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Analysis of modified back-line inset feed 1×4 array microstrip antenna for 5.8 GHz frequency band
No full textThis thesis presented the design and optimization of a compact 1×4 microstrip patch array antenna operating at 5.8 GHz using a modified backline feeding technique. Conventional arrays often suffer from mutual coupling caused by surface currents on the feedline, bulky isolation methods that lower gain, narrow bandwidth, challenging impedance matching, and feedline radiation that degrades polarization purity. The study had three objectives: (i) to design and optimize the array for good impedance matching (S11 ≤ –10 dB) and stable resonance through parameter sweep analysis, (ii) to evaluate and enhance bandwidth, gain, and directivity, and (iii) to investigate polarization purity and side lobe behaviour, targeting cross-polarization < –30 dB and acceptable side lobe levels while assessing the effects of coupling and substrate losses. It was hypothesized that the optimized array would achieve stable broadside radiation, higher gain and directivity than a standard-fed array, reduced mutual coupling through the backline layout, and practical impedance matching across the band. The final design achieved resonance at 5.8 GHz with a measured return loss of –21.947 dB, a VSWR of 1.173, and a –10 dB bandwidth of approximately 5%, confirming excellent matching performance. Experimental results further demonstrated a directivity of 10.29 dBi, improved gain relative to a single patch, and balanced excitation leading to stable radiation patterns. Side lobes were kept within acceptable limits and cross-polarization remained below –30 dB, validating the design approach. Overall, the proposed array successfully met its objectives, delivering a compact, efficient, and polarization-pure solution for WLAN/ISM band applications, with measured performance closely matching theoretical expectations and published benchmarks.
Keywords: Microstrip 1x4 Array antenna, 5.8GHz frequency band, Back line feeding, CST studio, Impedance Marching, Mutual coupling
Neuroscience Meets EdTech : Combating Mathematics Anxiety
No full textMathematics anxiety continues to be a pervasive issue in education, contributing to decreased self-confidence, reduced motivation, and lower academic performance among students. This paper explores an integrated pedagogical framework that combines the Brain-Based Teaching Approach (BBTA) with technology-enhanced learning as a strategic intervention to mitigate these challenges. Drawing on neuroscience principles, BBTA emphasizes creating a supportive emotional climate, sustaining learner engagement through meaningful tasks, and promoting active processing of knowledge. Evidence from previous studies demonstrates that BBTA, when supported by technology, leads to a measurable reduction in mathematics anxiety, significant improvement in motivation, and enhanced achievement across varying levels of task difficulty. This paper outlines the theoretical basis for the integrated model, discusses its application in the mathematics classroom, and explores its scalability to other disciplines. This paper concludes with recommendations for the potential of BBTA with technology integration as a sustainable, research-informed strategy for fostering both cognitive development and emotional well-being in mathematics educatio
A Systematic Literature Review on Enhancing Sarcasm Detection in Online Reviews through Emotional Transition Analysis and Contextual Embedding Techniques
No full textAnalysing online reviews is crucial for understanding user sentiments, yet sarcasm often hinders accurate sentiment evaluation. In this systematic literature review (SLR), we addressed the challenging task of sarcasm detection in online reviews, focusing on two key aspects: emotional transitions within reviews and the capabilities of contextual embedding techniques. Due to the context-sensitive and multifaceted nature of sarcasm, most traditional natural language processing (NLP) systems struggle to detect sentiment accurately. To identify sentiment shifts indicative of sarcasm, this systematic literature review (SLR) examines existing literature on emotion transitions within review texts. This review aims to illuminate the linguistic cues associated with sarcastic sentiment reversals. In order to identify these cues more effectively, we further explore the application of advanced contextual embedding models, such as BERT and ELMo, for their ability to detect and analyse sarcastic expressions. By synthesising these findings, we offer a comprehensive overview of current approaches to sarcasm detection in sentiment analysis. Additionally, this review critically analyses the limitations of existing methods and proposes potential avenues for improvement. We aim to explicate the effectiveness of sarcasm detection in sentiment analysis applications used on social media platforms like X (Twitter), Reddit, Facebook, and WeChat. In brief, this review provides valuable insights into the field of sentiment analysis and emotion detection, paving the way for the development of NLP systems with a refined ability to discern intricate emotional and contextual embedding in online reviews
Jenis Imbuhan Bagi Bahasa Melanau Mukah Berdasarkan Teori Tatabahasa Struktural Nida(1949)
No full textThis study aims to identify the types of affixes that form derived words in the Melanau Mukah Language (BMM) based on general concepts and to describe each identified affix type using Nida’s Structural Grammar Theory (1949). The study adopts a qualitative approach and applies the theory to analyze the findings descriptively. Data were obtained from primary sources such as the Melanau Mukah – Malay
Dictionary (KMMMD) (2011), which contains 8,000 entries, to gather data for both research objectives. Based on the first objective, two types of affixes were identified in BMM according to KMMMD: prefixes and infixes. The prefixes consist of five forms:/pe-/, /me-/, /ne-/, /tah-/, and /kena-/, while the infixes in BMM include three forms: /-i-/, /-u-/, and /-en-/. Each derived word found is described based on the affix pattern form, whether it involves consonant or vowel combinations. The second objective focuses on analyzing the identified affix types based on Nida’s Structural Grammar Theory (1949). This study contributes to the documentation of the Melanau Mukah language and serves as a foundation for local comparative linguistic research
First records of Mops johorensis (Dobson, 1873), Northern Free-tailed Bat (Chiroptera, Molossidae), from Borneo, with new information on their genetics and echolocation calls
No full textThis study presents the first confirmed records of Mops johorensis (Dobson, 1873) (Chiroptera, Molossidae) from Borneo. Specimens were recorded at three sites: Sabah (Sungai Kangkawat, 50 m a.s.l) and Sarawak (Lubok Antu, 30 m a.s.l and Mount Penrissen, 1200 m a.s.l). Echolocation analysis revealed site-based variation in call frequencies. Morphological comparisons showed subtle differences between Bornean and Peninsular populations. Genetic analysis using the mitochondrial COI gene showed minimal divergence between Bornean and Peninsular individuals. Spatial modelling identified hotspots for Molos-sidae in northern Sabah and central Sarawak, with habitat suitability strongly influenced by bat and cave density, climate, and land use
Sikap dan Motivasi Pelajar Cina terhadap Bahasa Melayu di SMK Chung Hua, Sibu
No full textMalay is the national language and official language of Malaysia. However, the level of use of Malay among Chinese students is found to be still at a balancing stage. This study was conducted to identify the attitudes and motivations of Chinese students towards the use of Malay in SMK Chung Hua, Sibu. Seramai 100 Chinese students from Tier 1 to Tier 5 have been selected as respondents of the study. This study uses a quantitative design with a research question as the instrument of the study which contains three parts, namely demographic information, attitude level and motivation level towards Malay Language. A five-stage Likert scale was used in this research question. The result of the study shows that the attitude level and motivation level of
students towards Malay Language are at a modestly high level. Factors such as social environment, peer influence, and the use of mother tongue were found to have an impact on the use of Malay. This study is expected to help schools and educators design more effective interventions to improve the mastery and use of Malay Language among Chinese students
Nilai Estetika Dalam Pantun Dondang Sayang Berdasarkan Pendekatan Teori Puitika Sastera Melayu
No full textAesthetic value that refers to the use of the beautiful language and reflects the wisdom of the author is the most important element of a literary work (Muhammad Haji Salleh, 2000). This study examines the aesthetic value in pantun Dondang Sayang, which is a traditional performing art of the Malay community in Melaka. The objectives of the study are to determine the dominant aesthetic value in the collection of pantun Dondang Sayang based on Teori Puitika Sastera Melayu (TPSM) and to elaborate on the aesthetic value contained in the Dondang Sayang pantun collection. This descriptive qualitative study is done on the collection
of pantuns in the book “1000 pantun Dondang Sayang” published by JKKN (2004). The findings shows that the most dominant aesthetic value is metaphorical play and suggestion
(mainan kiasan dan saranan), which was detected in 16 pantun collections out of the total 27 collections studied. These pantun collections include pantun of love, kindness, tiger, bird, sea, satire, subtle satire, miscellaneous satire, praise, fruit metaphors, proverb metaphors, knowledge, moon, beetle and flower, bridal and unfulfilled desires. A total of 36 stanzas of pantun were also elaborated based on 6 aesthetic values in TPSM, namely condensed vast world (dunia luas yang dipadatkan); metaphorical play and suggestion (mainan kiasan dan saranan); fated world (dunia berjodoh); same measure (sama ukuran); music accompanying words (muzik seiring kata); and appropriate and suitable (sesuai dan patut). The findings clearly show that TPSM is still relevant for studying literary works like Dondang Sayang
Assessing Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour (COM-B) in a Gamified Peer-led Education Module for Fall Prevention among Low-literacy Older Community Adults in Sarawak
No full textIntroduction: Sarawak has been reported as one of the eight districts known as an ageing district. Falls are unintentional falls because of slipping, tripping, stumbling or unplanned descent to a floor or place lower than your body, and they are a common implication of old age, often associated with existing comorbidities that lead to multiple health consequences. Telehealth or mHealth for fall prevention education reduces the burden and obstacles, such as transportation factors, caregivers' availability, or expenses, which can prevent most older individuals from visiting a hospital. However, poor digital literacy or low literacy is a challenge when utilising these benefits. Peer-led fall prevention education has been shown to be effective for older populations with low educational levels, empowering them to engage in preventive behaviours. The COM-B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour) has limited exploration when assessing patients' capability, opportunity, motivation, and behaviour. Furthermore, the efficacy and improvement in engagement of preventive behaviour among low-literacy, high-risk older community adults in Sarawak have yet to be investigated through gamified peer-led fall prevention education. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate a gamified peer-led fall prevention education module to promote Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) among low-literacy older adults in the community for fall prevention.
Materials and Methods: A multistage random sampling approach will be employed to identify older people aged 55 and above residing in the community from any of the three divisions (Kapit, Samarahan, and Serian), with eight districts in Sarawak, thereby representing all ethnicities of Sarawak. A Delphi method will be adapted to explore a gamified peer-led fall prevention education module, and content will be gathered from expert opinions across various disciplines, utilising the principles of the COM-B model. The gamification process will adopt a framework by Hunicke et al. (2004), utilising the Mechanics-Dynamics-Aesthetics (MDA) framework. A focus group discussion will also be conducted among older people to evaluate their perceptions of fall risks and prevention. The study is estimated to be conducted from June 2026 until May 2029. The required sample size is estimated to be between 300 and 400 for the instrument's validation and focus group discussion interviews. SPSS software version 27.0 will be used to analyse the instrument's EFA and test-retest reliability, and SmartPLS 4.0 will be used for the instrument's CFA. Meanwhile, Microsoft Excel will be used to present the thematic analysis and findings.
Results: The COM-B model will guide the content identification and development of the research instrument and peer-led fall prevention education module for low-literacy older communities, which can be shared later with other healthcare disciplines, communities or health sciences students. The gameful experience of older adults using a gamified peer-led fall prevention education will be evaluated to assess the extent to which this gamification helps improve engagement in fall preventive behaviour among low-literacy older communities. This study may also serve as a fall prevention education module to be used and trained among peer educators delivering education to low-literacy older adults in the communit
Emotional and Cultural Intelligence as Predictors of Collaborative Learning: Evidence from Undergraduate Education in Malaysia
No full textIncorporating team-based assessments is widely regarded as essential for preparing students to navigate the challenges of their future professional careers. While previous studies have examined the role of emotional intelligence or cultural intelligence in collaborative learning, limited research has simultaneously explored how these two competencies interact in shaping students’ perceptions of team-based assessments, particularly within the undergraduate context. This study aims to examine the levels of emotional and cultural intelligence among undergraduate students, as well as their general attitudes toward courses that incorporate team-based assessments. A non-experimental, cross-sectional survey design was employed to achieve these objectives. A total of 223 undergraduate students participated in the study. The Schutte Emotional Intelligence and Cultural Intelligence instruments were administered for this study. The study further explores the relationship between emotional and cultural intelligence and students’ attitudes towards team-based assessments. The findings reveal significant correlations: emotional intelligence accounted for 32.8% and cultural intelligence accounted for 18.2% of the variance in students' attitudes toward team-based assessments. These results underscore the importance of emotional and cultural competencies in fostering greater student engagement in team-based learning environments
Distribution of genus Glenea in Sarawak using Multiple Species Occupancy Model
No full textLonghorn beetles (Cerambycidae) are ecologically significant wood-boring insects, yet little is known about their diversity in Sarawak. This study assesses the occupancy, distribution, and richness of Glenea spp. using Multi Species Occupancy Modelling (MSOM) across 19 forest reserves and adjacent edge sites. From the 406 individuals recorded, 59 species were identified, including 18 newly described species. Results suggest moderate species turnover along an east–west gradient and highlight protected forests in central Sarawak as regional strongholds for several Glenea taxa. Community-level estimates show a higher likelihood of detection in morning surveys and indicate that sampling intensity remains a key driver for species detectability. By accounting for imperfect detection and site heterogeneity, the approach used in this study offers refined baseline estimates for a data-limited genus. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of MSOM as a valuable method for monitoring poorly known beetle communities and guiding
conservation strategies in Borneo’s fragmented forests