificial Intelligence on the testing instrument industry and its countermeasures
Get PDFThis systematic literature review carefully examines how artificial intelligence (AI) greatly impacts the testing instrument industry and strategies to mitigate these repercussions. By employing a sturdy methodology, the investigation includes the thorough examination of notable databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. By following the PRISMA method as a guiding principle, papers are selected and excluded with precision. The review unearths significant advancements of AI applications in testing instruments, simultaneously highlighting the opportunities and challenges these technologies present. The study further identifies key domains and clusters in AI and testing instruments, like machine learning approaches, deep learning advancements and neural network frameworks. In addition, it provides insight into pertaining to the key arguments within the domain. The debates primarily discuss the ethical implications associated with AI and the precision of testing instruments powered by AI, emphasizing the requirement for humans to have oversight identified by the bibliometric analysis of leading authors, prominent journals and geographical hotspots of research in the field. It also identifies the most cited publications, influential authors and prevalent keywords. This study adds value to the existing body of knowledge by presenting a thorough exploration and evaluation of the current research in this field. The paper offers an extensive analysis of how AI impacts the testing instrument industry and puts forward potential avenues for future exploration.Esta revisão sistemática da literatura examina cuidadosamente como a inteligência artificial (IA) impacta grandemente a indústria de instrumentos de teste e as estratégias para mitigar essas repercussões. Ao empregar uma metodologia robusta, a investigação inclui o exame minucioso de bases de dados notáveis como "Scopus" e "Web of Science". Seguindo o método PRISMA como princípio orientador, os artigos são selecionados e excluídos com precisão. A revisão revela avanços significativos das aplicações de IA em instrumentos de teste, destacando simultaneamente as oportunidades e desafios que essas tecnologias apresentam. O estudo identifica ainda domínios-chave e clusters em IA e instrumentos de teste, como abordagens de aprendizado de máquina, avanços de aprendizado profundo e estruturas de redes neurais. Além disso, fornece informações sobre os principais argumentos dentro do domínio. Os debates discutem principalmente as implicações éticas associadas à IA e a precisão dos instrumentos de teste alimentados por IA, enfatizando a exigência de que os seres humanos tenham supervisão identificada pela análise bibliométrica dos principais autores, revistas proeminentes e pontos geográficos de pesquisa na área. Também identifica as publicações mais citadas, autores influentes e palavras-chave predominantes. Este estudo acrescenta valor ao corpo de conhecimento existente, apresentando uma exploração e avaliação aprofundadas da investigação atual neste domínio. O artigo oferece uma análise extensiva de como a IA afeta a indústria de instrumentos de teste e apresenta caminhos potenciais para exploração futura
Public value and digital health: The example of guiding values in the national digital health strategy of France
Get PDFIntroduction
In the WHO European Region, 44 of 53 reporting Member States (MS) have a national digital health strategy (NDHS) or policy. Their formulation is heterogenous and evolving and should best reflect public common interest. This research aims to explore how a public value approach improves the relevance of digital health policies and services, increasing their capacity to better serve the diverse range of societal interests. It utilises the guiding values within the French NDHS as an example before discussing other digital health policies such as the European Heath Data Space.
Methods
Three homogenous focus group discussions were conducted in November and December 2023. Each focus group separately gathered distinct stakeholders: public clients, health professionals, private sector. 19 participants were included in the study. Data collection comprised live polling and semi-structured discussion. Results were analysed considering the pre-defined stakeholder groups and the values discussed during the study.
Results
Findings reveal both technical and cultural challenges in digital health that highlight the need for adaptable frameworks across different contexts. Stakeholder insights informed a framework classifying public values into democratic and managerial categories, suggesting themes that may be relevant to digital health strategies in other national and regional settings.
Discussion
Public value is discussed as a multidimensional concept, and the plurality of its perceptions give basis for tailored approaches to serve different value-beneficiaries comprehensively. We propose this values-based approach as a systematic model for supra-, sub-, and national scales and additional policy topics, beyond digital health strategies.
Conclusion
The study suggests that using a public value lens considering multiple perceptions is valuable for advancing digital health policy in a responsible and ethical manner. Such an approach could promote wider governance of and adoption of digital health. To evolve the framework, application in multiple and large ecosystems at different levels should be considered.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio