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Plant diversity dynamics over space and time in a warming Arctic
Get PDFThe Arctic is warming four times faster than the global average and plant communities are responding through shifts in species abundance, composition and distribution. However, the direction and magnitude of local changes in plant diversity in the Arctic have not been quantified. Using a compilation of 42,234 records of 490 vascular plant species from 2,174 plots across the Arctic, here we quantified temporal changes in species richness and composition through repeat surveys between 1981 and 2022. We also identified the geographical, climatic and biotic drivers behind these changes. We found greater species richness at lower latitudes and warmer sites, but no indication that, on average, species richness had changed directionally over time. However, species turnover was widespread, with 59% of plots gaining and/or losing species. Proportions of species gains and losses were greater where temperatures had increased the most. Shrub expansion, particularly of erect shrubs, was associated with greater species losses and decreasing species richness. Despite changes in plant composition, Arctic plant communities did not become more similar to each other, suggesting no biotic homogenization so far. Overall, Arctic plant communities changed in richness and composition in different directions, with temperature and plant–plant interactions emerging as the main drivers of change. Our findings demonstrate how climate and biotic drivers can act in concert to alter plant composition, which could precede future biodiversity changes that are likely to affect ecosystem function, wildlife habitats and the livelihoods of Arctic people
Gender minorities at music festivals
Get PDFPurpose: The purpose was to examine the prevalence and type of inappropriate behaviour gender minorities face and how they perceive such behaviour. The study is framed within Gidley et al.’s social inclusion model, indicating areas where actions are needed to avoid social exclusion. Design/methodology/approach: The research data comprised over 12,000 responses to a web survey, which included 184 responses from gender minority members and four in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The data were analysed using statistical methods and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings: About 59% of gender minority members had experienced inappropriate behaviour, compared to 34% of female festival attendees. The most common form of inappropriate behaviour towards gender minorities was harassment because of gender, followed by sexual harassment, physically threatening situations and harassment because of appearance or clothing. Interviews were analysed against the theoretical framework of social inclusion, determining how the experiences influenced access, participation and empowerment. Practical implications: Festivals must have unisex toilets. Safer space policies should be better communicated, more visible and more practical. Instead of having one harassment contact person, there should be a whole team. Training the festival personnel, particularly the security staff, is highly important. People are reluctant to report problems to the security personnel since those personnel might be part of the problem. There should be members of gender minorities among performers, workers, security staff and volunteers. Originality/value: Studies on inappropriate behaviour at festivals have concentrated on female experiences of sexual harassment. Gender minorities have hardly been studied, even though they face more inappropriate behaviour than any other minority group. Furthermore, gender minorities are typically grouped with sexual minorities even though their experiences differ from one another. We applied Gidley et al.’s hierarchical model of social inclusion to gender minority members in the context of music festivals. In doing so, we added knowledge of attitudes and practices that reduce and endanger feelings of access, participation and empowerment.</p
Sonar-o-Graphy
Get PDFSonar-o-Graphy (S-o-G) is a methodological approach that combines sonar technology and embodied sensibility to explore the intra-action between humans and the underwater world. S-o-G draws on more-than-human ethnography, observing the physical-sensory underwater performance and bridging it with cultural understanding. This merged fusion creates a basis for empathic otherness and opens sensory awareness, offering opportunities to cross boundaries in more-than-human relationships and sensory connections. S-o-G joins the ANT/STS discussion and extends it by emphasizing the need to synchronize humans with the wavelength and resonance of more-than-human entities. In doing so, it elucidates the nature and limitations of human knowledge while facilitating initial beyond-human communication. The S-o-G methodology leverages the combined insights of humans and more-than-humans to generate ideas applicable in organizational settings, stimulating innovative thinking. Its emphasis on sensory attunement acts as a driver in ideation. It shapes views of innovation and fosters creativity in different management contexts
Synthesis Report on Ecosystem Status, Human Impacts and Management Measures in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO-SR)
Get PDFRecognizing the importance of understanding the current and future state of the marine ecosystem in the Central Arctic Ocean, Arctic Council Ministers adopted the 2021 Arctic Council Strategic Plan that outlined the goal of “Synthesizing relevant information on the status, trends and projected changes in the Central Arctic Ocean, human activities and pressures in the area, and the current management measures in place in order to inform future policy and decision making.” The CAO-SR undertakes to respond to the above goal, with the express purpose of synthesizing existing information in order to inform future decisions around the Central Arctic Ocean
Scientific Fabulation
Get PDFAmid the multiple ecological crises at present, this entry approaches responsible innovation as a creative and collaborative process that recognizes the agency of other-than-human species. It introduces the genre of scientific fables that can stretch our imaginations and circles of care beyond humancentric understandings of well-being and knowledge. Unlike classical fables, this kind of transdisciplinary storytelling does not provide moral lessons or simple categories of good and bad, yet it seeks to hesitate, complicate, and make multiple voices heard. Importantly, scientific fables can offer us hope and strength to persevere with wicked problems with others
Elgar Encyclopedia of Innovation Management
Get PDFThis Encyclopedia presents an authoritative overview of innovation management. Contributions from over 100 expert authors address contemporary and emerging challenges through a holistic, inclusive, and ethical lens, redefining dominant paradigms and pushing the boundaries of the field.</p
Community-based art education in the Arctic
No full textIn this exposition, I discuss encounters of culture that occurred in art-based action research (ABAR) with Sámi reindeer herder families in the Finnish regions of Sápmi (the Sámi homeland). Five Sámi reindeer herder families joined an ABAR -project to enhance and stabilise the Sámi reindeer herders' position in the majority society. The research project relates to the Department of Art Education's development of art-based action research, the theory of community-based art education and the concept of 'new genre Arctic art' at the University of Lapland in Rovaniemi, Finland. It is a long-term research project that emphasises participatory and co-research methods. As a researcher, I am in an insider-outsider position, as I live in the same region and share my daily life with a reindeer herder. We started the action by exploring the daily life of the reindeer herders through the Photovoice method. We gathered their photographs in an exhibition called Boazoeallin, a Davvi Sámi (Northern Sámi) word for Reindeer Life. The exhibition inspired the families to continue their visually informative work, and we designed the photographs in a book, also called Boazoeallin. The art-based collaboration with reindeer herders and the Boazoeallin exhibition and book contribute to the 'new genre Arctic art' that embraces participatory contemporary art, emphasising crucial matters of the multicultural Arctic.The Sámi people's history and culture form a destined constitution and obligation for ethical research conducted in Sápmi. The reindeer herders are unfamiliar with contemporary art, which challenged and changed the art education activities. The exposition reflects the challenges for an ethical, participatory, and democratic research approach in ABAR. In the research action, I have sought to frame the terms for which community-based art education best can serve communities of Indigenous cultures, the multicultural northern community, the Arctic, and global interests
Sensemaking Degrowth for Coopetition Strategies:Evidence from Finland
No full textFor long, the remarkable structural development of business and marketing in various industries has relied on the large cooperation networks among competitors, namely intentional and unintentional parallel activities among the firms, that is “coopetition”. The contemporary global grand challenges, such as global warming, growing economic and social uncertainty, and ensuring sustainability, challenge the traditional aims of business, such as the growth tendency, profit maximisation, competition, and mass consumption. Furthermore, these current concerns also challenge scholars in the fields of business, management, and marketing to follow and even to be proactive with these changes. Most of these issues are linked directly or indirectly with the concept of “degrowth”. Degrowth is an emerging paradigm that questions the logic of continuous growth and proposes profound changes in what has been considered economic development. This theoretical study, which is completed with an analysis of Finnish media texts on degrowth, points out the most important changes that can make and shape future coopetition. The study offers a novel approach to coopetition studies by making sense of the degrowth debate.For long, the remarkable structural development of business and marketing in various industries has relied on the large cooperation networks among competitors, namely intentional and unintentional parallel activities among the firms, that is “coopetition”. The contemporary global grand challenges, such as global warming, growing economic and social uncertainty, and ensuring sustainability, challenge the traditional aims of business, such as the growth tendency, profit maximisation, competition, and mass consumption. Furthermore, these current concerns also challenge scholars in the fields of business, management, and marketing to follow and even to be proactive with these changes. Most of these issues are linked directly or indirectly with the concept of “degrowth”. Degrowth is an emerging paradigm that questions the logic of continuous growth and proposes profound changes in what has been considered economic development. This theoretical study, which is completed with an analysis of Finnish media texts on degrowth, points out the most important changes that can make and shape future coopetition. The study offers a novel approach to coopetition studies by making sense of the degrowth debate
Aesthetic Encounters, Canines, and Care:New Multispecies Methodological Avenues in Organizational and Business Ethics
No full textHow can we ethically include nonhuman animals during methodological considerations in organizational and business ethics research? Additionally, what methodological opportunities and challenges do multispecies research approaches present for these research areas? Building on critical posthumanist theory, the feminist ethic-of-care tradition in animal ethics, and the aesthetics of posthuman methodologies, this article develops a novel avenue for multispecies methodological research that expands current approaches to organizational and business ethics research beyond a purely human-centric lens. Empirical materials include diary excerpts about one author’s daily ethical encounters with her dogs and video clips of dog–human relationships, along with aesthetic reflections from two other researchers. Our reflections are shaped by posthumanist theorizing and critically problematize the seemingly static, anthropocentric categorizations of researcher, positionality, and research participant within the ethically complex context of multispecies research. Beyond discussing our findings in relation to recent business ethics research, we propose a methodological avenue for studying the aesthetic hybridization of humanimal subjectivities, including subtle bodily interactions between dogs and humans. This avenue fosters more aesth-ethically attuned and species-inclusive research methodologies in animal organization studies (AOS) and the broader fields of business ethics and organization studies, which are especially critical in the Anthropocene