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Immersive Technologies in Museums: A Scoping Review of Cognitive Outcomes Related to Visitor Attention, Engagement, and Learning
Get PDFThe integration of immersive technologies—such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR)—has transformed the landscape of museum experiences from passive observation to interactive, visitor-centered engagement. This scoping review systematically maps the literature on the cognitive impacts of immersive technologies in museum settings, with a focus on attention, engagement, and learning outcomes. Following the PRISMA-SCRA guidelines and Arksey and O’Malley’s framework, 66 peer-reviewed studies published between 2013 and 2024 were analyzed. The findings reveal that immersive technologies significantly enhance visual and auditory attention, emotional and cognitive engagement, and memory retention, especially when grounded in cognitive frameworks such as Flow Theory, Cognitive Load Theory, and Dual-Coding Theory. Virtual reality emerged as the most frequently studied modality, particularly in facilitating episodic memory and spatial attention. Despite these benefits, the review highlights critical gaps in the field, including limited inclusion of neurodiverse and elderly visitor groups, inconsistent cognitive outcome measures, and underutilization of real-time assessment tools like eye-tracking. This review underscores the need for inclusive, theoretically informed, and empirically rigorous approaches to immersive exhibit design that align with cognitive and educational principles
The antibiotic resistance profile of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from salt licks within Baleh and Ulu Kapit regions in Sarawak
Get PDFAims: This study primarily reports the isolation and identification of antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from salt licks in the interior parts of Baleh in Kapit District, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Methodology and results: Thirty Enterobacteriaceae isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The 16S rRNA
sequence based identification of isolates revealed the presence of Escherichia coli (48%, n=16), Enterobacter soli (9%,n=3), Citrobacter amalonaticus (9%, n=3), E. lignolyticus (6%, n=2), E. albertii (6%, n=2) and the remaining each with a percentage of 3% (n=1) were Enterobacter sp., Kluyvera ascorbata, C. freundii and Citrobacter sp., respectively. Based on the antimicrobial analysis, all isolates (100%, n=30) were sensitive to four of the antibiotics tested, namely ceftazidime, gentamicin, ofloxacin and tetracycline. Higher susceptibility was also observed against trimethoprim (86.7%, n=26) and nalidixic acid (63.3%, n=19). In contrast, the isolates showed low resistant activities towards kanamycin (40%, n=12) and trimethoprim (3.3%, n= 1). Additionally, the isolates were observed to show intermediate against kanamycin
(60%, n=18), nalidixic acid (36.7%, n=11) and trimethoprim (10%, n=3). MAR index of all the isolates (100%) was below
0.2, indicating that these isolates originate low risk of antibiotic contamination sources.
Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Despite the low level of antibiotic-resistant of the Enterobacteriaceae
from the salt licks, there is still a possibility that the transmission of the antibiotic-resistant genes among bacterial communities in the salt lick environment. The findings of this study provide valuable insight into the conservation effort of salt lick resources
Kecerdasan Emosi vs. Kecerdasan Buatan : Mengupas Konsep ‘Qalb Intellegence’ Berasaskan Pemikiran Al-Ghazali dari Perspektif Pengurusan Kontemporari
Get PDFPemikiran Imam Al-Ghazali telah menjadi antara warisan keilmuan Islam yang paling berpengaruh dalam pelbagai bidang termasuk teologi, falsafah, tasawuf, dan etika. Namun, nilai dan konsep pemikirannya juga membawa implikasi yang mendalam dalam bidang pengurusan moden, khususnya dari aspek kepimpinan beretika, kecerdasan hati (Qalb Intelligence), pengurusan diri, serta prinsip waspada dalam membuat keputusan. Artikel ini meneliti bagaimana pemikiran berasaskan kecerdasan hati (qalb) yang ditekankan oleh Al- Ghazali dapat dijadikan kerangka rujukan dalam menangani isu-isu kontemporari dalam pengurusan dan tingkahlaku organisasi, terutama dalam era pasca-milenium yang sarat dengan tekanan psikososial, keruntuhan etika korporat, dan krisis identiti kepimpinan. Penelitian ini menggabungkan pendekatan analitik dan interpretatif terhadap karya-karya utama Al-Ghazali dan menghubungkan qalb intelligence (QI) dengan konsep-konsep pengurusan moden dengan menyoroti manipulasi pertembungan antara kecerdasan emosi (EI) dan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam konteks pengurusan kontemporari, Dapatan ini menyimpulkan bahawa dalam meneliti pertembungan antara kecerdasan emosi (EI) dan kecerdasan buatan (AI) dalam konteks pengurusan kontemporari, jelas bahawa emosi manusia semata-mata boleh dimanipulasi oleh sistem yang direka untuk membaca dan memanipulasi respons psikologi. Qalb intelligence berperanan sebagai kompas etika yang memastikan kecerdasan emosi (yang boleh dimanipulasi untuk kepentingan peribadi) dan kecerdasan buatan (yang bersifat tanpa jiwa) tetap bergerak dalam jalur kebenaran dan nilai kemanusiaan. Ia membantu pemimpin membuat keputusan bukan sekadar berdasarkan perasaan (EI) atau data (AI), tetapi atas pertimbangan nilai dan kesedaran spiritual. Ini menjadikan kepimpinan lebih berakhlak, telus dan seimbang, bukan sekadar mengejar prestasi atau automasi
Employee Motivation and Job Performance of Non-Academic Staff in Chinese Universities
No full textThis study investigates the relationship between monetary and non-monetary motivations and financial and non-financial job performance among non-academic staff in Chinese universities. Using data from 356 respondents, analyzed via Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) with Smart-PLS4, this study finds that both incentive types significantly affect performance. Monetary incentives such as salaries and bonuses primarily enhance f inancial performance; on the contrary, non-monetary incentives such as training, career advancement, and supportive work environments have a stronger impact on nonfinancial performance, including job satisfaction and service quality. The findings underscore the importance of implementing balanced motivation strategies that integrate both financial rewards and developmental support. From a policy perspective, this study recommends customized incentive systems to improve administrative effectiveness and contribute to the strategic development of universities. These insights offer practical guidance for strengthening human resource practices and maximizing the performance of non-academic personnel in the context of higher education in China
Understanding Female Gamers’ Experiences in Online Video Games Communities
Get PDFGaming culture has evolved significantly, transitioning from localized arcades to global digital platforms that connect diverse players. This study explores the lived experiences of female gamers, focusing on the intersection of gender and technology in online gaming spaces. It aims to examine the
systemic barriers female gamers face, such as discrimination, gender-based stereotypes, and harassment, while also identifying the coping strategies they employ to navigate these challenges.
Objectives of study include exploring discriminatory practices and gender stereotypes female gamers encounter in online video game communities, investigating the effects of gender preconceptions on female gamers' experiences and interactions in online gaming communities, and analysing how female gamers negotiate their identities within online video game communities. Social Identity Theory is used as it is relevant in gaming, where identity is constructed through participation in virtual communities.
Eight female gamers were interviewed and the results were analysed thematically. Findings are divided into discriminatory practices and gender stereotypes faced by female gamers, the effects of gender preconceptions on female gamers’ experiences and how female gamers negotiate their identities in online gaming communities. Participants described balancing their identities by selectively engaging with different aspects of gaming culture. Despite encountering challenges, female gamers demonstrate resilience, actively challenging stereotypes, and foster supportive networks to counteract the toxicity they face
Voices of Survival : A Qualitative Study On Childhood Trauma, Identity Fractures, and the Quest for Mental Health Validation
No full textPsychological development and coping among adult survivors of childhood trauma provides important insight into the
nature of childhood abuse, yet culturally situated of Malaysian survivors still remain underrepresented. In this
qualitative study, the lived experiences of ten Malaysian young adults with childhood trauma are explored, by
employing thematic analysis method, to understand how they are sense-making from their experiences. Four master
themes emerged: (1) Erosion of Self (imposter syndrome, alienation), (2) Survival Coping (avoidance vs. adaptation),
(3) Structural Betrayal (cost barriers, cultural incompetence), and (4) Trauma Minimization (comparative
invalidation). Notably, participants described trauma as "an inherited language of pain"—shaping identity through
internalized stigma and systemic abandonment. Findings challenge Western-centric trauma models by highlighting
familial collectivism and religious taboos as unique barriers. Trauma-informed policies that center survivor voices in Malaysia’s mental health reform is to be argued for. This research positions survivors’ narratives not as peripheral stories, but as essential blueprints for decolonising trauma recovery in Malaysia and similar contexts
A Japanese encephalitis virus biological clone with an E gene point mutation exhibits in vitro and in vivo attenuation of neurovirulence
Get PDFThe Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a leading cause of viral encephalitis, exists as similar but non-identical biological clones whose genomic variations/mutations may determine neurovirulence. Two biological clones purified from a brain-derived, clinical isolate were tested in vitro for neurovirulence using human neuronal cells (SK-N-MC) and mouse neuronal cells (NIE-115) and in vivo on a footpad-inoculation mouse model. One clone (JEV-M) demonstrated significantly reduced infectivity in both neuronal cells and the mouse model compared to another clone (JEV-V). Of the 2 E gene point mutations in JEV-M, only the T175C mutation, which translates as an E protein residue 59, amino acid tyrosine to histidine change (Y59H), was found to be the neurovirulence determinant as confirmed by testing with infectious clones with or without these mutations. These novel findings could further our understanding of JEV neuropathogenesis and may be useful for future vaccine development
Non-contact measurement of glucose in urine by smartphone based laser refractometry for diabetes monitoring
Get PDFDiabetes mellitus is a global health issue affecting millions of people and requires regular glucose level
monitoring. Current non-invasive methods, such as urinalysis (including colorimetry and biosensors), are primarily laboratory-based and lack user-friendliness, limiting their practicality for continuous glucose monitoring. Although promising, research on smartphone-integrated laser refractometry for glucose detection remains limited. To address this gap, a non-contact, smartphone-based laser
refractometer for glucose monitoring was developed. This prototype measures the refractive index of urine by analyzing the refracted length of a laser line, which correlates with fasting blood glucose concentrations. The system uses a smartphone to capture high-resolution images of the laser line generated by total internal reflection through a rod and refraction through the urine sample.
Assessments were conducted using controlled glucose concentrations, varying turbidity levels, different samples volume, and shelf-life conditions. Volumetric and shelf-life variations showed no significant impact on results, whereas turbidity assessments revealed a limitation of up to 57
nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). Fasting glucose levels measured from using the developed system were compared with laboratory fasting blood glucose results, yielding a correlation coefficients of 0.89 and a sensitivity of 4.8 mg/dL. The system is low-cost, making it accessible and suitable for telemedicine applications, offering remote glucose monitoring for patients. This approach paves the
way for clinically relevant glucose detection in diabetic patients without the need for invasive fingerprick blood sampling
Does Urbanization Affects Economic Growth? Panel Analysis on Selected ASEAN Countries
Get PDFThis research study is conducted to examine the relationship between economic
development, population, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, energy consumption and foreign
direct investment during the process of urbanization in selected countries namely Brunei
Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.
The annual dataset is taken from 2010 to 2017 in World Bank and CEIC. Software Eviews 10
is used for panel data analysis and tests used are Descriptive analysis, Pooled Ordinary Least
Square (POLS) Method, Correlation Test, Random Effect Model, Fixed Effect Model, BreuschPagan LM test, Hausman Test, Panel Unit Root Test, Panel Cointegration Test and Panel
Granger Causality Test. Results shows that all variable data is valid as the mean for each
variable was below the range of minimum and maximum values reflect that there is no
possible outlier. In addition, majority of the variables are in 1st order and found to be
cointegrated, indicating the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship between carbon
dioxide emissions, FDI, population and energy consumption in terms of GDP. In the short
term, there are three uni-directional Granger causality that run from GDP, energy
consumption and foreign investment to population, while ECT shows that population and
energy use exist in the long run. Policies such as decentralization, business and industry. and
human resources need to be implemented by policy makers in selected ASEAN countries to
ensure economic growth without affecting the environment during the process of
urbanization
A Retrospective View of Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA)
Get PDFThe paper provides a retrospective view of the discourse-historical approach (DHA) by conducting a bibliometric analysis of articles on DHA in the Scopus database for 2002-2023. A total of 335 documents were retrieved, indicating that the field remains relatively new and unsaturated. The
United Kingdom was the leading contributor to DHA research because the founder of DHA, Ruth Wodak is from Lancaster University. The focal point of DHA research has been on media and political discourse because of the research interests of Wodak and her former postgraduate students, Boukala and Forchtner, who published prolifically on DHA. However, the most globally cited work is Baker et
al.‘s (2008) ―A useful methodological synergy? Combining critical discourse analysis and corpus linguistics to examine discourses of refugees and asylum seekers in the UK press‖. The bibliometric analysis showed that the Journal of Language and Politics has the most publications on DHA while Discourse and Society has the highest total citations. DHA research since 2017 has gravitated towards analysis of ―argumentation‖ in populism, ideology and COVID-19 in social media discourse, and there is an emergence of research focusing on the nomination and predication strategies in new areas such as interpretation and Islamophobia. The study indicates that selectivity in the use of discursive strategies may hamper the potential of DHA to explain how societal changes influence discourse, and for the field to advance, it is essential to revisit a comprehensive framework that necessitates an examination of all five discursive strategies