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Integrating Islamic Law and Customary Law: Codification and Religious Identity in the Malay Buyan Community of Kapuas Hulu
No full textThis article analyzes the integration of Islamic law and customary law in shaping the religious identity of the Malay Buyan community in Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan,
Indonesia. While Islamic law plays a central role in regulating social and religious life, local customary law remains deeply embedded in the community’s legal
consciousness and socio-cultural framework. Previous studies have often treated these two legal systems as separate or even contradictory. However, this study challenges such a dichotomous perspective by demonstrating that Islamic law and customary law engage in an ongoing process of negotiation, resulting in an adaptive and contextually dynamic legal framework. Using a socio-legal approach, this
research collects data through in-depth interviews with ten key informants, participant observation, and document analysis. The findings reveal that Islamic law does not replace customary law but is instead integrated into the local legal system, influencing various aspects of social order, family structures, and the sustainable management of natural resources. This integration is evident in the use of Islamic legal terminology, the substance of legal norms, the mechanisms for customary fines, and the role of Islamic religious leaders in the codification of customary law.
These findings challenge the prevailing bipolar view that positions Islamic law and customary law as inherently opposing systems. Instead, this study highlights a
dynamic and integrative interaction between the two legal traditions, ensuring both social harmony and legal continuity. Ultimately, the article argues that the
coexistence of Islamic and customary law is not a source of conflict but a mutually reinforcing and evolving process that contributes to strengthening both religious
and cultural identity in a predominantly Muslim society.
[Artikel ini menganalisis integrasi hukum Islam dan hukum adat dalam pembentukan identitas keagamaan masyarakat Melayu Buyan di Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia.
Meskipun hukum Islam memiliki peran penting dalam mengatur kehidupan sosial dan keagamaan, hukum adat setempat tetap tertanam kuat dalam kesadaran hukum masyarakat.
Penelitian sebelumnya sering kali memperlakukan kedua sistem hukum ini sebagai entitas yang terpisah atau bahkan bertentangan. Namun, studi ini menantang dikotomi tersebut dengan menunjukkan bahwa hukum Islam dan hukum adat terlibat dalam proses negosiasi yang berkelanjutan, sehingga membentuk kerangka hukum yang adaptif dan dinamis sesuai dengan konteks sosial budaya masyarakat. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosio-legal, penelitian ini mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara mendalam dengan sepuluh informan kunci, observasi
Unveiling the Dynamics of Elderly Life in Nursing Homes in China: A Study on Quality of Life, Life Satisfaction, Loneliness, and Quality of Care
No full textThis study investigates the intricate relationships between loneliness, quality of care, quality of life, and life satisfaction among elderly nursing home residents in China. In the realm of contemporary gerontological research, understanding the psychosocial factors that influence well-being in institutional settings is of paramount significance for the sustainable development of eldercare. The purpose of this study is to examine how loneliness impacts life satisfaction through direct and indirect pathways. More specifically, this research investigates the mediating role of quality of life and the moderating effect of quality of care in these relationships. A systematic survey was conducted across 12 nursing facilities in four Chinese cities, resulting in 439 respondents after data screening. Structural equation modeling with bootstrapping revealed that loneliness significantly diminished life satisfaction both directly (β = -0.285, p < .001) and indirectly through quality of life (β = -0.181, 95% CI [-0.239, -0.128]). Quality of care emerged as a significant protective factor, with the negative impact of loneliness being substantially weaker in high-quality care environments (β = -0.128 at +1SD) compared to low-quality settings (β = -0.235 at -1SD). Notably, residents receiving counseling services demonstrated markedly better outcomes across all measures (Cohen's d = 0.67-0.90). The results show that quality of care moderates all pathways in the model, explaining substantial variance in both life satisfaction (48.7%) and quality of life (39.2%). These findings provide crucial insights for enhancing institutional care quality and implementing targeted interventions that address the complex determinants of well-being among nursing home residents.
Key words: Quality of life, Loneliness, Life Satisfaction, Quality of Care, Elderly, Nursing homes, China
Direct Chitosan Extraction Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent for Controlled Release Fertilizer Fabrication
No full textChitosan is a biopolymer commonly found in hard exoskeleton shell animal such as shrimp, snail shell, and crab. Conventional extraction of chitosan biopolymers from natural sources typically involves the use of hazardous chemicals and lengthy processing times. This study presents a sustainable approach for the direct extraction of chitosan from snail shells using a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) system. The NADES was formed by combining acetogenin extracted from graviola (hydrogen bond donor) with choline chloride (hydrogen bond acceptor) at various molar ratios and synthesis temperatures. The NADES was characterized for polarity, density, surface tension and DSC, while chitosan extracted was analysed for moisture and ash content, TGA, FTIR-ATR, contact angle, viscosity, XRD, and SEM. The chitosan produced through this method exhibited degree of deacetylation in range of 87.6 - 93.3% and molecular weight in range of 40 - 115 kDa, with a fiber-like morphology. This extracted chitosan is comparable properties to commercial chitosan. The extracted chitosan was further applied as co-polymer for encapsulation of urea with alginate and calcium chloride as crosslinker. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the optimal variables (molecular weight of chitosan, amount of alginate, and crosslinker) for achieving optimum encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and sustained release of urea (UR%) fertilizer from chitosan-alginate hydrogel beads. Results shows that the ideal formulation for attaining high EE% and UR% is using low molecular weight chitosan (40 kDa), a moderate quantity of alginate (3.5 wt%), and the maximum level of cross-linker (1.00 M)
Tribological Evaluation of Biomimetic Shark Skin with Poly-DL-Lactic Acid (PDLLA) Nanosheets with Human Fingerprint Sliding Behavior
No full textThis study evaluates the tribological properties of poly-DL-lactic acid (PDLLA) nanosheets attached to shark-skin surfaces with varying textures. The main goal was to assess friction reduction in samples with different surface textures and investigate the influence of PDLLA nanosheets on tribological behaviors. Biomimetic shark skin was created using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-embedded stamping method (PEES) that replicates shark skin’s unique texture, which reduces friction and drag in aquatic environments. PDLLA nanosheets, with a controlled thickness of several tens of nanometers, were fabricated and attached to the PDMS surfaces. The morphological characteristics of the materials were analyzed before and after attaching the PDLLA nanosheets using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing the uniformity and adherence of the nanosheets to the PDMS surfaces. Friction tests were conducted using force transducers to measure the friction coefficients of biomimetic shark skin, biological models, and flat PDMS and silicon substrates, allowing a comprehensive comparison of frictional properties. Additionally, sliding tests with human fingers were performed to assess friction coefficients between various fingerprint shapes and sample surfaces. This aspect of the study is critical for understanding how human skin interacts with biomimetic materials in real-world applications, such as wearable de-vices. These findings clarify the relationship between surface texture, nanosheets, and their tribological performance against human skin, thereby contributing to the development of materials with enhanced friction-reducing properties for applications such as surface coatings, substrates for wearable devices, and wound dressings
Of port infrastructures and riverine communities: navigating the variegated urbanization processes along the Sarawak River
No full textRivers have long been vital arteries for urban development, shaping the spatial and social fabric of cities. This study examines the Sarawak River in Kuching, focusing on how zoning activities and the relocation of port facilities have reshaped the city’s urban landscape. By analysing the impact
of port infrastructure projects and shipping regulations, this research explores the urban transformations that have taken place over the past century. Using a combination of qualitative and empirical methods, the paper sheds light on the experiences of riverine communities, the gentrification
of the waterfront and the emergence of industrial zones. It shows how the instrumentalization of the river for economic purposes has led to a fragmented urban fabric characterized by industrial zones and logistics hubs. This process has often marginalized riverine communities and contributed to the deterioration of the ecosystem and dwindling fish production. Using the framework of planetary urbanization, this work evaluates the impact of river zoning on the spatial configuration of Kuching, thereby highlighting the challenges faced by postcolonial cities on efforts in balancing rapid urbanization with social and environmental sustainability
General Account of Flora
No full textNiah National Park, located in Sarawak, Malaysia, is a remarkable site for its archaeological history and diverse ecosystems. Covering approximately 3,140 hectares, the Park is renowned for its limestone hills, rainforests and an intricate network of caves. The climate is tropical, with
high humidity and rainfall throughout the year, creating an ideal environment for its flora. Further, the Park’s elevational diversity and geology contribute to the distinct vegetation zones present within its boundaries
Flexible work arrangements and employee performance : Unpacking the mediating role of work-life balance among employees
No full textDespite growing interest in flexible work arrangements (FWAs), their effects on employee performance in the Malaysian construction industry, particularly the mediating role of work life balance (WLB), remain insufficiently explored. A total of 306 construction employees in Sarawak, Malaysia, were surveyed using structured questionnaires that were distributed through a simple random sampling method. The responses were subsequently analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results indicate that WLB played a significant mediating role in determining whether FWAs have a positive impact on employee performance. This study offers valuable insights for organisations seeking to improve workplace learning, employee satisfaction, and performance through the implementation of effective FWAs. However, the study is limited by the need for further exploration of policy implications and management strategies to establish supportive conditions for FWAs. The study makes a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of FWAs and WLB in enhancing employee performance, particularly in the Malaysian construction sector
Pemeliharaan Tradisi Seni Tatu Dalam Budaya Masyarakat Iban
No full textTradisi seni tatu masyarakat Iban merupakan simbol dan identiti budaya masyarakat tersebut dalam bentuk kepercayaan dan apresiasi dengan kearifan tradisi yang diwarisi secara turun temurun untuk membentuk kepercayaan, kesenian dan manifestasi dalam kebudayaan.Tradisi seni tatu yang diamalkan oleh masyarakat Iban mempunyai nilai seni yang sangat signifikan kerana dikategorikan sebagai satu warisan budaya tak ketara dalam kebudayaan mereka. Walau bagaimanapun, perubahan globalisasi telah mengubah pemikiran masyarakat Iban terhadap tradisi seni tatu yang diamalkan oleh nenek moyang mereka. Oleh itu, melalui penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk memelihara tradisi seni tatu yang terdapat dalam budaya masyarakat Iban. Perkembangan tradisi seni tatu dalam budaya masyarakat Iban ini dilihat dari zaman dahulu sehingga pada zaman sekarang. Tradisi seni tatu masyarakat Iban merupakan satu tradisi yang diamalkan oleh nenek moyang mereka pada zaman dahulu sehingga ke hari ini. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan reka bentuk penyelidikan deskriptif yang digunakan untuk menerokai kehidupan seharian masyarakat Iban. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif sepenuhnya yang memerlukan penyelidik melakukan proses pengumpulan data secara kajian kerja lapangan iaitu menggunakan kaedah pemerhatian turut serta, temu bual, dan dokumentasi. Hasil daripada penyelidikan ini berupaya untuk membentuk langkah bagi mengekalkan pengamalan tradisi seni tatu dalam budaya masyarakat Iban. Ia bertujuan untuk terus mewujudkan nilai-nilai seni dan budaya masyarakat Iban dalam tradisi seni tatu yang diamalkan oleh mereka. Secara keseluruhannya, penyelidikan ini berupaya untuk memelihara, mengekalkan dan menjadi perintis kepada penyelidikan-penyelidikan yang berkaitan dengan tradisi seni tatu masyarakat peribumi pada masa hadapan
UNCOVERING CORPORATE VALUES : ANALYSING DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS MALAYSIAN LISTED COMPANIES
No full textIf a business lacks clear core values, its corporate identity and culture may weaken, leading to poor decisions, disengaged employees, and reduced performance. This study aims to examine the core values of Malaysian listed companies by analysing 140 firms using data from annual reports and company websites. Core values were measured following Bourne et al. (2019), which classify values into four categories: efficiency, character, interpersonality, and community. Keywords from company value statements were collected and categorized, with the highest score indicating the company’s primary emphasis. The findings reveal that industries differ in the values they prioritize, reflecting their operational needs and strategic objectives. For example, sectors driven by customer relationships highlight interpersonality and community, while capital intensive or regulated industries focus less on such values. These findings demonstrate how industry factors influence how businesses articulate and convey their priorities. Investors, regulators, and legislators can assess long-term orientation, cultural strength, and possible threats more effectively when they are aware of these trends. Companies or industries that neglect essential values may encounter reputational difficulties, diminished investor confidence, and educed adaptability in a market that increasingly favours value-oriented tactics