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Faltam professores: Uma análise da influência das condições socioprofissionais docentes na escolha dos jovens pela profissão
Get PDFA escassez de docentes, em Portugal, tem deixado milhares de alunos, anualmente, sem professor a uma, ou mais disciplinas e, enquanto o ritmo de aposentação docente acelera, o número de inscritos em cursos profissionalizantes continua insuficiente face às necessidades projetadas. As investigações em torno das motivações para a docência, têm-se centrado em quem já se encontra em formação ou no exercício da profissão, contudo, é precisamente quem já a considerou seguir, mas não o fez, que melhor poderá informar sobre a atratividade da mesma.
Procurou-se então compreender, partindo da perspetiva analítica da precariedade, como é que as condições socioprofissionais dos jovens docentes contratados a termo certo influenciam a escolha de jovens estudantes pela profissão. Neste sentido, desenvolveu-se uma investigação exploratória assente no método misto sequencial, numa primeira abordagem intensiva realizaram-se entrevistas semidiretivas com docentes, do ensino básico e secundário público, contratados a termo na Grande Lisboa e, posteriormente, numa abordagem extensiva aplicou-se um inquérito por questionário a jovens estudantes das Faculdades de Letras e de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa.
Os resultados evidenciam que a instabilidade contratual e a baixa remuneração são perceções relativas à profissão docente com elevada concordância entre os jovens, bem como, a intensificação da carga laboral docente, e o desequilíbrio entre a vida pessoal e profissional. Estes resultados sugerem que estabilidade e valorização remuneratória docente, bem como, a melhoria da sua carga laboral, nomeadamente a não letiva, poderão constituir importantes eixos de ação para políticas de melhoria da atratividade da profissão junto dos jovens.Teacher shortages, in Portugal, have left thousands of students each year without teachers in one or more subjects. As the teacher retirement accelerates, the number of enrollments in teacher training programs remains insufficient compared to the projected needs. Research on motivations for pursuing teaching has primarily focused on those already in training or actively working in the profession. However, it is precisely those who have considered teaching but ultimately decided against it who may provide the most valuable insights into the profession's attractiveness.
This study aimed to understand, from a precarity perspective, how the socio-professional conditions of young contract teachers influence students' decisions about entering the profession. An exploratory sequential mixed-methods approach was applied. First, semi-structured interviews were conducted with temporary public-school teachers (primary and secondary levels) in the Greater Lisbon area. Following this intensive approach, a questionnaire survey was conducted with students from the Faculty of Letters and Faculty of Sciences at the University of Lisbon.
The findings highlight that contractual instability and low remuneration are significant perceptions of the teaching profession among young people, along with concerns about the intensification of teaching workload and an imbalance between personal and professional life. These results suggest that promoting job stability and wage increases, as well as reducing the non-teaching workload, could be key action areas for policies aiming to enhance the attractiveness of the teaching profession among young people
Financialisation and the (de-)unionisation of workers in Portugal
Get PDFOver the last five decades, the degree of unionisation of workers has been decreasing and,
therefore, by inadvertently accepting the deterioration of labour relations, the loss of
labour rights, and the increase in the exploitation of labour all over the world, workers
have not genuinely contested the neoliberal agenda and the deregulation and
flexibilisation of the labour market. Our argument to explain this puzzling paradox of
worsening labour conditions yet a lesser degree of unionisation finds that this is due to
the financialisation of workers. On the one hand, workers with financial assets tend to
reduce their unionisation due to their more financially solid position, pro-capital
predisposition, perceived disconnection from union priorities, access to attractive
remuneration benefits, a (psychological) sense of being owners (employers) and an
alignment with capital’s (employers’) interests. On the other hand, workers with financial
liabilities tend to reduce their unionisation due to their more financially fragile position,
fears of job and income loss and concerns about default, reluctance to incur the immediate
costs of monthly union dues, worries about the social stigma linked to potential default
and a tendency to prioritise individual interests over collective action. This paper aims to
study the relation between the financialisation of workers and their unionisation by
performing a time series econometric analysis centred on Portugal over the period from
1980 to 2023. Our results confirm that the financialisation of workers exerts a negative
effect on the degree of unionisation in Portugal. The financialisation of workers has
indeed been one of the main factors behind the deunionisation in Portugal since the 1980s.publicad
Business plan for the star-up corporate named Herbin
Get PDFThe goal of this program is to assess the feasibility of opening a natural herb hot tea shop named "Herbin" located in Guangzhou, China. “Herbin" hot tea shop is a nature herb hot tea retail shop located in Guangzhou, China. Feasibility assessment results will be demonstrated through an innovative business plan.
The "Herbin" hot tea shop integrates the ancient prescriptions of Chinese traditional medicine and oriental natural herbs into the hot drink industry. The "Herbin" hot tea shop also applies the ancient concept from traditional Chinese medicine called "medicine and food come from the same source" to the hot drink industry.
The "Herbin" hot tea shop plans to explore and find the need from youth for "how to keep health" and unique products, including hot drinks and snacks related to traditional Chinese medicine, to satisfy youth's needs. The new idea is revealed: to open the natural herb hot tea shop to apply Chinese traditional medicine theories and oriental nature herbs.
"Herbin" hot tea shop aims to access the young group with health-preserving behavior and health-related awareness, including college students and white-collar workers. "Herbin" hot tea shop opens in the residence area near the central business district or university to access the target clients.
The program plans to be carried out in Guangzhou as the experimental unit. On the one hand, natural herb hot drinks have been popular in Guangzhou since the 1820s. On the other hand, Guangzhou is the most developed economic city in southern China. These facts mean that there is a large client base.
"Herbin" hopes to provide natural herb hot tea and natural herb snacks that are based on the value of "medicine and food come from the same source" and offer more various and innovative products to clients.
"Herbin" expects to become a trendsetting brand to cater to the popular trend among today's young Chinese, called "punk health preservation."No projeto a seguir discuto um plano de negócios para uma start-up chamada HerbIn.
Herb In é um projeto inovador de loja de bebidas à base de chá que insiste no conceito central chamado “remédios e alimentos têm a mesma origem”.
Ervas Os principais produtos são bebidas saudáveis à base de chá de ervas.
Através da combinação da cultura moderna de bebidas à base de chá com a ideia de que “remédios e alimentos têm a mesma origem”, a Herb In espera criar a marca de bebidas à base de chá.
A marca de bebidas Herb In não só se adapta ao gosto dos mais jovens, mas também tem funções para a saúde.
Os principais pontos de inovação do projeto estão no desenvolvimento e pesquisa da receita do produto, bem como no processo do produto e no método de fabricação.
Dependendo dos ingredientes à base de plantas e frutas e vegetais da época, a Herb In lançará uma série de bebidas à base de chá que combinam as preferências de consumo dos jovens com funções saudáveis
Breaking barriers: The impact of intergroup contact on bystanders' actions against bias-based cyberbullying
Get PDFBystanders are present in most bullying and cyberbullying incidents, and when they intervene in favor of the victim, they can effectively stop it. Evidence suggests that intergroup factors, such as social identification, increase bystanders’ helping intentions in bullying episodes. However, relatively little is known about the potential positive effects of intergroup factors on bystanders’ attitudes and behaviors when witnessing bias-based cyberbullying (i.e., cyberbullying based on identity). Two studies examined bystanders’ responses to cyberbullying toward two minority groups (i.e., LGBTQI+ and Black youth); and what can influence their helping intentions when they witness bias-based cyberbullying episodes. Study 1 (N = 2,253) showed that bystanders' responses vary depending on the target of cyberbullying, helping an LGBTQI+ youth target less than a Black target, and showing less empathy, less positive group norms, less inclusive identities, less positive attitudes, and more intergroup anxiety. Study 2 (N = 2,254) revealed that high quality offline contact is associated with more helping behaviors via increased empathy, outgroup attitudes, dual-identity representations and decreased intergroup anxiety (for the LGBTQI+ target), and via empathy, one-group identity, and group norms (for the Black target). Implications for efforts to promote more helping behaviors and positive intergroup attitudes in the online context are discussed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
DevOps practices in IT service management
Get PDFThe IT department plays a vital role in enabling organisations to respond to the various threats to their business. To ensure alignment between IT objectives and business expectations, organisations have increasingly adopted IT service management frameworks such as ITIL. To prevent IT from becoming a barrier to meeting business needs, Agile methodologies were introduced to enable faster implementation of changes and feedback. DevOps culture emerges as a solution to ensure communication between developers and operators, enabling more frequent deliveries without sacrificing operational stability. This research explores the integration of DevOps into an ITIL environment, focusing on three core processes: Incident Management, Problem Management, and Change Management. Case studies were conducted in organisations that apply DevOps practices in at least one of these processes, aiming to identify which process activities are impacted by DevOps practices, the associated benefits and challenges, and performance improvements. To validate the findings, additional interviews were conducted with professionals from various industries and backgrounds. The results show that practices such as Application Monitoring and Feedback Loops help detect problems and incidents more quickly, while Continuous Integration accelerates their resolution. Similarly, it was found that Automated Deployment speeds up the authorization, coordination, and implementation of changes. Several practices such as Feedback Loops, Stakeholder Participation, Continuous Integration and Delivery lead to a process performance improvement .These results were verified by the different data collection methods used in the study.O departamento de IT é vital para as organizações para enfrentarem as diversas ameaças ao seu negócio. De forma a garantir o alinhamento de expectativas entre os objetivos do IT e das áreas de negócio das organizações, estas têm vindo a adotar "frameworks" de Gestão de serviços de IT como o ITIL. Para evitar que o IT seja uma barreira para responder às necessidades do negócio, as metodologias "Agile" foram criadas para implementar alterações e "feedback" rapidamente. A cultura "DevOps" surge como solução para garantir a comunicação entre "developers" e "operators" possibilitando uma maior frequência de entregas, sem comprometer a estabilidade. Esta investigação vai explorar a integração de "DevOps" em um ambiente ITIL com o foco em três processos: gestão de incidentes, problemas e alterações. Vão ser conduzidos casos de estudo em organizações que utilizam praticas de "DevOps" e um dos processos, com o objetivo de encontrar que atividades dos processos são impactadas pelas práticas de "DevOps", benefícios e desafios, e melhorias de desempenho no processo. Para validar os resultados destes casos de estudo vão ser realizadas entrevistas a outros indivíduos de outras indústrias e com diferentes experiências profissionais. "Application Monitoring" e "Feedback Loops" aceleraram a deteção de problemas e incidentes mais rapidamente, tal como "Continuous Integration" acelera a resolução de incidentes e problemas. Igualmente, foi possível concluir que "Automated Deployment" acelera a autorização, coordenação e implementação de alterações. Diversas práticas como "Feedback Loops", "Stakeholder Participation", "Continuous Integration" e "Delivery" levaram a um aumento de desempenho dos processos
Multi-region investigation of ‘man’ as default in attitudes
Get PDFPrevious research has studied the extent to which men are the default members of social groups in terms of memory, categorization, and stereotyping, but not attitudes which is critical because of attitudes’ relationship to behavior. Results from our survey (N > 5000) collected via a globally distributed laboratory network in over 40 regions demonstrated that attitudes toward Black people and politicians had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward the men rather than the women of the group. However, attitudes toward White people had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward White women than White men, whereas attitudes toward East Asian people, police officers, and criminals did not have a stronger relationship with attitudes toward either the men or women of each respective group. Regional agreement with traditional gender roles was explored as a potential moderator. These findings have implications for understanding the unique forms of prejudice women face around the world.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Integração de expressões culturais no processo educativo angolano: Um olhar ao contexto malanjino
Get PDFA presente dissertação teve como objetivo central estudar os fatores que contribuem ou limitam a integração de expressões culturais no processo educativo angolano, tomando como objeto empírico duas escolas do I Ciclo do Ensino Secundário, localizadas em Malanje, Angola. A investigação revela-se particularmente pertinente na medida que incide sobre um dos aspetos estruturantes das desigualdades sociais e culturais no ambiente educativo angolano. A pesquisa adota uma abordagem qualitativa, de natureza exploratória. Recolheu-se os dados empíricos com recurso a entrevistas semiestruturadas dirigidas ao diretor do Gabinete Municipal da Educação de Malanje, aos gestores escolares e aos professores das duas escolas, posteriormente, analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam que, no contexto malanjino, a cultura local ocupa um lugar marginal no quotidiano escolar, sendo inserida de forma esporádica, simbólica e dependente da vontade individual dos agentes educativos. Do ponto de vista prático, a pesquisa contribui para o alargamento do debate sobre a relação entre cultura e educação em Angola, assim como para a identificação do "modus operandi" da gestão escolar pública e público-privada, mapeando práticas pedagógicas e administrativas que possibilitam a articulação entre a cultura local e o projeto pedagógico das escolas.The present dissertation aimed to study the factors that either contribute to or limit the integration of cultural expressions into the Angolan educational process, using as its empirical object two lower secondary schools located in Malanje, Angola. The research is particularly relevant as it focuses on one of the structural aspects of social and cultural inequalities within the Angolan educational environment. The study adopts a qualitative, exploratory approach. Empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted with the Director of the Municipal Education Office of Malanje, school administrators, and teachers from both schools. The data were subsequently analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results show that, in the context of Malanje, local culture occupies a marginal place in the daily school routine, being incorporated sporadically, symbolically, and depending on the individual will of educational agents. From a practical standpoint, the research contributes to expanding the debate on the relationship between culture and education in Angola, as well as identifying the modus operandi of both public and public-private school management, mapping pedagogical and administrative practices that enable the articulation between local culture and the schools’ pedagogical projects
Compact beam-scanning reflectarray antenna with SLL reduction using in-plane panel translations
Get PDFA mechanical beam-scanning reflectarray (RA) antenna is presented for Ka band. The 1D steering of the beam is achieved through linear in-plane panel translations, which can be implemented at low cost using a rail-mounted moving RA panel. Compared to related works, a highly uniform beam level is achieved with a remarkably compact antenna profile. A new technique is also proposed to mitigate the high side lobes caused by the compact antenna optics, achieving an estimated 2.3 dB reduction in maximum SLL. The manufactured prototype has a panel size of 256.4 by 187.2 mm with 2898 elements, and an F/D of only 0.47. A measured scan loss of 1.1 dB is achieved over a 45-degree scanning range. The measured gain is 31.6 dBi and the aperture efficiency is 24.7% at the design frequency of 29.5 GHz, with SLL between −9.4 and −17.5 dB. In-band measurements show a 1 dB bandwidth from 28 to over 32 GHz (11.9%).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
At school … with and without a computer: The importance of ICT in the school of the future
Get PDFWe live in a globalised, knowledge-hungry society in which the immediacy of information is increasingly a necessity that has become a reality even in the most remote places. This article aims to reflect on the importance of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education, emphasising the need for skills and literacies in a globalised society. The school must provide tools that enable the acquisition of these competences, but the lack of continuous teacher training and adequate resources limits the effective use of these technologies in the classroom. The main research question concerns teachers’ perceptions of ICT, the most widely adopted technologies, and their impact on their daily lives. To answer the research question, we defined the main objectives as understanding teachers’ perceptions of ICT and identifying the technologies most used in teaching, highlighting how they can transform the learning process and improve the results of students, especially those with the most difficulties. The aim of this work is to find out how teachers perceive the use of ICT and, at the same time, to demonstrate that its use in the classroom enhances the teaching–learning process, making it more relevant, effective, and in line with the demands of the contemporary world.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Oil price swings and inflationary echoes: The impact of oil market shocks on consumer and producer prices in Europe and the U.S.
Get PDFThis paper empirically investigates the impact of oil price fluctuations on inflation in France, Germany, Portugal, and the United States. Employing a Structural Vector Autoregression (SVAR) model, we analyze the effects of oil supply shocks, global aggregate demand shocks, and oil-specific demand shocks on headline and core inflation as well as the Producer Price Index. Our findings indicate that oil market shocks have non-persistent inflationary effects, with producer prices showing greater volatility compared to consumer prices. The most significant effects stem from oil-specific demand shocks. The study highlights the need for central banks to consider various inflation metrics and the adoption of renewable energies to mitigate the instability caused by oil price swings. The response of each economy to the shocks differs from consumer price and producer price perspectives, revealing the importance of analyzing distinct economic realities and using different inflation measures for more robust conclusions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio