Rajesh Varma
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The influence of cold storage on the characteristics of platelet concentrate
No full textIntroduction: Platelet concentrates (PC) are among the most needed blood components used to correct thrombocytopenia of various origins. The main problems in transfusion therapy are the risks of infectious complications associated with the limited shelf life of platelet concentrates at storage. The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the quality parameters of apheresis platelet concentrate prepared on two additional solutions: experimental additional solution (ASexp) containing sodium fumarate and SSP+ solution. Objective: To perform a comparative analysis of quality parameters, metabolic rate, hemostatic ability, and markers of activation and apoptosis of platelets (15 units) prepared on an experimental additional solution containing sodium fumarate and on an additional SSP+ solution for prolonged storage periods (15 days) at a temperature of 4 °C ± 2 °C. Materials and methods: We have studied the parameters of the thrombography, metabolism, hemostatic potential, markers of activation, and apoptosis for prolonged periods (15 days) of storage at a temperature of 4 °C ± 2 °C. Results: The results of the study indicate that during prolonged cold storage (15 days), there is a slight decrease in the number of platelets, a decrease in the level of metabolism, and significant morphofunctional changes occur both when using SSP+ and ASexp additional solutions. At the same time, hemostatic activity remains at a fairly high level throughout the entire storage period. The results of the analysis for most of the studied parameters did not reveal significant differences between the groups. At the same time, the parameters mandatory for quality control and safety met the standard values by the end of the observation period. Conclusion: Our data indicate the possibility of using the developed additional solution based on sodium fumarate for storing platelets at a temperature of +4 °C ± 2 °C for 15 days.</p
A multicenter interventional study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Lavanda aroma in reducing anxiety and pain in patients undergoing PROstatic BIOpsy (LA-BIOPRO): Study protocol
No full textBackground: A prostatic biopsy is a diagnostic test used in cases of suspected prostate cancer. The patient expresses significant levels of anxiety from the very first outpatient visits; anxiety and pain management is essential for a successful outcome of the procedure. Lavender oil is one of the essential oils that is commonly used in aromatherapy to reduce anxiety and pain, its low toxicity and side effects have made it the preferred treatment in complementary medicine.Aim: To assess the 'effectiveness of lavender scent in decreasing the levels of anxiety and pain in patients undergoing a prostatic biopsy.Methods: An interventional non-pharmacological, randomized, two-arm, multi-center, nonprofit study. The SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo Hospital and the City of Alessandria Clinic, Monza Polyclinic of Alessandria, will enroll consecutively all adult patients undergoing outpatient prostatic biopsy from April 1, 2022, to October 1, 2022. The Numerical Rating Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale will be used for assessments.Conclusion: Lavender oil aromatherapy could have a clinically significant effect on reducing pain and anxiety during prostatic biopsy procedures; its simple use, safety, and low cost provide a therapeutic option to be considered, complementary to other medical interventions in certain clinical settings. </p
The clinical boundary between deviant behavior and criminal conduct: From maladaptive positions to pathological dysfunctionality using the “Graded Antisociality Model” (GA-M), the “Antisocial Severity Scale” (AS-S) and “Perrotta-Marciano questionnaire on
No full textThe concepts of deviance and criminality are often confused or grouped, following a sociological logic. In the clinic, there is a need to distinguish them, speaking of “deviant behaviors” as active human acts that result in a violation of a social norm determined by the community and that do not provide a sanction of a legal nature (e.g., personal use of drugs)”, while from “criminal behaviors” as active human acts that result in a violation of an exclusively legal norm and that provides a sanction of a civil-administrative nature (compensation for damages, restitution, demolition, suspension, disbarment, and administrative detention) or criminal (fine, fine, imprisonment and arrest)”. Even more succinctly, we can consider “deviant and criminal behavior” (DCB) as all those active human acts that constitute a violation of a social and/or legal rule, and their transgression provides for the application of a punitive sanction. Based on this assumption, we propose a) the Graded Antisocial Model (GA-M), which considers antisociality as a graded phenomenon that is reinforced over time through active behaviors that are not limited by the social context of reference, becoming then a structured personality disorder only when the individual’s self-centeredness becomes rigid and dysfunctional; b) the Antisocial Severity Scale (AS-S), which draws the pathological and dysfunctional evolution of antisociality, in five levels (yellow for emotional dysfunctionality, orange for self-centeredness, red for violation of social rules and violence to property, animals, and people, purple for severe violation of legal rules and black for structured psychopathology); c) the Perrotta-Marciano Questionnaire on the state of awareness of one’s deviant and criminal behaviors (ADCB-Q), in 30 items on L1-6 scale, which defines both deviant and criminal tendency and the grade of awareness of one’s pathological state.</p
The determinants of bushmeat consumption in urban areas in Laos
No full textThis study aims to examine the determinants of bushmeat consumption in urban areas in Laos. Men consume more bushmeat than women. Job, the government official was the major bushmeat consumer, but there was no proven by statistical approaches from this study we have done. The education of people who consume bushmeat has finished high school level. Ethnic, Lao Loum people have a negative impact on bushmeat consumption, but for Hmong or Lao Theung people, bushmeat is a long tradition of eating and being a major food source. In addition, believing in eating bushmeat can make people healthy is also valid. </p
Immunosenescence and ACE2 protein expression: Association with SARS-CoV-2 in older adults
No full textAt the end of 2019, in Wuhan, China, an outbreak of cases of respiratory tract infection emerged and its progressive infection mainly affects adults, generating many cases of pneumonia. A type of coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, with genomic similarity to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, was identified as the etiological agent. The evolution of this pandemic has made it possible to verify the similarity in the pathophysiological mechanisms between these three viruses, identifying the Angiotensin-Converting protein-Enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2. This age group is more prone to developing extrapulmonary complications from SARS-CoV-2 since the clinical and pathological findings suggest a particular relationship between greater expression of ACE2 and the comorbidities of chronic degenerative diseases and the greater expression of ACE2 at the level of the respiratory tract. It has also revealed the mechanisms by which the virus evades the innate immune response and the Th1-type adaptive response. The objective of this work was to analyze immunosenescence and its relationship with SARS-CoV-2 infection, through the review of the most recent articles (2021-2022), which describes the senescent state of the elderly. In addition, it intends to highlight the probable causes for which the most vulnerable population group (adults over 60 years of age) is more prone to presenting complications during the infection.</p
Role of plant-derived natural compounds in macrophage polarization
No full textMacrophages are important cells of the immune system and are sufficiently plastic to polarize either an M1 state or M2 state. Depending on the signals received from different intrinsic or extrinsic factors, the macrophage polarity is determined. These cells are distributed in every tissue of the body and are also found as circulating cells in the bloodstream called ‘monocytes’. Natural products may be one extrinsic factor to modulate macrophage polarization. It is important to understand the mechanism by which natural products drive the polarization of macrophages. Based on recent advancements in the understanding of immunology, macrophages are classified as classically activated and alternatively activated, also designated as M1 and M2 macrophages respectively. The resident brain macrophages (microglia) get activated under stress and attain the M1 macrophage phenotype which is related to inflammatory mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration while treatment with plant-derived natural compounds drives the M1 microglia towards the M2 type which prevents the inflammatory response and protects the neurons. Understanding the mechanism of polarization of macrophages by natural compounds will be useful in treating different types of inflammatory diseases including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of macrophage polarization using plant-derived natural compounds and their ability to regulate the pathophysiology of the tissues.</p
Intestinal microbiota and related metabolites are essential mediators for adoptive γδT cell antitumor immunotherapy
No full textIntestinal microbiotas modulate multiple biochemical reactions and immune hemostasis of the host, numerous pieces of evidence have revealed that they are also tightly involved in the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapy. However,s which way local intestinal microbiota influences the activity of distant organs is still unknown. In this review, we highlighted the importance of metabolites produced by intestinal microbiotas which disorder prompted cytotoxic capability of adoptive γδT cells. The microbiota-metabolites-γδT cell axis is dominant in the antitumor immune response of adoptive γδT cell immunotherapy. </p
Overview of Foodborne viruses: Important viruses, outbreaks, health concerns, food Handling and fresh produce
No full textFoodborne viruses can transmit through food in lots of ways including consuming items of animal origin containing zoonotic viruses, consuming contaminated food handled by infected food workers, and consuming contaminated food produced by humans. Viral foodborne illnesses are now a major contributor to all foodborne illness reports in recent years and are seen as a rising issue to the public health of humans and animals. Noroviruses and hepatitis A viruses were shown to be predominantly linked to the food-handler transmission and sewage-contaminated foods, according to microbiological research. In order to facilitate source attribution and identify risk preventive measures, routine, standard surveillance of viral outbreaks, and surveillance of virus occurrence in food products, combined with systematic strain typing, food and clinical microbiologists, would be advocated.</p
Dioxygen and reactive oxygen species’ paramagnetic properties are important factors in dermatology
No full textDioxygen (the O2 molecule) is an important component of all tissues including skin. Even small fluctuations of O2 amount (dioxygen concentration changes in the tissue microenvironment) can strongly affect the signaling functions of cells through the reactive oxygen species (ROSs) activity and hence - the whole cellular metabolism, the cell proliferation, and differentiation, etc [1,2].</p
Perineal herniorrhaphy along with anal sacculectomy in dog: Case report
No full textA perineal hernia may occur unilateral or bilateral to the perineum. This may be due to the weakening and disassembly of the pelvic floor muscles, leading to abdominal visceral herniation to the perineal region and needing surgical reconstruction of the pelvic floor. The purpose of this case report is to describe the surgical correction of unilateral perineal hernia along with anal sacculectomy using transposition of internal obturator muscle. After aseptic preparation of the surgical site, an elliptical skin incision over the hernia swelling was performed. From there, the presence of the sac, contents, and adhesion were evaluated, the contents were relocated and the opening was closed with a layer. In the same manner, the anal gland was excised by surgical means. Clinical outcomes including postoperative complications and recur are assessed. Upon regular follow-up, for two months the case didn’t recur and suddenly died later for unrelated reasons.</p