1993 research outputs found
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The Effects of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Fasted High-Intensity Interval Training in Recreationally Trained Individuals
Get PDFIntroduction: High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Intermittent Fasting (IF) are popular trends in health and fitness, but research has not yet determined if IF complements or interferes with HIIT. Carbohydrate mouth rinse (CHO) has the potential to improve the performance of those participating in HIIT whilst fasting by reducing central fatigue. This study investigated the effects of CHO on fasted HIIT performance in recreationally trained individuals. Method: Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised crossover design, the study involved 15 recreationally trained subjects who completed cycling HIIT sessions under three conditions: CHO, placebo (PLA), and water (WAT). Primary outcomes of peak and mean power were measured, along with secondary outcomes of heart rate, distance and subjective measures. Results: No significant differences were found in peak or mean power between the three conditions. Both CHO and PLA conditions significantly (p<0.05) increased mean and peak heart rate, with medium-large effect sizes, compared to WAT, with no difference in perceptual responses. Conclusions: CHO and PLA mouth rinse may enhance HIIT performance in a fasted state by allowing the accumulation of greater metabolic stress, and thus physiological adaptations, for no increased perceptual cost. The greater metabolic stress may be the result of more work being completed in the first interval, however the sample size was insufficient to fully determine this. Since there appear to be no negative side-effects, rinsing the mouth with a CHO solution seems to be an accessible and cost-effective adjunct to HIIT training in the fasted state
Green Banking in Hong Kong: Exploring the Attitudes and Knowledge of Middle Tier Management in Foreign Banks
Get PDFHong Kong banks have exploited the concept of green banking to show commitment and support for environmental sustainability. Institutions have adopted the concept of green banking as a measure of environmental compliance and legitimacy to governments, regulators and society. The transition by banks to a sustainable business model demands the
resolute commitment of employees to environmental protocols. This study investigated the perceptions and behaviour of bank managers to green banking practices.
Defining green banking as anything associated with resource preservation and sustainable finance.
The study embraced the constructivist grounded theory approach with qualitative data collected from Hong Kong bank managers through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Data generation and analysis was concurrent and employed constant comparison
methodology, requiring higher levels of conceptualisation and abstraction. The development
of the Green Banking Cultural Theory evolved from the discovery of th
Measuring Collective Action Intention Toward Gender Equality Across Cultures
Get PDFCollective action is a powerful tool for social change and is fundamental to women and girls’ empowerment on a societal level. Collective action towards gender equality could be understood as intentional and conscious civic behaviors focused on social transformation, questioning power relations, and promoting gender equality through collective efforts. Various instruments to measure collective action
intentions have been developed, but to our knowledge none of the published measures were subject to invariance testing. We introduce the gender equality collective action intention (GECAI) scale and examine its psychometric isomorphism and measurement invariance, using data
from 60 countries (N = 31,686). Our findings indicate that partial scalar measurement invariance of the GECAI scale permits conditional comparisons of latent mean GECAI scores across countries. Moreover, this metric psychometric isomorphism of the GECAI means we can interpret scores at the country-level (i.e., as a group attribute) conceptual
Impact of green bonds on traditional equity markets
No full textThis study examines the broader U.S. green bond market, with focus on its association with the U.S traditional equity market from 2016–2021. For this purpose, we use the S&P Green Bond Index, the S&P U.S. Aggregate Bond Index, and the S&P 500 to build the connection between the markets based on both univariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and multivariate vector autoregression (VAR) models. Our empirical results show that the patterns of returns and the volatility behavior of green bonds included significant changes over the years of study. The findings highlight the importance of the emergence and evolution of the promising green bonds market, thus providing useful policy implications for portfolio and risk management as well as asset pricing. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the impact of green bonds on equity markets
A feasibility study to develop a predictive modelling tool prospectively to reduce weaning failure rate from mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients admitted to adult critical care unit
Get PDFAdoptive Parenting From Placement to Adoption Order: “Long, Gruelling, Intrusive and in the End… Just Another Number on Someone’s Spreadsheet”
Get PDFAdoption is the process of the removal of parental rights from birth parent(s) to adoptive parent(s) (Seymor 2019). This research will consider the lived experiences of eight adoptive parents during the process of adopting their children, all eight adoptive parents have been given full parental responsibilities through the UK court system (UK Government, 2024).
This research is new, it fills a gap in knowledge when considering the lived experiences of adoptive parents from when their child(ren) move in (placement) until they are legally considered their children (order) (UK Government, 2024). This is an area of research that has not been considered previously. The experiences and views of adoptive parents below is hard hitting, unexpected and at times shocking. This research identifies a number of challenges for adoptive parents, who are parenting some of the most vulnerable children in society (Jenson & Fraser 2016) at the same time as trying to construct a new family.
Recommendations are made at the end of this research which include bespoke training for adopters, independent support and guidance for adopters and specialist professionals who understand the needs of adoptive families in this timeframe
Active Together: Exploring Parental Engagement with Preschoolers’ Physical Activity
No full textGlobally, young children’s participation in physical activity (PA) falls below the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) recommendations of daily PA. Parents have control over the activities their pre-school children participate in. It is therefore of importance to gain an understanding of how parents engage with their preschooler’s PA. This dissertation used the social ecological model (SEM) to gain an understanding of parental engagement with physical activity for Nursery children (ages 3-4) in Sandwell, UK. Semi structured interviews were conducted with parents and staff at a Nursery unit. Each parent/child dyad was given a MiniMovers equipment bag and set of activity cards to use at home and invited back for a follow up interview. Data was analysed using the process of thematic analysis. Several barriers were identified across multiple levels of the SEM. A significant finding was a lack of parent and staff knowledge of the PA guidelines. This highlighted a gap between policy level and practice. Public Health information is not being successfully disseminated to Early Years staff or parents. Further studies, using the SEM as a framework, are required to examine the multiple factors that influence how policies are transferred to practice
Language Attitudes Towards Arabic and English in the State of Qatar: A study of secondary schoolchildren, in two dual language private schools predominantly attended by Qatari and native Arabic-speaking children
Get PDFThe State of Qatar is an increasingly multicultural and multilingual society. The increased presence of the English language has led to some questions regarding the
Arabic language’s vitality within the country. As Qatar aims to modernise into a
knowledge-based society while also maintaining its Arab and Islamic culture, the Qatari government had introduced various legislation to promote use of the Arabic language. Research on bilingualism and language attitudes is particularly scarce in the region and studies rarely focus on the views and perceptions of students, particularly those within secondary education. The current research therefore investigated language attitudes of 12 students within two private schools predominantly attended by Qatari nationals, through the distribution of questionnaires examining language preferences and usages both within and outside the classroom. Three teachers from the two schools were also interviewed to understand the practices and implementations of the schools’ linguistic aims. The research aimed to understand whether such attitudes could indicate any language shifts to or from either language. While students noticed a preference for EMI and a lack of Arabic proficiency was noted by pupils and interviewed staff members, the Arabic language was still found to occupy a position of importance, largely due to its cultural and religious links. The research therefore concluded by identifying the need to focus more on developing sustainable Arabic-English bilingual policies, rather than viewing the languages at conflict and giving rise to potential shifts
Beyond Borders: Exploring the Life Significance of Outdoor Adventure Education Study Abroad Programmes in Wales
Get PDFResearch into the life significance of OAE programmes in relatively limited. Numerous calls have been made to explore beyond the confines of course outcomes, asking instead for inquiry into the processes in place within programmes that promote life enhancing learning. This study set out to explore the life significance attributed to participation in a OAE study abroad programme that immerse participants in the culture of Wales, by utilising a variety of adventurous activities, whilst incorporate educational inputs and outputs surrounding experiential learning. Utilising a two phase qualitative methodology of open ended surveys and semi structured interviews. The rich narrative data gathered was transparently analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, to generate themes of meaning that were interwoven into the data. The findings derived from these themes indicate that participation in a university study abroad programme, has contributed to participants developing self awareness and has positively changed the personal outlooks and attitudes of respondents. The exploration into the programmatic attributes of the study abroad programme suggested that participating in challenging adventurous activities, in socially dynamic groups coupled with evolving reflective practices, enhanced the significance of the experience. Enabling participants of the programme to go beyond the borders of their preconceived ideas of their personal limits and carry these realisations into the next phases of their lives. It is hoped that the findings of this study will simultaneously contribute to the praxis of OAE practitioners and to the emerging research field exploring the significant life experiences of OAE programmes
Investigating EMV chip and pin card security
Get PDFFollowing the COVID-19 outbreak in 2019, there was a global shift towards card payments over traditional cash transactions, preferring chip and pin cards. Within the context of this study, these are called EMV cards. In the financial industry, the EMV protocol is a global standard for credit and debit card transactions using chip enabled smart cards. EMV stands for Europay, MasterCard, and Visa, the three companies that initially developed the standard. As the adoption of these cards rose, so did the incidents of hacking and exploitation attempts. Motivated by these challenges, the author chose to investigate the security aspects of the EMV protocol.
Throughout the investigation, the author successfully executed a MITM attack on three bank cards, effectively intercepting the communications between the cards and the terminal. By carefully analyzing these intercepted packets, the author was able to extract crucial card details, including the card number, expiry date, card type, transaction amount, and currency. The author also managed to obtain the PIN code for two of the cards successfully
This report aims to achieve a deeper understanding of the EMV protocol's functioning and identify the specific protocol features employed in Chip-and-PIN cards. Additionally, the study seeks to identify any potential security vulnerabilities in the transaction process.
The findings and insights gained from this study are expected to contribute valuable knowledge to enhance the overall security of card payment systems in today's interconnected financial landscape
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