Rajesh Varma
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Process optimization of extruded noodles from Cocoyam (Colocasia Esculenta) and Bambara groundnut (Vigna Subterranea) flour
No full textA noodle is a thin, long strip of spaghetti or a similar flour paste consumed with a sauce or taken with warm water with sugar and milk added as desired. In this regard, a modified noodle was produced from cocoyam with Bambara ground nut added to enhance the nutritional composition of the noodle. Central Composite Design (CCD) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used in the optimization procedure. The aim was to develop the best mix of procedure variables that can give optimum formulation with a high protein. The process variables were feed composition (X1), barrel temperature (X2), and feed moisture composition (X3). The responses were moisture, protein, fat, and fiber. Regression models and residual plots were generated and adequacy was tested with regression coefficient (R2) and the lack of fit test. Results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the process variables had a significant effect on the protein (p < 0.05). Results for regression coefficients prove a fair fit of the model. The optimum noodle had 60g of Bambara ground nut, 120 oC barrel temperature, and 16% moisture content. Its responses were 10.66 mg/100g protein, 0.95 mg/100g fat, 1.60 mg/100g ash, and 1.75 mg/100g fiber. The optimized recipe shows improve nutrients.</p
Surgical management of the urogenital problem in male cattle
No full textObstructive urolithiasis is urine retention due to the calculi lodgment in the urinary tract. Thus, treatment of urolithiasis is basically to establish normal urinary passage, which can be accomplished in various ways depending on the severity of the condition. This case report describes surgical management of urolithiasis through penile amputation in a five-year-old local breed bull that was brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu Ethiopia with a complaint of difficulty in passing urine that had developed certain days before presentations. Upon presentation, the animal was found to be dull and depressed, and tail wringing, stamping the feet, kicking at the abdomen, and stretching were observed. On clinical examination per rectal palpation, the urinary bladder was distended. Based on the history and rigorous clinical examination the case was tentatively diagnosed as obstructive urolithiasis. Then penile amputation was performed through a post-scrotal approach after aseptic preparation and controlling of the animal in the appropriate position. Fortunately, after surgery, the animal was urinated continuously and postoperative follow-up and complications were recorded. Finally, the bull was uneventfully recovered and the skin suture was removed on the 15th day of the operation. </p
Secukinumab Associated Choroidal Neovascularization
No full textA previously healthy 38-year-old woman with non-radiographic spondyloarthritis (nrSpA) developed juxta-foveal Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) in the right eye three months after starting treatment with the anti-IL-17A inhibitor secukinumab. As there was no sign of ocular inflammation, no known association with CNV and this rheumatic disease, and other etiologic etiologies were excluded, this biologic agent was the suspected cause. Drug discontinuation and treatment with bevacizumab resulted in full suppression of the neovascular activity. IL-17 has a purported etiologic role in ocular neovascular diseases. The onset of this process in a patient receiving anti-IL-17 therapy suggests a possible causative role requiring further clarification.</p
Breastfeeding and women living with HIV: Is it possible to move beyond the avoidance?
No full textThe risk of mother-to-infant transmission of HIV 1 during breastfeeding ranges from 10% to 15% in the absence of maternal Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and infant Antiretroviral (ARV) prophylaxis. WHO guidelines 2016 recommend women living with HIV and fully supported for ART adherence should breastfeed for at least 12 months and up to 24 months or longer. Anyway, in high-income settings, women living with HIV are suggested to avoid breastfeeding, regardless of maternal viral load or antiretroviral therapy status. The advantages of breastfeeding in low and middle-income settings are well recognized. This brief narrative review aims to summarize existing evidence on mechanisms and risk factors for HIV transmission during breastfeeding and the possible prevention strategies in the context of ART adherence. </p
The benefits of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in the assessment of health and exercise performance
No full textThe purpose of this brief report is to stimulate further interest and to raise awareness in relation to the usefulness of assessing cardiac autonomic nerve function using heart rate variability (HRV). The paper outlines the mechanisms associated with HRV and the relationships between HRV, health, and athletic performance. The paper then summarizes the potential benefits of HRV in the assessment of health and exercise adaptations. The paper also provides suggestions about the practical implications of HRV measurement during data collection. We hope that the content provides useful information for the application of HRV for health evaluation and training adaptations. In addition, we hope the paper will provide a better understanding of how HRV measurements can be interpreted and used. Finally, the paper provides practical applications that are effective in the assessment of health and athletic training program outcomes.</p
Expression of PAR2 and NF-κB in human primary dental pulp odontoblasts during the progression of caries
No full textIncreased proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) expression is observed in various diseases related to inflammation. However, the expression of PAR2 in odontoblasts in response to dental caries has not been investigated. Therefore, to explore the functions of odontoblasts during the progression of carious infection, we measured PAR2 and NF-κB expression using immunofluorescence techniques in the odontoblast layer and pulpocytes in the sub-odontoblast region of 44 teeth extracted from children undergoing dental treatment (eight sound samples, 13 early carious samples, 16 advanced carious samples, and eight exposed pulp samples). PAR2 and NF-κB were expressed at moderate levels in sound teeth with non-carious pulp, and the expression levels changed as caries progressed. PAR2 was significantly upregulated in the odontoblast layer during early-stage and advanced-stage caries, and reduced below healthy levels in teeth with exposed pulp. NF-κB was significantly upregulated in early-stage caries and significantly downregulated in advanced-stage and late-stage caries. Moreover, in the sub-odontoblast region, NF-κB expression increased with the progression of caries. Overall, this study suggests PAR2 may represent a crucial cell signalling receptor in the dentine-pulp complex during dental inflammation, and that NF-κB may be one of the key pathways that regulate inflammatory immune responses in the dental pulp. </p
The spiral wave trajectory motion of particles is the only reason for the establishment of the Poincare regression theorem (Background radiation is not evidence of the big bang of the cosmic singularity)
No full textIn short, an isolated and limited system will return to a state very close to the initial state in the long-term evolution process. For example, in a container, gas particles rotate in chaos and return to their initial position after a period of time. I have proved that everything is a spiral wave track (path) and has the property of wave: v = Fλ ; λ= uT. It is proved that any finite object (particle) has a common period: the nearest distance and the farthest distance. Such as the earth and the moon; Earth and the sun; The three bodies of the earth, the moon and the sun, and the comet and the earth all meet periodically. Particles also have this property. The principle is due to the periodicity of the spiral of an object.The Poincare regression theorem is proved by the spiral periodic wave pattern of the object.Mathematical classification code: 70F20;70F45;03D55;76Y99; 81V25; 37A55 </p
Strategies to fight COVID-19: Beyond the difference between SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza virus
No full textBackground: Since the outbreak of COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the epidemic has spread worldwide and posed a great threat to society. Despite great achievements in COVID-19 research, few studies have focused on the similarities and differences between SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses. Results: Through a review of the literature on SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses, we found that influenza occurs every year, and influenza pandemics occur irregularly. The uncomplicated human influenza viruses primarily affect the larger airways and rarely the alveoli. However, SARS-CoV-2 mainly involves the deep airways and lungs and can cause DAD, leading to severe hypoxemia. In general, SARS-CoV-2 is no less infectious than the influenza virus. However, its destructive power to the lungs is no less than the avian influenza virus. There is currently no clinical vaccine and specific inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2.Conclusions: SASR-CoV-2 damages lung function more severely than the influenza virus, with higher morbidity, mortality, and severe disease rates. Controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting susceptible populations are critical to the fight against SARS-CoV-2.</p
Importance of atomic physics in verification of experimental results and diagnostics of solar and astrophysical observations
No full textAccurate results are needed to confirm the experimental results of various atomic processes and analyze the solar and astrophysical observations of intensities of emission lines to infer plasma parameters like electron density, electron temperature and element abundance. A number of theories have been developed over the years to calculate phase shifts when electrons and positrons are scattered from targets. We discuss in this article the recent hybrid theory which has been applied to scattering processes, resonances and photoabsorption process, which is a bound-free transition.</p
A simple algorithm for GCD of polynomials
No full textBased on the Bezout approach we propose a simple algorithm to determine the gcd of two polynomials that don't need division, like the Euclidean algorithm, or determinant calculations, like the Sylvester matrix algorithm. The algorithm needs only n steps for polynomials of degree n. Formal manipulations give the discriminant or the resultant for any degree without needing division or determinant calculation. </p