23098 research outputs found
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Näkyväksi tehty : Rakas paikka – Ráhkis báiki, 2025
No full textInstallaatio: puolilaavurakenne puu-, metalli- ja muoviruoteet, postikortteja, siimaa, ongenkoukkuja, kaiutin
Life cycle assessment in circular design process:A systematic literature review
No full textThis study systematically examines the role of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in supporting and validating Circular Design (CD) strategies across industries. Using the PRISMA framework, 99 studies were analyzed to assess how LCA has been applied to evaluate the effectiveness of circular strategies. The findings reveal that Resource Efficiency and Waste Minimization (32.5%) and End-of-Life Planning (27.8%) are the most frequently assessed strategies. In contrast, Product Longevity (10.8%), Circular Business Models (14.2%), and Sustainable Materials (14.6%) receive comparatively less attention. The construction sector (38%) demonstrates the highest implementation of multiple circular strategies, followed by the automotive industry (32%), where LCA has been instrumental in validating material efficiency and lightweighting approaches. While packaging and wind energy sectors show targeted applications of LCA in closed-loop systems and material recovery, industries such as textiles (8%), chemicals (12%), and marine applications (6%) remain underrepresented. LCA plays a critical role in quantifying the environmental benefits and trade-offs of circular strategies, offering valuable insights into resource optimization, emissions reduction, and waste minimization. By assessing hotspots and performance metrics, LCA helps designers, manufacturers, and policymakers make informed decisions on circular interventions. However, methodological inconsistencies, data limitations, and the lack of standardized metrics for evaluating multi-strategy synergies hinder broader implementation. Additionally, certain strategies, such as Water Efficiency and Additive Manufacturing (2% each), remain largely unexplored despite their relevance to circular economy objectives. To address these gaps, future research should prioritize standardizing LCA methodologies, expanding its application in underrepresented sectors, and developing a more structured approach to evaluating synergies between circular strategies. By offering a unified CDS classification and cross-sectoral synthesis, this review supports the effective integration of LCA in circular design practices and provides actionable insights for future research, industry application, and policy development
Developing an integrative understanding of escape mode decisions
No full textOptimal escape theory predicts that individuals should escape when the costs of staying (risk of being injured or killed) exceed the costs of leaving (energetic costs of escape, lost foraging opportunities and costs incurred for monitoring the approaching predator). We extend these theoretical principles to analyse preferences for alternative escape modes in a model animal group, birds, which can escape by either flight (costlier but safer) or using cheaper but riskier alternatives (jump, walk, or swim). We used a large, published database that included 21 222 records on 179 species taken in 15 European localities during the breeding seasons of 2009–2019, with data on escape mode, latitude, habitat (urban or rural), precipitation and temperature. Most individuals escaped by taking flight (15 940 records; 79%). Variation in escape mode decisions was mostly driven by species-specific traits (body size, diet), whereas external environmental variables (climate, geography, habitat) showed small effects. Flight initiation distances were longer when birds escaped by taking flight than when they chose lower-cost alternatives. Overall, escape mode preferences showed spatial and temporal variation compatible with expectations from risk–energy trade-off optimization. Escape mode decisions seemed more related to predation avoidance and flight initiation distance decisions to energy-saving goals. Thus, escape mode preferences interacted with fleeing–staying decisions, suggesting a behavioural integration of different aspects of escape strategies under a general optimization model
Osteometric distinctions between domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus), wild mountain reindeer (R.t.t.), wild forest reindeer (R.t. fennicus), and the identification of castrated reindeer bones:Biometric explorations and archaeological methods
No full textThe types of reindeer hunting, keeping, and herding in Fennoscandia have seen different periods of transformations and have found unique side by side expressions through time. To refine zooarchaeological analysis and scrutinize reindeer domestication and other past ancient human-reindeer relationships in the North, we propose methods for identifying sex, castration status, and ecotype/variety from complete and fragmented reindeer bones. This study examines the leg bones and pelvises of 161 reindeer from the Fennoscandian domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus), Norwegian wild mountain reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and Finnish wild forest reindeer (Rangifer tarandus fennicus). We include intact males, castrated males, and females in our study. Ecotype (fennicus versus tarandus), variety (wild versus domestic tarandus), sex, and castration status are shown to influence bone growth in often element- and dimension-dependent ways. We demonstrate that metric variance is highest in fennicus and castrated domestic tarandus. Slenderness as expressed by diaphysis breadth–length index is sex and (albeit less) ecotype dependent, while distal breadth–bone length indices are mostly ecotype dependent. Scatterplots that combine slenderness with other measurement variables result in independent clustering between groups. The combination of two measurement variables facilitates ecotype/variety, sex, and castration status assignment due to independent clustering of groups. Our classification model based on isometric size and shape can be used to differentiate ecotype/variety, but not sex and castration status, due to limitation of group sizes. This study shows that reindeer ecotype, variety, sex, and castration status can be demonstrated through straightforward osteometric methods. We suggest cautious application in archaeological contexts because of (relative) changes in body size of past reindeer populations and our limited sample size, of especially wild male tarandus.</p
"Increased PAD time makes me a better early childhood education teacher”:Finnish ECE teachers’ perceptions of the significance of planning, assessment, and development reform for implementation of pedagogy
No full textPlanning, assessment, and development (PAD) by teachers are essential for quality pedagogy and early childhood education (ECE). The allocated PAD time for ECE teachers in Finland was increased from 8 percent to 13 percent in 2018. This study aimed to investigate the significance of this PAD time reform for pedagogy implementation by exploring ECE teachers’ perspectives on the support, challenges, and improvement needs related to the reform. Data were collected via an electronic questionnaire, and 282 teachers’ responses were analysed using qualitative content analysis. The study found that, according to teachers, the PAD time reform has strengthened assessment and development work, alongside planning, while also supporting implementing a goal-oriented pedagogy that is more firmly and holistically aligned with the ECE curriculum. Furthermore, the reform has fostered teamwork and pedagogical expertise among ECE professionals. Challenges were linked to ambiguity surrounding the meaning and content of PAD time, atmosphere problems among team members, and concerns about professionals’ fatigue. Therefore, the teachers in the study emphasised the importance of improving PAD time guidelines, practices and resources to enhance not only the pedagogy’s quality but also the professionals’ well-being
Fathers on the ‘night shift’?:Understanding caring fatherhood through parents’ interpretative repertoires of night-time care
No full textThis chapter provides a new perspective on caring fatherhood by analysing interpretative repertoires produced by Finnish fathers and mothers to enable or constrain fathers’ care during the intimate, ‘hidden hours’ between late evenings and early mornings. In addition, interpretative repertoires for sharing night-time care are also explored. Qualitative interviews with Finnish fathers (n = 8) and mothers (n = 23) of children under six years old collected in, 2022 were analysed as empirical data. As a result, barriers, enablers and shared childcare practices constructed on biological, individual/situational, work-related and institutional repertoires were identified. The study is part of the multidisciplinary research project ‘The parental night shift: gendered inequalities in night-time care’ (2022–2027) funded by the Kone Foundation