Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università dell'Insubria
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Key immune cells and their crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment of bladder cancer: insights for innovative therapies
Get PDFBladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease associated with high mortality if not diagnosed early. BC is classified into non-muscle-invasive BC (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive BC (MIBC), with MIBC linked to poor systemic therapy response and high recurrence rates. Current treatments include transurethral resection with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy for NMIBC and radical cystectomy with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy for MIBC. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in cancer progression, metastasis, and therapeutic efficacy. A comprehensive understanding of the TME's complex interactions holds substantial translational significance for developing innovative treatments. The TME can contribute to therapeutic resistance, particularly in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies, where resistance arises from tumor-intrinsic changes or extrinsic TME factors. Recent advancements in immunotherapy highlight the importance of translational research to address these challenges. Strategies to overcome resistance focus on remodeling the TME to transform immunologically "cold" tumors, which lack immune cell infiltration, into "hot" tumors that respond better to immunotherapy. These strategies involve disrupting cancer-microenvironment interactions, inhibiting angiogenesis, and modulating immune components to enhance anti-tumor responses. Key mechanisms include cytokine involvement [e.g., interleukin-6 (IL-6)], phenotypic alterations in macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells, and the plasticity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Identifying potential therapeutic targets within the TME can improve outcomes for MIBC patients. This review emphasizes the TME's complexity and its impact on guiding novel therapeutic approaches, offering hope for better survival in MIBC
The role of the hospitalist in Europe: results by EFIM multimorbidity working group survey
No full textCannabinoids in the treatment of overactive bladder. A pilot study.
No full textIntroduction/Purpose: The term overactive bladder (OAB) describes a set of symptoms that are common to various conditions rather than a single disease, as no clear cause is identified in most cases. These symptoms include a sudden, difficult-to-control urge to urinate, frequent urination—with or without nocturia—and involuntary urine loss (urge incontinence). Treatment depends on the underlying cause. When no underlying disease is diagnosed, symptomatic treatment is necessary. However, options are limited, and the available pharmaceuticals often have serious side effects that can make their use prohibitive for certain patients. Recently, cannabinoids have been used successfully to treat these symptoms in patients with neurogenic bladder. In this pilot study, cannabinoids were tested in otherwise healthy patients with OAB who could not use conventional treatments.
Material and Methods: Patients with overactive bladder symptoms who visited the outpatient clinic between 01/01/24 and 31/12/24 were examined to determine the cause of their suffering. Only patients with idiopathic overactive bladder were included in the study. Medical histories were reviewed, and cannabinoid treatment was offered to those for whom conventional treatment was contraindicated. Participants were divided into two groups: one receiving conventional treatment and the other receiving cannabinoid treatment. Before treatment, participants completed the OAB-8 questionnaire, both before and at the end of the study. The patients recorded any side effects experienced throughout the treatment. Total questionnaire scores were compared before and
after treatment.
Results: No significant differences were observed between groups 1 and 2 when comparing OAB-8 scores either
before treatment (p=0.15) or after (p=0.24). A comparison of pre- and post-treatment scores showed a statistically significant reduction in OAB-8 in group 2 (p=0.014) and a highly significant reduction in group 1 (p=0.00009).
No significant adverse events were reported. None of the participants discontinued treatment.
Conclusions: Cannabinoids seem effective and safe for treating patients with overactive bladder in whom conventional treatment is contraindicated
Sospensione del processo con messa alla prova o pena senza processo?
Get PDFCriptopena dai contorni incerti, procedimento speciale sui generis, la messa alla prova rappresenta un esempio emblematico di istituto che incarna la fuga dalla giurisdizione. Ma la sospensione del processo con messa alla prova riflette altresì alcuni dei motivi ispiratori tipici della attuale stagione postmoderna del processo penale: la disarticolazione delle categorie dogmatiche; l’ibridazione tra diritto sostanziale e diritto processuale; il crepuscolo della legalità; l’esaltazione del nuovo idolum theatri della efficienza processuale; la sensibilità al canto delle sirene del diritto europeo. Ne risulta un istituto dalla fisionomia ambigua che consiste, a ben vedere, in una esecuzione anticipata di pena nei confronti di un presunto innocente
Il mio orizzonte. Il valore dell'orientamento nelle dis-abilità cognitivo relazionali. Atti del Convegno (Varese, 23-25 ottobre 2024)
No full textSum-frequency-based photon-number-resolving detector for telecom wavelengths
Get PDFThe use of C-band wavelengths in the field of quantum communication has grown significantly, driving the need for versatile detection solutions, especially in the low intensity domain. Among the desirable features for such detectors, photon-number-resolving (PNR) capability is particularly valuable, since it can offer new possibilities for enhancing security of communication protocols. In this paper, we present the implementation of a receiver that combines low-cost PNR detectors with nonlinear optical interactions to achieve sensitivity at telecom wavelengths. In particular, we use this receiver to characterize the Poissonian nature of a femtosecond source at 1.5 mu m, produced via white light continuum generation followed by a single-stage amplification process. The obtained results encourage the exploitation of such a detector in more complex schemes
Risoluzione del Parlamento europeo dell’11 aprile 2024 sull’inclusione del diritto all’aborto nella Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione europea. Breve presentazione a cura di Alessandro Cupri
No full textBreve presentazione dei contenuti della Risoluzione del Parlamento europeo dell’11 aprile 2024 sull’inclusione del diritto all’aborto nella Carta dei diritti fondamentali dell’Unione europea
