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Socioeconomics Indicators of Microfinance Borrowers in Sarawak
No full textMicrofinance has been recognized as a vital instrument for poverty alleviation, particularly in contexts where access to formal financial institutions is limited. In Sarawak, Malaysia, agencies such as TEKUN Nasional have expanded outreach to marginalized households, yet questions remain regarding the extent to which these programs improve borrowers’ socioeconomic well-being. This study investigates the relationship between microfinance services namely loans, non-financial support, access to financing, and repayment and six socioeconomic indicators: income, savings, consumption, healthcare, education, and employment. The results show that microfinance contributes positively to healthcare, savings, and education, while its effects on income, employment, and consumption are less consistent. Furthermore, repayment challenges and unequal access highlight structural limitations that constrain the transformative role of microfinance. These findings suggest that while microfinance provides important opportunities for livelihood improvement, it cannot fully address poverty in isolation. Integrating financial services with training, financial literacy, and supportive monitoring mechanisms is essential for enhancing long-term socioeconomic
outcomes and reducing persistent poverty in Sarawak
The effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in learning outcomes of nursing students : A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)
No full textBackground
Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize nursing education by enhancing learning experiences and educational outcomes. While researchers have investigated the usefulness of AI-based technology in nursing education, a systematic review emphasising randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is required to provide solid evidence to address educators' scepticism of its application. In this review, we provide evidence-based insights from RCTs to guide nursing educators and policymakers in enhancing educational practices.
Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of AI-based technology applications on nursing students' learning outcomes in terms of knowledge level.
Design
Meta-Analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs).
Database Sources
A thorough electronic database search included Scopus, Pubmed, CINAHL, and Google Scholar. The search started on January 15, 2023 and ended on May 31, 2023 as sufficient research was identified. This review was supplemented by manual searches of reference lists from relevant articles to ensure comprehensiveness, following the inclusive and exclusive criteria.
Review Methods
PRISMA 2020 guidelines were adopted in this SLR. The CASP RCT Checklist was used to examine the quality of the study. Two reviewers collaborated to enhance the quality of the screened studies. Any discrepancies were resolved through discussion and consultation with a third reviewer, which was not utilised because no discrepancies were observed.
Results
The five RCT studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this SLR for critical analysis. Three major themes were formulated based on the main objective, namely cognitive, psychomotor, and affective. Overall, further analysis of the three major themes established a total of 6 sub-themes, namely knowledge level, cognitive load, skills performance, anxiety, satisfaction, and confidence. The use of AI had a positive, small, and statistically insignificant effect on knowledge level, as evident from the meta-analysis. A review of the article also indicated positive effects of AI on skill performance, satisfaction, and confidence, whereas it reduced cognitive load and anxiety.
Conclusion
The meta-analysis provides solid evidence-based insights into the effectiveness of AI in nursing education. It advances nursing education by guiding nurse educators, policymakers, and future researchers in maximising the benefits of AI in delivering safe, efficient, and highest-quality nursing care
Foreign Direct Investment and Natural Resource Curse in Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textAfrica is the second largest continent in the world, a region which is vast and endowed with natural resources of different types. Sub-Saharan Africa is a region of different countries, ethnicity, races, believes, languages and groups of people accommodating and understanding each value and norms. An underdeveloped region despite the high quality and vast range of natural resources endowment deposited in the region. The increasing number of people living under poverty is alarming and without a proper channel to make the system work for a better livelihood, life in this region will be unconducive to the majority. In view of this, this study investigates the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) on natural resources curse in the sub-Saharan African region over the period of 2011-2020. Using the panel data static
model to analyse the effect of FDI inflows and natural resources rents on GDP in the sub regions of Sub-Saharan Africa such as Eastern, Central, Western and Southern Africa and the dynamic model to analyse the whole Sub-Saharan region while controlling other socioeconomic variables. Results show that there is a presence of natural resource curse in Sub-Saharan Africa as a whole but the some of the sub regions such as Southern Africa are not affected by the natural resource curse
Digital Learning in Malaysia's Banking Sector: Determinants of E-training Intentions Among Employees
No full textThis study investigates factors influencing employees’ intention to use e-training within the banking sector in Malaysia. As the banking industry undergoes rapid technological transformation, adopting effective e-training programs is crucial for maintaining competitiveness and enhancing employees’ competencies. The purpose of this research is to explore key factors such as technological innovativeness, subjective norms, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, technical support, demonstrability, and self-efficacy which are vital in understanding employee’s willingness to engage with e-training platforms. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing a questionnaire survey to collect data from employees across various banking institutions in Sarawak. Additionally, a pre-test was conducted to refine the survey instrument, ensuring its validity and reliability. This study anticipates identifying significant relationships between these variables and employees’ intention to use e-training. The research outcomes aim to inform strategies for enhancing e-training initiatives, fostering a culture of continuous learning, and optimizing human capital development in Malaysian financial institutions. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights for bank management in designing and implementing targeted training programs, contributing to both theory and practice by revealing the complexities of e-training adoption in this specific industry and region
Enhancing Tourism Accessibility for the Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing with XR Technology: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textIn recent years, Extended Reality (XR) technology has become more and more prevalent in all facets of life. It can be applied to enhance deaf and hard-of-hearing accessibility in tourism environments. The goals of this review are to determine the challenges to accessibility that the hard-of-hearing and deaf community must overcome, the usefulness of such technology to this group, and the degree to which it can improve accessibility for this population when travelling. 16 papers have been assessed based on the keyword search of the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The methodologies, difficulties, and advantages of XR technology in tourism for the hard-of-hearing are assessed in relation to these studies. Lastly, a number of areas where the existing methods could be improved upon are identified, and recommendations are made for additional research
KESAN PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK, PENUAAN DAN TARAF KESIHATAN KE ATAS PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI MALAYSIA
No full textPenduduk merupakan aset penting kepada sesebuah negara yang menjadi pemangkin kepada sumber untuk membangunkan ekonomi negara pada masa hadapan. Walau bagaimanapun, trend semasa di dunia telah menunjukkan peningkatan pesat dalam penuaan populasi, manakala kadar kelahiran penduduk pula menjadi semakin rendah. Malaysia juga tidak terkecuali dalam
hal ini. Mengikut jangkaan, negara kita akan menjadi masyarakat menua menjelang 2030 apabila penduduk berumur 60 tahun dan ke atas mencapai 15% daripada jumlah penduduk. Peningkatan penduduk yang semakin tua menjadi kebimbangan besar kepada negara, terutamanya dalam memastikan kesinambungan stok modal insan yang mencukupi untuk pembangunan masa depan negara. Seiring dengan perkembangan ekonomi negara yang pesat, beberapa indikator kesihatan
seperti jangka hayat juga semakin meningkat dan kadar kematian bayi juga menurun. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan antara pertumbuhan penduduk, peningkatan penuaan dan penunjuk kesihatan dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Malaysia menggunakan data
agregat dan mengikut negeri. Memahami hubungan antara pertumbuhan penduduk, penuaan, status kesihatan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah penting bagi pihak berkepentingan untuk merangka dan melaksanakan dasar penduduk yang boleh memberi manfaat kepada negara. Kajian ini menggunakan analisis ekonometrik siri masa yang melibatkan model auto regresif lat tertabur dan regresi ambang panel statik untuk menganalisis hubungan antara pertumbuhan penduduk, penuaan dan status kesihatan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penemuan kajian ini adalah penting untuk memberikan maklumat praktikal mengenai pelaksanaan dan penggubalan dasar penduduk, dasar kesihatan dan usaha kerajaan untuk kemampanan fiskal dalam jangka masa panjang
LARGE MAMMALS
No full textSarawak is well known for its vast network of protected areas, encompassing 67 totally protected areas (National Parks, Nature Reserves and Wild Life Sanctuaries) covering approximately 874,523 hectares as of 2025, making it one of the states with the highest number of such areas in Malaysia. These protected areas are strategically distributed across the State, providing pristine habitats for a diverse array of species, including many of conservation importance. Among these, large mammals
stand out as key ecological components and cultural icons. Some of the finest examples of Bornean large mammals (e.g., carnivores and primates) are found within Sarawak’s protected areas, including Niah National Park (NNP)
The Relationship between Remote Working and Individual Work Performance Mediated by Satisfaction with Work-Life Balance
No full textThe main purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between remote working and individual work performance and if satisfaction with work-life balance could
mediate such a relationship. Using purposive sampling techniques, a group of 110 employees of a utility company in Sarawak, Malaysia, completed a self-report questionnaire
encompassing sociodemographic information and the following measures: remote working scale, satisfaction with work-life balance scale, and individual work performance scale. The
survey data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS v26.0 and PROCESS. The study’s findings confirmed the mediating role of satisfaction with work-life balance in the relationship between remote working and individual work performance. In conclusion, the finding of this study is in line with the Social Exchange Theory in terms of the reciprocity mechanism where remote working meets an employee’s higher level of satisfaction with work-life balance, they will, in return, express their commitment through their performance by increasing their task and contextual performance and decreasing counterproductive work behavior
Kesan Kepimpinan Instruksional ke atas Komitmen Organisasi Guru di Sarawak: Kepengikutan sebagai Mediator
No full textKejayaan pendidikan sangat dipengaruhi oleh tahap komitmen organisasi guru. Namun, peranan kepimpinan instruksional dalam membentuk komitmen tersebut masih belum difahami sepenuhnya. Ketidakselarasan dapatan kajian terdahulu membuka ruang untuk penyelidikan baharu khususnya dalam konteks Sarawak yang berdepan cabaran geografi, infrastruktur dan sosio-budaya yang unik. Jadi, kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti kesan kepimpinan instruksional terhadap komitmen organisasi guru dengan memberi tumpuan
kepada peranan kepengikutan sebagai mediator. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah kajian kuantitatif berbentuk korelasi (correlational research design) yang melibatkan 894 guru sekolah rendah yang dipilih melalui persampelan kluster. Data dikumpul dengan menggunakan instrumen soal selidik secara atas talian melalui aplikasi Google Forms.
Principal Instructional Management Rating Scale (PIMRS) yang dibangunkan oleh Philip Hallinger (2013) telah digunakan bagi mengukur tingkah laku guru besar. The Revised of
Kelly Followership Questionnaire (KFQ-R) yang telah dibuat semakan semula oleh Kevin et al. (2019) dan Three Component Model Employee Commitment Survey (TCM-ECS) versi semakan yang dibangunkan oleh Meyer dan Allen (2004) pula digunakan untuk mengukur tingkah laku guru. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package for the
Social Sciences (SPSS) untuk analisis deskriptif dan kebolehpercayaan awal manakala Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) melalui perisian
SmartPLS digunakan bagi menilai kebolehpercayaan, kesahan serta hubungan antara pemboleh ubah. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kepimpinan instruksional mempunyai
hubungan positif dan signifikan dengan komitmen organisasi. Analisis lanjut membuktikan kepengikutan berfungsi sebagai mediator yang signifikan dalam hubungan tersebut. Kajian
ini memperkukuh aplikasi Teori Pembelajaran Sosial Bandura dalam kepimpina pendidikan serta menyediakan bukti empirikal baharu dalam konteks sekolah rendah di Sarawak. Dapatan juga memberi implikasi praktikal kepada pentadbir sekolah dan pembuat dasar dalam merangka program kepimpinan instruksional dan kepengikutan yang berkesan bagi meningkatkan komitmen guru.
Kata kunci: Kepimpinan instruksional, kepengikutan, komitmen organisasi
Pengaplikasian Pendekatan Semantik Inkuisitif untuk Analisis Peribahasa dalam Buku Teks Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah Bahasa Melayu Tingkatan 4 dan Tingkatan 5
No full textPemahaman peribahasa pada dasarnya memerlukan kemahiran berfikir logik tinggi kerana sifat metaforanya. Makna leksikal peribahasa tidak menggambarkan makna sebenar, menjadikan pendekatan yang sesuai penting untuk mentafsir maksudnya secara mendalam dan menyeluruh. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaplikasian pendekatan semantik inkuisitif oleh Jalaluddin (2014) untuk menganalisis makna peribahasa Melayu yang terkandung dalam buku teks KSSM Bahasa Melayu Tingkatan 4 dan Tingkatan 5. Pendekatan ini dicadangkan sebagai kaedah alternatif dalam pembelajaran peribahasa Melayu di peringkat menengah atas. Pendekatan semantik inkuisitif merangkumi tiga tahap analisis, iaitu semantik skrip, semantik resonans dan semantik inkuisitif yang bertujuan meneliti makna peribahasa dari aspek permukaan, literal, kontekstual, serta untuk mencungkil falsafah dan akal budi penutur jatinya. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kualitatif melalui analisis kandungan sepenuhnya. Data kajian diperoleh daripada buku teks KSSM Bahasa Melayu Tingkatan 4 dan Tingkatan 5. Sebanyak 180 peribahasa dikenal pasti dan dikategorikan kepada empat tema utama, iaitu Perpaduan, Pendidikan, Adat dan Warisan, serta Sumber Alam. Dua peribahasa daripada setiap tema dianalisis secara mendalam bagi menonjolkan nilai budaya, falsafah dan akal budi masyarakat Melayu. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pengaplikasian pendekatan semantik inkuisitif dapat menganalisis makna peribahasa secara sistematik, berstruktur dan menyeluruh. Pendekatan ini membuktikan bahawa peribahasa Melayu bukan sahaja menjadi medium komunikasi dan penghias bahasa, tetapi turut menyampaikan nilai, pengajaran dan maklumat budaya dalam masyarakat Melayu. Analisis mendalam terhadap peribahasa juga menunjukkan pengintegrasian aspek multidisiplin seperti botani, ekologi, geografi dan sosiologi (bagai aur dengan tebing), zoologi, pendidikan dan agama Islam (hendak belajar berenang dapatkan itik, hendak belajar memanjat dapatkan tupai), serta antropologi budaya dan seni bina tradisional Melayu (langkah bendul). Kajian ini turut menegaskan kesesuaian pendekatan semantik inkuisitif untuk diintegrasikan dengan strategi pembelajaran yang dicadangkan dalam KSSM Bahasa Melayu, termasuk pembelajaran kontekstual, pembelajaran inkuiri, kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dan elemen merentas kurikulum. Implikasi kajian mencadangkan agar pendekatan ini dijadikan panduan kepada guru dalam merancang aktiviti pembelajaran peribahasa yang lebih komprehensif dan bermakna. Secara keseluruhan, kajian ini mendapati bahawa pendekatan semantik inkuisitif bukan sahaja berfungsi sebagai alat untuk menganalisis makna peribahasa, tetapi juga sebagai medium pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan aspek linguistik, nilai, budaya, falsafah, pemikiran, kebijaksanaan, serta penghargaan terhadap kepentingan peribahasa