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Anesthetic effects of a mixture of xylazine, ketamine, and buprenorphine in laboratory rats subjected to short surgical procedures
Get PDFBackground: Rodents are commonly used as models in experimental procedures, and researchers often need to perform rapid manipulations involving sedation and analgesia. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of the combination of xylazine and ketamine in association with buprenorphine in experimental rats undergoing short-term surgical procedures. Methods: Twenty-six male rats were enrolled in experiments. Thirty minutes before the start of the procedure, buprenorphine (0.05 mg/Kg) was administered subcutaneously. The sedative protocol included intraperitoneal (IP) administration of 70 mg/Kg ketamine and 10 mg/Kg xylazine. Additionally, at the end of the procedure, all rats received 0.1 mg/Kg of atipamezole IP. Immediately before sedation and at 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after atipamezole administration, the main cardiorespiratory parameters were recorded. In addition, induction time, depth of anesthesia, duration of the procedure, recovery time, and pain score were recorded. Results: The mean induction time was 2.29 ± 0.95 minutes. At the time of surgery, all subjects showed a deep anesthetic plane (score ≥ 3), and no response to skin incision was observed (score = 0). The time to recovery from the righting reflex after atipamezole administration was 3.66 ± 1.09 minutes. No rats showed signs of pain based on the rat Grimace scale. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the association of opioids with the xylazine/ketamine protocol ensures rapid induction and good analgesia during short procedures with mild/moderate painful stimulation. Furthermore, the administration of atipamezole facilitates rapid recovery and resumption of motor activity
Diritto e Management delle strutture sanitarie e dei dipartimenti farmaceutici
No full textIl manuale, frutto dell’esperienza di oltre un decennio nello svolgimento dei corsi di formazione manageriale per i professionisti della sanità organizzati dall’Università di Camerino in collaborazione con la Regione Marche, offre al lettore un quadro complessivo del diritto sanitario, del management delle strutture sanitarie e dei dipartimenti farmaceutici, insieme agli strumenti necessari per la comprensione del funzionamento degli istituti che regolano il settore e dei principi posti a loro fondamento. Il volume si rivolge sia ai professionisti che vogliono conoscere o approfondire la cornice normativa e teorica in cui si trovano ad operare quotidianamente, sia a quanti per la prima volta, per fini di studio o interesse personale, intendono avvicinarsi ai temi trattati.
La comprensione di un sistema altamente complesso, qual è la sanità e la gestione delle sue strutture, richiede l’interazione tra più ambiti di conoscenza. Perciò il testo ospita contributi di esperti di materie diverse, che vanno dalle discipline giuridiche al management, alla comunicazione, al marketing
How outdoor and indoor green spaces affect human health: a literature review
No full textBackground. The analysis of the complex interactions between outdoor or indoor greenness and the health of individuals and ecosystems is a topic of current and growing interest. Study design. This review aims to examine and summarise the results of studies conducted to evaluate the effects of exposure to greenness on various aspects of human health and the natural environment.Methods. For this purpose, in April 2024 we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, Google Scholar and specialised books.Results. Evidence gathered demonstrates a remarkable correlation between exposure to outdoor and indoor greenness and the improvement of mental health, including the reduction of stress, anxiety, and depression. Contact with greenness is also associated with improvements in physical health, such as reductions in blood pressure, heart rate, and inflammation, as well as in cognitive abilities, concentration, and overall recovery.These benefits are recognisable both in outdoor spaces, such as urban parks, oases, and public gardens, and in indoor spaces, through the introduction of plants and nature-evoking elements in living and working environments. The presence of vegetation in indoor environments, such as offices, schools, healthcare facilities, prisons, and others, can contribute to improving the quality of social spaces, fostering communication, and collaboration, and attenuating aggressiveness and inequalities, thereby increasing employee satisfaction and work efficiency. The combination of outdoor/indoor green spaces and the well-being of the living environment includes exposure to greater biodiversity, mitigation of extreme weather events, absorption of atmospheric pollutants, attenuation of urban background noise, and increased privacy. The presence of vegetation in urban areas has a positive impact on social cohesion, promoting interpersonal interaction and facilitating the development of more cohesive and inclusive communities, thus supporting a sense of belonging and collective identity. Conclusions. In conclusion, these results underline the importance of considering contact with greenness as a fundamental element in promoting the psychophysical health and well-being of individuals and ecosystems, suggesting the adoption of nature-based therapies and interventions in public health policies and urban planning practices
N-Acyl Homoserine Lactone-Degrading Bacillus sp. Improves the Survival of Penaeus vannamei Larvae Challenged with Vibrio harveyi
Get PDFThis study aimed to isolate AHL-degrading bacteria from the intestine of Penaeus vannamei and evaluate their ability to control pathogenic Vibrio harveyi in P. vannamei larvae. Twenty-seven isolates were obtained from the digestive tract of healthy Pacific white shrimp juveniles (P. vannamei) after six cycles of pasteurization at 70 ◦C, but only three isolates (E1LP2, E2LP1, and E2LP2) could degrade AHL. The 16S sequence results gave a high identity (>95%) with Bacillus sp. The isolates exhibited quorum-quenching abilities by degrading AHLs, thereby disrupting Vibrio quorum sensing and virulence. In Zoea and Mysis, the challenged larvae plus the administration of E1LP2 resulted in the lowest survival compared to the other groups. Isolates degrading N-acyl homoserine lactone improved the survival of shrimp Zoea and Mysis larvae when challenged with pathogenic V. harveyi. This is the first report on the use of quorum-sensing disrupter bacteria in P. vannamei larval shrimp culture. Our findings suggest that these Bacillus spp. strains have
potential as biocontrol agents for sustainable shrimp aquaculture, reducing the reliance on antibiotics while mitigating vibriosis outbreaks
PLoS ONE Editorial Board
No full textPLOS ONE is an inclusive journal community working together to advance science for the benefit of society, now and in the future. Founded with the aim of accelerating the pace of scientific advancement and demonstrating its value, we believe all rigorous science needs to be published and discoverable, widely disseminated and freely accessible to all
Biometric analysis applied to three age classes of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in a population of central Italy
Get PDFRoe deer are often used as bioindicators; however, little is known about the potential relationship between biometric parameters and the different phenological developmental phases of males compared to females.
This study focuses on the analysis of biometric data of three age groups (juveniles, subadults and adults) of the roe deer population, performed on samples collected during the period 2017–2023. The aim is to evaluate the relationship between body/cranial parameters and sex-specific developmental phases, both to create a database and to provide morphological information useful for deepening the knowledge about the roe deer population and for planning management actions, including selective hunting.
Eight cranial linear distances were measured to the nearest 0.05 mm with calipers on the cranium of the roe deer, and four body linear distances were measured to the nearest 1 cm with flexible measuring devices. Data were analysed using ANOVA. Multivariate size-constrained factorial analysis was applied to investigate both shape changes and the shape morphology of the cranium for each age-sex group.
Analysis revealed weak sexual dimorphism; significant differences emerged in head-trunk length, height at
withers and hock length in adults, while chest circumference remained similar. Cranial measurements showed males develop wider cranium earlier, whereas females exhibit prolonged growth in sensory related structures. Factorial analysis confirmed size as the primary differentiating factor among age classes. Males reach adult morphology faster, while females continue cranial development into the second year. Data underline the importance of age and sex in the morphological development of roe deer and highlight that understanding the relationship between body parameters and developmental stages is essential to refine selective hunting criteria and ensure sustainable population management
Ameliorating deleterious effects of ammonia toxicity on Oreochromis niloticus using Yucca schidigera extract as a water supplement
Get PDFThe current study attempted to establish Yucca schidigera extract (YSE) modifying effects on long-term ammonia
(NH3) poisoning in Nile Tilapia. Randomly, 300 Nile tilapia fish were divided into 5 equal groups, each including
four replications. One group was retained as the standard control (1st) group, and the 2nd group was subjected to
NH3 for three weeks (during the last week of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd month of the experiment), and the 3rd, 4th and 5th
groups were supplemented with YSE (6, 8 and 10 mg/L water every 2 days) and subjected to NH3 for three weeks
(during the last week of the 1st, 2nd and the 3rd month of the experiment), respectively. A significant improvement
in water quality was recorded with YSE by increasing dissolved oxygen in the water and decreasing water
pH, total ammonia nitrogen concentration, and un-ionized ammonia. Feed intake and feed conversion were
improved with all groups supplemented with YSE. YSE supplementation to ammonia-polluted water of Nile
tilapia significantly improved liver and kidney functions such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate
aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine, urea, and uric acid. YSE improved immunity
and antioxidant parameters when compared to the ammonia group. Digestive enzymes were enhanced by the
addition of YSE to the ammonia-polluted water of Nile tilapia. In conclusion, our investigation aimed to declare
YSE modulatory effects on the quality of water, growth performance, immunological status, and antioxidant
capacity in fish
Power System Portfolio Selection and CO2 Emission Management Under Uncertainty Driven by a DNN-Based Stochastic Model
No full textA model is proposed to investigate the effects of power generation source diversification and CO2 emission control in the presence of dispatchable fossil fuel sources and non-dispatchable carbon-free renewables. In a stochastic environment in which three random factors are considered, namely fossil fuels (gas and coal) and CO2 prices, we discuss a planning methodology for power system portfolio selection that integrates the non-dispatchable renewables available in a given energy system and optimally combines cost, risk and CO2 emissions. By combining the deep neural network probabilistic forecasting of fossil fuel path prices with a geometric Brownian motion model for describing the CO2 price dynamics, we simulate a wide range of plausible market scenarios. Results show that under CO2 price volatility, optimal portfolios shift toward cleaner energy sources, even in the absence of explicit emission targets, highlighting the implicit regulatory power of volatility. The results suggest that incorporating CO2 price volatility through market mechanisms can serve as an effective policy tool for driving decarbonization. Our model offers a flexible and reproducible approach to support policy design in energy planning under uncertainty
Immunohistochemical insights into hyperthermia‐related deaths: a systematic review
No full textThe diagnosis of hyperthermia-related death presents a significant challenge in the field of forensic medicine due to the lack of pathognomonic signs and the complexity of the variables involved. This systematic review analyzes research on the role of immunohistochemistry (IHC) in postmortem diagnosis of hyperthermia, considering studies related to environmental hyperthermia, fire-related fatalities, and substance-induced hyperthermia. A total of 36 studies were included, selected according to PRISMA guidelines and critically evaluated using JBI tools. The results highlighted significant methodological heterogeneity, with differences in the tissues studied, the immunohistochemical markers used, and the analytical techniques employed. Some markers showed diagnostic potential in cases of fire exposure, but in deaths due to environmental or substance-induced hyperthermia, the markers examined were neither specific nor reliable. Common methodological weaknesses included small sample sizes, biases, and insufficient statistical analysis, which influenced the interpretation of the results. Considering these issues, IHC cannot be considered a valid diagnostic technique for hyperthermia-related deaths. Future studies with greater methodological rigor, validation of specific markers, and standardization of procedures are necessary
A Framework for Rapidly Prototyping Data Mining Pipelines
No full textWith the advent of Big Data, data mining techniques have become crucial for improving decision-making across diverse sectors, yet their employment demands significant resources and time. Time is critical in industrial contexts, as delays can lead to increased costs, missed opportunities, and reduced competitive advantage. To address this, systems for analyzing data can help prototype data mining pipelines, mitigating the risks of failure and resource wastage, especially when experimenting with novel techniques. Moreover, business experts often lack deep technical expertise and need robust support to validate their pipeline designs quickly. This paper presents Rainfall, a novel framework for rapidly prototyping data mining pipelines, developed through collaborative projects with industry. The framework’s requirements stem from a combination of literature review findings, iterative industry engagement, and analysis of existing tools. Rainfall enables the visual programming, execution, monitoring, and management of data mining pipelines, lowering the barrier for non-technical users. Pipelines are composed of configurable nodes that encapsulate functionalities from popular libraries or custom user-defined code, fostering experimentation. The framework is evaluated through a case study and SWOT analysis with INGKA, a large-scale industry partner, alongside usability testing with real users and validation against scenarios from the literature. The paper then underscores the value of industry–academia collaboration in bridging theoretical innovation with practical application