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Key Insights into Recommended SMS Spam Detection Datasets
Get PDFShort Message Service (SMS) spam poses significant risks, including financial scams and phishing attempts. Although numerous datasets from online repositories have been utilized to address this issue, little attention has been given to evaluating their effectiveness and impact on SMS spam detection models. This study fills this gap by assessing the performance of ten SMS spam detection datasets using Decision Tree and Multinomial Naïve Bayes models. Datasets were evaluated based on accuracy and qualitative factors such as authenticity, class imbalance, feature diversity, metadata availability, and preprocessing needs. Due to the multilingual nature of the datasets, experiments were conducted with two stopword removal groups: one in English and another in the respective non-English languages. The key findings of this research have led to the recommendation of Dataset 5 for future SMS spam detection research, as evidence from the dataset’s high qualitative assessment score of 3.8 out of 5.0 due to its high feature diversity, real-world complexity, and balanced class distribution, and low detection rate of 86.10% from Multinomial Naïve Bayes. Recommending a dataset that poses challenges for high model performance fosters the development of more robust and adaptable spam detection models capable of handling diverse forms of noise and ambiguity. Furthermore, selecting the dataset with the highest qualitative score enhances research quality, improves model generalizability, and mitigates risks related to bias and inconsistencies
Paper‑based colorimetric sensor based on graphene oxide/ platinum‑gold nanocomposites for simultaneous detection of Hg2 ⁺ and Ag⁺
Get PDFThe presence of Hg2 ⁺ and Ag⁺ ions in the environment represents a considerable risk to both human health and ecological systems. Current detection methodologies are typically characterized by their complexity, protracted duration, and inability to simultaneously identify these ions. This study introduces an innovative paper-based colorimetric sensor that employs graphene oxide/platinum-coated gold nanoparticles (GO/Pt@AuNPs) composites, marking the frst instance of achieving simultaneous, rapid, low-cost, and visually quantifable detection of Hg2 ⁺ and Ag⁺. The sensor capitalizes on the peroxidaselike activity of GO/Pt@AuNPs to facilitate the oxidation of tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2),
resulting in the production of a blue chromophore. The catalytic activity is selectively inhibited by Hg2
⁺ and Ag⁺ ions, which leads to a decrease in color intensity that is directly proportional to the concentration of the ions. For quantitative analysis, Hg2 ⁺ was selectively masked using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Experimental fndings have indicated detection limits of 0.05 μM for Hg2 ⁺ and 2.5 μM for Ag⁺, with a detection time of merely 1 min. This method is distinguished by its high selectivity, portability, and capability for naked-eye quantifcation, rendering it particularly suitable for the rapid on-site detection of Hg2 ⁺ and Ag⁺ in environmental water, food, and biological samples. This is an efective approach for monitoring pollutants in settings with limited resources
Factors influencing student engagement in online ideological and political education : a qualitative study of vocational college students in China
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the global shift to online education, exposing both opportunities and challenges in ideological and political (I&P) courses at Chinese higher vocational colleges, where student engagement remains pivotal yet underexplored. This qualitative study
examines how students perceive and experience engagement in online I&P courses framed by Activity Theory, Social Interaction, and Critical Pedagogy. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 students (15 males, 15 females; freshman to junior cohorts) from Anhui Vocational and Technical College, using Tencent Meetings for 30-minute
sessions. Thematic analysis identified two core themes: (1)
Infrastructure—students emphasized the necessity of clear rules, stable platforms (e.g., MOOCs, ClassIn), and teacher responsiveness to foster accountability; (2) Engagement Dynamics—peer collaboration, realworld case studies, and critical discussions enhanced motivation, while
poor internet connectivity, abstract content, and self-regulation struggles impeded participation. Notably, students highlighted the transformative potential of interactive tools (e.g., real-time Q&A, role-playing simulations) in bridging theory and practice. Limitations include the single-institution sample, potential response bias, and lack of longitudinal data. Nevertheless, findings offer actionable insights: educators should design modular content aligned with vocational contexts, integrate
adaptive technologies to mitigate connectivity issues and implement structured peer-review systems to sustain motivation. Institutional support for digital literacy training and hybrid learning models is also critical. Future research should expand to diverse regions, incorporate
mixed methods, and track long-term outcomes to strengthen pedagogical strategies in online I&P education
Comparison between Pakistani ESL Undergraduates' and Teachers’ Attitudes, Perspectives and Challenges in Collaborative Learning Approach
Get PDFIn the 21st century, English language pedagogy has increasingly moved from a teacher- centered to a student-centered approach, a shift that has influenced educational practices globally, including in Pakistan. Collaborative Learning Approach (CLA) is central to this transition, encouraging active student engagement and interaction. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the extent to which Pakistani ESL undergraduates' attitudes, views, and challenges in CLA match their teachers' perspectives. The study employed survey design and data were collected using questionnaires with items adapted from a combination of previous studies. The questionnaires were validated from three English language experts. Sixty Pakistani ESL undergraduates and ten Pakistani ESL teachers participated in the pilot survey. Good to excellent reliability on Cronbach alpha was measured in all questionnaires adapted for Pakistani ESL undergraduates and teachers. Then the main study was conducted which involved 420 Pakistani ESL undergraduates and 35 Pakistani ESL teachers who were selected randomly through cluster sampling from seven out of thirteen public/government universities of Islamabad, the federal territory of Pakistan. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The findings showed that the attitudes of Pakistani ESL undergraduates are positive towards learning English. Similarly, Pakistani ESL teachers also revealed positive perspectives about their undergraduates’ attitudes towards learning English. A weak negative correlation between the attitudes of Pakistani ESL undergraduates towards learning English and the perspectives of Pakistani ESL teachers about their undergraduates’ attitudes towards learning English was reported. Moreover, Pakistani ESL undergraduates revealed positive views about CLA in learning English. Likewise, Pakistani ESL teachers revealed positive perspectives about their undergraduates on CLA in learning English. A weak negative correlation between the
views of Pakistani ESL undergraduates about CLA and the perspectives of Pakistani ESL teachers about their undergraduates on CLA in learning English. In addition, Pakistani ESL undergraduates faced moderate challenges in CLA in learning English. Further, Pakistani ESL teachers revealed moderate perspectives about the challenges faced by their undergraduates in CLA in learning English. A weak negative relationship between the challenges faced by Pakistani ESL undergraduates in CLA and the perspectives of Pakistani ESL teachers about the challenges faced by their undergraduates in CLA in learning English. This study will assist educators, policymakers, and curriculum designers in the development of innovative and useful policies for improved ESL learning
A critical review on advancements and challenges in CO2 gas separation via 6FDA-based membranes
Get PDFMembrane technology is at the cutting edge of gas separation, offering energy-efficient and scalable solutions across industries. This review analyses 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA)-based polyimides, emphasising their vital role in CO2 gas separation. It discusses recent advancements and highlights their characteristics: high free volume, thermal stability, and chemical resistance, making them ideal for efficient gas separation. The review also covers fabrication methods for 6FDA-derived membranes, including composite and hybrid types with superior performance. It further examines recent advancements in 6FDA-based polymeric membranes, particularly mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) and hybrid architectures, with a focused discussion on polymer modifications such as thermal rearrangement and cross-linking, as well as the strategic integration of advanced fillers, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs), and ionic liquids (ILs). These advancements collectively contribute to enhanced membrane performance and expand their potential applications in gas separation technologies. For instance, adding 20 wt. % ZIF-67 to 6FDA-Durene significantly increased CO₂ permeability from 669.12 to 1529.86 Barrer. However, this enhancement came at the cost of a slight decrease in CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ selectivities. In contrast, incorporating 20 wt. % [Emim][Tf₂N]@ZIF-67 improved CO₂ permeability by 33 %, while also increasing CO₂/N₂ selectivity from 25 to 28 and CO₂/CH₄ selectivity from 24 to 28. This highlights the superior performance of hybrid membranes over other composite formulations. The review highlights molecular simulations' critical role in revealing atomistic interactions and optimising filler-polymer interfaces, addressing scalability issues in experimental separations. These simulations provide insights for developing high-performance membranes. It also offers a comprehensive overview of current research and future directions by discussing experimental findings and molecular dynamics simulations. Additionally, it emphasises the potential of 6FDA-based membranes for industrial applications, indicating that advancements in filler modification and polymer design could help overcome existing challenges
Exploring psychosocial needs of young women with breast cancer in a country with crisis: a mixed-methods study
Get PDFIntroduction: Previous research conducted in politically stable countries showed that the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer among young women can be very distressing and devastating and may result in a lot of unmet psychosocial needs affecting their quality of life. This study aimed to address the psychosocial needs of young women with breast cancer in war-torn Syria.
Materials and methods: A mixed-methods explanatory sequential design was employed in this study. Initially, a quantitative survey was conducted for 3 months from May to July 2022 on 167 young women using the Psychological Needs Inventory to identify their psychosocial needs. Secondly, a qualitative, semi-structured interview was conducted for 6 months from July to December 2022 with 11 participants to explore the challenges faced in meeting these needs.
Results: The quantitative results showed that three items, "Help with financial matters", "Advice about food and diet", and "Help with transport", were identified as significant unmet psychosocial needs. All three items fall within the category of practical needs. The qualitative results identified five themes: (1) challenges of adequate information needs with five subthemes (inadequate communication with the health professionals, lack of educational programs and awareness campaigns, inadequate number of nurses, need for nutritionists, and effects of unmet informational needs); (2) psychological challenges with five subthemes (uncertainty of the future, fear concerning the children, fear of death, treatment-related effects and the loss of a woman's identity, and inadequate psychosocial care); (3) financial challenges with 2 subthemes (treatment not available and expensive, low incomes and high cost of living); (4) social influences with 2 subthemes (society's view and stigma, lack of marriage choices); and (5) environmental stressors with 2 subthemes (stressful hospital environment and situational factors).
Conclusion: These psychosocial needs identified were found to align with Maslow's hierarchy of needs, underscoring a cascading effect of the Syrian crisis across various dimensions of well-being. Young breast cancer women living in countries with crises have high levels of unmet psychosocial needs
A rare cause of MINOCA : Embolism of a thrombus arising from accessory mitral valve tissue
Get PDFA 51-year-old lady with underlying hypertension presented with angina. Electrocardiogram showed no ischemic changes, but the highly sensitive Troponin I was 203.3ng/L (reference range≤26.2ng/L). Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a left ventricular ejection fraction of 65% with no regional wall motion abnormality but suspicion of posterior mitral valve (MV) leaflet mass with trivial mitral regurgitation with no evidence of valve stenosis. (Panel A, supplementary material online, video S1). Coronary angiogram demonstrated 20% stenosis at the distal left anterior descending artery
TPACK-universal design for learning for Malaysian intellectual disability education : low-high tech integration
No full textThe integration of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) and universal design for learning (UDL) in special education remains challenging, particularly for intellectual disabilities (ID) learners in East Malaysia. This study investigated how special education teachers utilize technology tools and integrate UDL principles with TPACK frameworks to support ID learners, addressing the need for inclusive education aligned with sustainable development goal 4 (SDG 4). Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis from four purposively selected special education teachers in two East Malaysian secondary schools offering special education integration programs (SEIP). Thematic analysis revealed three key findings: i) low technology supports for accessibility and engagement; ii) high technology integration for personalization and empowerment; and iii) integrating of TPACK and UDL principles challenges due to limited understanding and resource constraints. The study concluded that while teachers show commitment to technology use, there is a pressing need for targeted professional development to enhance TPACK and UDL competencies. These findings align with SDG 4’s focus on quality education for all, emphasizing how enhanced teacher training and effective technology integration can significantly improve the quality and inclusivity of education for ID learners
Recommendation for Product Selling Opportunity using Hybrid-MCDM in E-commerce Marketplace
Get PDFThe rapid growth of E-commerce platform has attracted both consumers and sellers, yet it presents significant challenges for sellers due to intensifying competition. This heightened competition may result in market losses for sellers. To mitigate these challenges, sellers must enhance their competitiveness in the marketplace. Thus, a data analytic approach to identify potential products through product selling recommendation for sellers within the E-commerce marketplace was proposed. By leveraging these recommendations, sellers can make informed decisions and saves time on complex decision-making processes. The Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) method is applied to identify potential products, utilizing Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). AHP uses pairwise comparison to derive weights, while TOPSIS focuses on proximity to the ideal solution. These methods have been selected for ranking alternatives in MCDM. In order to apply MCDM, various product feature such as Estimated Sales Volume (ESV), Net Promoter Rating (NPR), Sales Rate (SR) and Price (P) are proposed. These features serve as the key metrics for evaluating the potential of a product in the marketplace. The hybrid-based MCDM method (AHP-TOPSIS) is evaluated using Ranking Evaluation Value (REV). REV is used as a quantitative metric to compare the appropriateness of the ranking outcomes under a consistent set of criteria weights. In this evaluation, higher REV values indicate better-aligned recommendations with the decision making objectives. To ensure the consistency of the hybrid-based ranking model, further experiment is conducted to evaluate its overall performance. To test the consistency of the model over time, different datasets were used to imitate the data from various timelines. Additionally, different product categories were included to evaluate the performance of the model across diverse types of products. The results demonstrated that AHP-TOPSIS offers superior identification of potential products based on the product features (ESV, NPR, SR and P). Therefore, the application of AHP-TOPSIS to identify potential products is able to help sellers to overcome competitiveness in the E-commerce marketplace