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AISprayAndWait: An AI-Enhanced Routing Protocol for Delay Tolerant Networks
No full textDelay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) operate in intermittent network connectivity and dynamic topology. This poses a challenge to achieving efficient data ex-change. Traditional routing protocols such as Epidemic, Spray and Wait, and PRoPHET aim for high delivery but suffer from high overhead. This paper intro-duces AISprayAndWait, a lightweight AI-enhanced routing protocol that builds upon the Spray and Wait mechanism by integrating intelligent forwarding deci-sions. The protocol evaluates four contextual features—encounter frequency, re-cency of contact, buffer availability, and a bias term—to compute a forwarding score using a sigmoid function. The simulation results demonstrate that AISprayAndWait significantly improves delivery probability and reduces over-head compared to existing protocols. These findings show that lightweight AI in-tegration is possible in optimizing DTN routing strategies
Analysis of Fracture Behaviour on PLA Specimen with Varied Lattice Structure Density
No full textPolylactic acid (PLA) is a type of bioplastic that is biodegradable, has lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and a smaller carbon footprint. It is produced from natural resources, such as biopolymers, and possesses good mechanical properties. Therefore, it is widely used as a material for fast prototyping, particularly in additive manufacturing techniques, such as the Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). However, additive-manufactured products made from PLA exhibit varying mechanical strength properties when different densities of lattice structures are applied. In this paper, the analysis of fracture mechanics and strength of additively manufactured products made from PLA with varying lattice architectures and densities is conducted. Lattice structures, which are rectilinear and feature complete honeycomb architecture, are chosen in this study. Dogbone-shaped specimens were produced via a 3D printing FDM machine, with each specimen having a varied density of lattice structure. A tensile test was performed on each specimen to analyse its strength and mechanical properties. Analysis of the full honeycomb lattice structure strength has shown that the relationship between the maximum tensile strength and the infill density is not proportional and fluctuates. 40 % infill density possesses the highest maximum tensile strength, and 20 % infill density has the lowest maximum tensile strength. By increasing the infill density of the additive-manufactured product using PLA material, the tensile properties of the specimen have also improved, resulting in a product with enhanced strength
THE INTEGRATION OF INDIGENOUS ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE MARKET ECONOMY: A CASE STUDY OF THE IBAN COMMUNITY IN SRI AMAN, SARAWAK.
No full textThe Sri Aman Division, located in the state of Sarawak, is recognised for having the highest population of the Iban ethnic group. The elevation of Pantu and Lingga from sub-districts to full districts in 2021 significantly influenced the market integration of indigenous entrepreneurship. The establishment of an agro-food terminal, along with the implementation of a comprehensive digital economy hub, served as catalysts for fostering entrepreneurship within the region. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the participation of indigenous entrepreneurs in both formal and informal market economies. Furthermore, this research seeks to ascertain the effects of Iban entrepreneurship on the social economy. Additionally, the study aims to examine the relationship between indigenous businesses and the preservation of cultural heritage. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to the existing body of knowledge regarding the participation of the Iban community in indigenous entrepreneurship within the market economy, taking into account their considerable cultural and economic diversity. The study focuses on the Sri Aman Division as a case study, encompassing three districts: Sri Aman, Pantu, and Lingga. It explores various economic activities, including hawking, small-scale trading, petty trading, cottage industries, agriculture-based initiatives, and other rural indigenous businesses. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to collect data from indigenous entrepreneurs operating in both the formal and informal sectors. The research team conducted in-depth interviews with ten formal and informal Iban entrepreneurs engaged in indigenous businesses that prioritise cultural preservation, including rice and agriculture sellers, handicraft producers, traditional food vendors, cultural tourism operators, and other enterprises focusing on traditional products. The data were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis, which involved identifying common themes, distinct perspectives, and patterns, thereby providing valuable insights into the integration process of indigenous entrepreneurs. In conjunction with qualitative research, quantitative questionnaire surveys were employed to gather quantitative data from various categories of Iban entrepreneurs located in villages, local markets, and shops within the Sri Aman, Pantu, and Lingga regions. A total of 300 samples were collected from indigenous entrepreneurs. Data for this study were analysed using SPSS, employing descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The examination of the integration of formal and informal Iban indigenous entrepreneurship within the market economy holds significant relevance for governance policy, as it has the potential to provide valuable insights into the impact of prevailing policies on indigenous populations. Additionally, this research offers recommendations for enhancing more efficient, inclusive, and culturally aware policies, specifically in the domains of formal and informal entrepreneurship, the influence of the social economy, and the conservation of culture within the Iban community in Sarawak
Ngepan Iban: A Cultural Expression of Identity, Values, and Heritage in the Iban Community of Sarawak
No full textThis study aims to explore Ngepan Iban, the Iban's people's traditional attire in Sarawak, as it provides a cultural representation of the Iban, a symbol of their identity, values, and beliefs. Ngepan Iban is more than an attire, it is a cultural object which exists in ceremonial, spiritual, and community social ways. To study its history, symbolic meanings, and ritualistic functions: Ngepan Iban becomes a visualization or canon of cultural representation or a record of traditional knowledge and cultural memory. The
research used qualitative research methodologies that included collecting data from interviews with cultural specialists, tribal elders, and practitioners of the traditional art plan of Ngepan Iban. The research makes an argument for Ngepan Iban is a pictorial embodiment of the community's aesthetic skill and its artistic achievements; and as an artefact used for the preservation of cultural knowledge, it can recreate a social identity and enrich social pride. It is hoped that the contributions made in this study can position Ngepan Iban as symbolically sustainable (long lasting) as an Iban cultural heritage, and
add to the larger discussions about culture, preservation, and identity
Design and Deployment of an Uninterruptable Power Supply Utilizing a Solar PV System for Tilapia Aquaculture Farm in Sabah, Malaysia
No full textContinuous power supply is essential for maintaining operational stability of indoor aquaculture
farms to protect their mortality. This paper examines the feasibility and performance of a 0.83 kWp stand
alone solar PV system for providing an uninterrupted power supply to a 185.8 m2 indoor tilapia farm located
in Sabah, Malaysia (latitude: 6.03º N, longitude: 116.30ºE). Concerning these aspects, the system was
designed specifically to operate critical equipment aerators and water pump within about five hours every
week during grid power interruptions. The site was evaluated through the Global Solar Atlas showing an
average global horizontal irradiation of 4.74 kWh/m2/day. Using on-site load analysis, the demand was
found to be 1,750 Wh/week. The system consists of two 415 Wp PV modules connected in series, a 2.4 kWh
lithium-ion battery, and a 2.4 kW inverter/charger scaled up to meet the demand while considering system
losses. In addition, the virtual simulation of the system confirmed the average daily energy production to be
about 2.95 kWh, which exceeds the demand by approximately 69%, hence allowing operation within the
scheduled grid power outage. This research work highlights the technical feasibility along operational
benefits resulting from small-scale PV deployment at aquaculture in tropical region, offering a scalable
framework for improving energy reliability and sustainability in rural environments
Intravascular lithotripsy for the treatment of calcified coronary artery disease: A case series
No full textSevere coronary artery calcification poses major challenges to percutaneous coronary intervention, often limiting stent expansion and procedural success. The Sonico-CX intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) system is a novel calcium-modification device designed to fracture calcified plaques using acoustic shockwaves. We present a case series of twenty-one patients with balloon-undilatable, severely calcified lesions treated with this new IVL system. All procedures were performed by experienced interventional cardiologists between April and August 2024. Adjunctive non-compliant and scoring balloons were used, and four cases required rotational atherectomy to facilitate IVL delivery. IVL achieved a high procedural success rate (90.5%) with no intra-procedural complications or in-hospital and 30-day major adverse cardiovascular events. The use of IVL enabled effective drug-coated balloon therapy in 85.7% of cases, reducing the need for stent implantation. This case series highlights the safety and efficacy of a novel IVL system and its potential to simplify complex percutaneous coronary intervention by providing effective lesion preparation in heavily calcified coronary diseas
From Martial Art to Stage Performance: Modern Adaptations of Kuntau Among the Dayak Iban
No full textThis study explores the transformation of kuntau, a traditional martial art of the Iban Dayak community, from its origins as a martial art skill and symbol of male courage to its present role as a stage performance. The objective is to examine changes in function, community perception, and adjustments in practice and performance. Guided by a constructivist–interpretivist philosophy, the research employed a mixed approach involving a review of research questions with 122 respondents from Kuching, Samarahan, and Sri Aman, alongside field observations and in-depth interviews with five kuntau teachers. Findings indicate that while traditional elements such as floral movements, techniques, and symbolic values are preserved, modifications for stage performances have led to changes in movement patterns, reduced ritual practices, and increased choreographic features. Despite concerns over authenticity, the Iban community continues to regard kuntau as a significant and relevant cultural heritage. The discussion highlights the need to balance tradition with adaptation to contemporary contexts to ensure sustainability. This study contributes to the discourse on intangible cultural heritage preservation by providing insights into how cultural practices can evolve without losing their core identity
Faktor Kesukaran dalam Proses Memodelkan Sebuah Tapak Arkeologi Menerusi Pendekatan Geospatial = (Difficulty Factor in Modeling an Archaeological Site through a Geospatial Approach)
No full textSelama bertahun-tahun, ahli arkeologi telah bergantung pada peta dan analisis ruangan untuk memahami taburan artifak dan ciri di seluruh tapak arkeologi secara visualisasi. Walau bagaimanapun, pengenalan foto udara, penderiaan jauh digital, sistem maklumat geografi (GIS) dan sistem keletakan global (GPS) telah menyediakan ahli arkeologi dengan alat canggih untuk menganalisis dan menggambarkan taburan
dan data arkeologi dengan cara yang inovatif. Oleh yang demikian, analisis geospatial telah mendapat
pengiktirafan yang penting sebagai salah satu alat untuk membantu ahli arkeologi. Dengan menyepadukan
foto udara, penderiaan jauh, GIS dan GPS ke dalam penyelidikan mereka, ahli arkeologi kini dapat
menganalisis kuantiti data yang besar dalam masa yang sama memahami peranan ruangan. Ini telah membolehkan mereka memperoleh pandangan baru tentang taburan dan corak ciri arkeologi tersebut. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor kesukaran dalam proses memodelkan sebuah tapak arkeologi menerusi pendekatan geospatial. Antara faktor kepelbagaian yang menimbulkan kesukaran dalam proses memodelkan tapak arkeologi adalah tapak arkeologi, persekitaran, tingkah laku atau kelakukan dan faktor teknikal. Dengan kemajuan teknologi, pendekatan geospatial merupakan kaedah terbaik untuk penyelidikan arkeologi manakala ahli arkeologi perlu berhati-hati dan menimbang faedah dan cabaran yang berkaitan dengan analisis
geospatial, memastikan kaedah ini digunakan secara berhemah dan beretika