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THE MUSICAL DESCRIPTOR USING FAST FOURIER TRANSFORM (FFT): EXAMPLES IN P RAMLEE SONGS
No full textThe musical descriptor can be characterize using quantitative evaluation of audio sounds. This paper evaluates the musical descriptors for P Ramlee instrumental songs utilizing the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) from the audio sounds signal. In this study, Python programming language is used to develop a series of custom scripts to calculate the musical descriptors. The approach involved constructing musical descriptors from instrumental music through analysis and digital processing of the spectra. The signal data were first transformed using the FFT to extract frequencies and intensities, which are crucial for identifying the spectral signature of musical sounds. The FFT is particularly valuable as it uniquely represents the spectral content of any musical sound by transforming the time-domain signal into its frequency-domain components. The Affinity coefficient, A, increased from 1.43 (Jangan Tinggal Daku) to 6.67 (Dendang Perantau), 8.96 (Di Pinggiran) and 13.81 (Getaran Jiwa). The Sharpness coefficient, S for Di Pinggiran is 0.039, Getaran
Jiwa is 0.040, Dendang Perantau is 0.056 and Jangan Tinggal Daku is 0.065. The Harmonicity coefficient H for Di
Pinggiran showed the highest H i.e. 17.0 followed by Dendang Perantau i.e. 8.2, Jangan Tinggal Daku i.e. 7.5 and
Getaran Jiwa i.e. only 5.0. Monotony coefficient M of Dendang Perantau showed the lowest M i.e. ¡0.0096 followed by Di Pinggiran i.e. ¡0.0013, Jangan Tinggal Daku i.e. 0.0198 and Getaran Jiwa i.e. 0.0638. The Mean Affinity (MA) increase from 0.1689 (Getaran Jiwa) to 0.5322 (Dendang Perantau), 0.8673 (Di Pinggiran) and 1.3877 (Jangan Tinggal Daku). The Mean Contrast (MC) increase from 0.1568 (Di Pinggiran) to 0.3160 (Dendang Perantau), 0.4430 (Jangan Tinggal Daku) and 0.4755 (Getaran Jiwa)
Clear Cell Sarcoma in an Elderly Man
No full textClear Cell Sarcoma of Soft Tissue (CCSST) is a rare, aggressive tumour with melanocytic differentiation, often referred to as “malignant melanoma of soft parts.” First described by Enzinger in 1965, it accounts for < 1% of soft tissue sarcomas and characterised by an EWSR1–ATF1 gene fusion resulting from a t(12;22) translocation. CCSST typically affects young adults (20–40 years) and arises deep in the extremities, often near tendons or aponeuroses. Its close histological and immunohistochemical resemblance to melanoma makes diagnosis challenging, particularly in atypical sites or older patients.
Molecular confirmation using FISH or next-generation sequencing is now essential. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for localised disease, though options for metastatic CCSST are limited. This case aims to raise awareness that CCSST can occur outside its classical age range and anatomical sites, and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of deep soft tissue tumours, even in elderly patients
Malaysia's Tertiary Student’s to The Tendencies Interest of Integrity and The Threat of Corruption
No full textCorruption remains a significant threat to governance, social equity, and sustainable development, particularly in developing countries. In Malaysia, efforts to promote
integrity and combat corruption have been central to public policy, yet the attitudes and perceptions of the younger generation—especially tertiary students—remain under explored. Under the National Anti-Corruption Plan (NACP) 2019–2023, the Malaysian government has mandated that higher education institutions introduce and implement integrity and anti�corruption courses beginning in 2023. The primary objective is to cultivate a strong sense of ethical responsibility among students, ensuring they recognize their role in upholding integrity and contributing to national efforts to combat corruption. This study investigates the
relationship between the tendency toward integrity (IT) and the perceived threat of corruption (CT) among tertiary-level students in Malaysia. A total of 219 participants, primarily from higher education institutions in Malaysia, were surveyed to explore how awareness and perception of corruption influence personal integrity values. The research employed descriptive statistics, correlational analysis, and linear regression to examine the interplay between the two constructs. The findings revealed a strong and statistically significant positive correlation between perceived corruption threat and integrity tendency. Specifically, the
perceived corruption threat was found to explain 62.4% of the variance in integrity tendency, suggesting that as students become more aware of corruption and its consequences, they are more likely to develop and exhibit a stronger inclination toward ethical behavior and personal
integrity. These results highlight the importance of reinforcing anti-corruption education and awareness campaigns within academic settings. Cultivating integrity among students may serve as a key strategy for long-term cultural and institutional reform. The study contributes
to the growing body of literature on youth integrity development and underscores the role of perceived societal threats in shaping ethical values
From Sarawak to The World: One Sustainable Spoon at a Time
No full textBorsa Food Sdn Bhd is a Sarawak-born sustainable food manufacturer and distributor producing nutritious functional foods for a low-carbon future. The poster introduces two house brands: YourgutBB Kuching, offering probiotic, low-sugar, gut-friendly products made fresh daily from real ingredients; and NaVe, a purely plant-based range. Highlighted products include natural frozen yogurt, authentic Greek yogurt, stirred yogurt and Greek Yogurt Powerbite, with other offerings such as almond milk, konjac jelly and fruit jam too. The business is designed around circular economy principles: local labour and locally sourced ingredients support manufacturing, while waste management focuses on composting organic waste, segregating recyclables, and minimising landfill disposal. On the consumption side, the system emphasises low energy use, zero-waste practices, low-carbon operations, circular packaging, and freshly made-on-demand products. Customers are encouraged to return, refill, regenerate, reuse, upcycle, and repeat through ongoing education.
Scalability is demonstrated through a micro-factory concept with setup costs under RM250,000, delivering more than 25,000 servings per month and targeting 70% waste reduction. After launching its first retail outlet in 2023 and a second in 2025, Borsa Food proposes an expansion strategy that strengthens brand presence through direct consumer engagement, maximises micro-factory capacity, and builds community hubs for education, sampling, and programmes. Brand storytelling spaces will showcase sustainability in action while new outlets in high-traffic zones (malls, universities, town centres) extend reach. Investors are invited to join an ESG-aligned model backed by operational micro-factory supply, with indicative retail setup of RM250,000–RM300,000, a 2.5–3 year ROI target, and monthly turnover potential of RM35,000–RM60,000
Salinity Reduction of Sarawak Brackish Peat Water Sources by Utilizing Electrocoagulation Treatment System with Enhanced Faradaic Efficiency
No full textBrackish peat water in Sarawak’s rural coastal areas poses a serious treatment challenge due to changing salinity and high organic matter. Although electrocoagulation shows potential as a treatment method, its performance and reliability for this specific water source have yet to be thoroughly investigated. As such, this study aims to investigate the Faradaic efficiency of electrocoagulation treatment system in reducing salinity levels of Sarawak brackish peat water. Correspondingly, the objectives of this study include brackish peat water salinity characterization, Tafel analysis of aluminium corrosion, evaluating the effects of seawater percentages and applied voltages on Faradaic efficiency, and water quality analysis. Additionally, this study examines the salinity levels of Sarawak brackish peat water and its effect on aluminium corrosion using Tafel analysis followed by electrocoagulation treatment. The treatment efficiency was assessed through Faradaic efficiency and water quality tests with results compared to the Malaysia National Water Quality Standard. Subsequent, this study has found a linear correlation between salinity and seawater percentage, with salinity peaking at 19,300 mg/l at 100% seawater percentage. Tafel analysis also demonstrated that high seawater percentages could increase aluminium electrode corrosion owing to corrosion potential (Ecorr) reaching -1,256.82 mV and corrosion current density (Icorr) rising to 308.607 μA at 100% seawater. This study has also reported an optimal Faradaic efficiency of 95.63% was achieved at 10 V and 30% of seawater percentage. Moreover, the electrocoagulation system effectively reduced salinity levels which deemed suitable for domestic consumption under Class I of Malaysia National Water Quality Standards (NWQS). Overall, this study demonstrated the potential of electrocoagulation system as a sustainable system for salinity reduction in Sarawak brackish peat water at an optimum Faradaic efficiency
Effectiveness and Benefits of Service Learning: Perceptions of Undergraduate Students in Sarawak
No full textService learning is a pedagogical approach that has been applied in educational institutions worldwide since the 1970s. Beginning 2019, service learning has been implemented under the name ‘Service Learning Malaysia – University for Society’ (or SULAM) in the Malaysian university curriculum, including in Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS). However, in general, there has been lack of research regarding the effectiveness of service learning. This paper examines UNIMAS students’ perceptions of service learning projects. It describes the results of a study conducted among 83 second year Anthropology and Sociology students to investigate the effectiveness of service learning at the university level in Malaysia. The contents of the students’ reflection papers form the qualitative data of this study, which were analysed thematically using the inductive approach. The findings of this study indicate that most students perceive service learning to be effective in that their service learning projects have mainly achieved their goals. Furthermore, there were benefits gained by both students and the community through participation in service learning activities. This study adds to the growing body of knowledge on the efficacy of service learning, and the result show that service learning should continue to be implemented in the Malaysian academic curriculum. Additionally, this research helps to fill a notable void in studies examining the effectiveness and impacts of service learning in the Malaysian university context, particularly in Sarawak
Breaking Through the Calcified Neoatherosclerosis
No full textCLINICAL INFORMATION
Relevant Clinical History and Physical Exam. We report a 62-year-old gentleman with history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and history of PTCA to LAD and RCA with DES in 1997. He underwent a computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) examination for stable angina which revealed severe in stent restenosis with multiple calcified plaques. Guideline directed medical therapies were optimized. After family conference for mode of
revascularization, committed to high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) approach
CFD-Based Performance Optimization of Overlap Ratio in Savonius Hydrokinetic Turbines for Riverine Energy Systems
No full textThis paper offers a numerical investigation of the performance of Savonius hydrokinetic turbines with three
distinct blade overlap ratios: positive (+1.5), neutral (0), and negative (–1.5). The study employed twodimensional
transient simulations in ANSYS Fluent, using the Shear Stress Transport (SST) k-ω turbulence
model, to assess turbine performance in low-speed riverine currents with an input velocity of 0.8 m/s. The
overlap configurations were assessed across a range of tip speed ratios (TSR), with results compared in terms
of power coefficient (Cp), torque response, and flow characteristics. The 0-overlap configuration achieved the
highest efficiency, recording a peak Cp of 0.0794 at TSR 1.3. The 0-overlap configuration achieved the highest
efficiency, recording a peak Cp of 0.0794 at TSR 1.3. This performance can be attributed to the balanced
interaction between the advancing and returning blades, which minimizes flow interference. Compared to typical
small-scale horizontal-axis turbines operating under similar flow conditions, the observed Cp remains modest
but favorable for low-speed riverine applications. The standard deviation associated with this peak Cp value
was approximately ±0.0021, based on time-averaged torque data over multiple cycles. The +1.5 design
performed best at TSR 1.8 with Cp 0.0631, while the –1.5 case reached its peak Cp of 0.048 at TSR 0.7, offering
smoother start-up performance at low rotational speeds. Pressure and velocity contours revealed distinct flow
behaviors across geometries: smooth flow and minimal wake in the 0-overlap case, moderate separation for
+1.5, and strong vortex shedding with wide wake for −1.5, each correlating with their respective performance
trends. These findings underscore the impact of blade overlap on energy extraction and offer valuable guidance
for the design of riverine small-scale hydro turbines
Knowledge and Perceptions of Bat Guano Across Different Demographics in Malaysia
No full textThe study delves into the perceptions and knowledge of the local Malaysian community regarding bat guano. Bat guano, or bat faeces, plays a crucial role in cave ecosystems, serving as a source of energy and impacting habitat dynamics. Recognizing its properties is pivotal for effective conservation. Conducted through a virtual survey on platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, and LinkedIn, the study assessed respondents' demographics, guano knowledge, its importance, and willingness to use it. Among 103 respondents, mostly aged 18 to 25, 64.08% were aware of bat guano, but few had used guano-derived products. Positive perceptions were linked to the age group (P=0.002), indicating younger individuals were more receptive. Challenges to broader acceptance included cleanliness and safety concerns heightened by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Despite efforts to provide information and change perceptions, 78.64% remained undecided about using bat guano in their daily lives due to persistent misconceptions. Public awareness and education are crucial for promoting its benefits, necessitating collaboration among researchers, educators, and government entities
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF WILD CROCODILE (Crocodylus porosus) IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
No full textEstuarine crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) are widely distributed in Peninsular Malaysia. As a highly valuable species, they are highly exploited and traded in the international market for their skin, meat and other derivatives. To protect and regulate the sustainable
trade of the species, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) requires countries to conduct non-detrimental findings (NDF)
before any permit for trade can be issued. Sarawak separately have managed to downgrade the species to Appendix II from Appendix I based on a long-term survey and
data which allows for regulated trade. In Peninsular Malaysia however, no holistic population distribution survey was conducted to estimate their numbers in the wild.
Therefore, to permit legal and sustainable exploitation for international trade, the management authority, Department of Wildlife and National Parks (DWNP) officially started a crocodile NDF survey in 2016 to determine the distribution of the species. Using human-wildlife conflicts data and interviews as a baseline for survey locations, a spotlight
survey was used to record the presence of C. porosus and size estimation were done. In total, 28 tributaries were surveyed where 19 locations were identified as the habitat of C. porosus. Approximately 1,076.05 kilometres of travelling distance was surveyed with a mean occurrence of 0.454 individual per kilometres recorded. A total of 215 individuals were sighted and verified with the size estimation range of less than 1-metres to 5-metres. There is a need to conduct a bigger scale inventory and survey focusing on these tributaries to holistically map the crocodile habitat including its prey for wildlife
management plan