University of Udine
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Efficiency and Effectiveness of LLM-Based Summarization of Evidence in Crowdsourced Fact-Checking
Get PDFAssessing the truthfulness of information is a critical task in fact-checking, and is typically performed using binary or coarse ordinal scales (2-6 levels), though fine-grained scales (e.g., 100 levels) have also been explored. Magnitude Estimation (ME) takes this approach further by allowing assessors to assign any value in the range (0, + ∞). However, it introduces challenges, including the need for aggregation of assessments from individuals with different interpretations of the scale. Despite these, its successful applications in other domains suggest its potential suitability for truthfulness assessment. We conduct a crowdsourcing study by collecting assessments on claims sourced from the PolitiFact fact-checking organization using ME. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic investigation of ME in the context of truthfulness assessment. Our results show that while aggregation methods significantly impact assessment quality, optimal aggregation strategies yield accuracy and reliability comparable to traditional scales. More importantly, ME allows capturing subtle differences in truthfulness, offering richer insights than conventional coarse-grained scales
Cobalt(II) complex formation with nitrate and chloride anions in the [C4mim][Tf2N] ionic liquid
Get PDFThis study investigates the coordination chemistry and thermodynamics of cobalt(II) complex formation with nitrate (NO3−) and chloride (Cl−) anions in the dry ionic liquid [C4mim][Tf2N]. Using UV–visible spectrophotometry, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we elucidate the stability, structure, and energetics of the formed complexes. Spectroscopic and computational results reveal that cobalt(II) maintains octahedral coordination with nitrate, forming stepwise 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 complexes, with a progressive displacement of [Tf2N]− anions. In contrast, chloride coordination induces a transition from octahedral (1:1) to a mixed tetrahedral/penta-coordinated (1:2) geometry, ultimately stabilizing tetrahedral 1:3 and 1:4 species. Thermodynamic analysis highlights the central role of solvation effects and ionic liquid restructuring in determining complex stability. These findings enhance the comprehension of cobalt coordination in Tf2N-based ionic liquids and constitute a contribution to the understanding of fundamental phenomena with implications for metal recovery
Using the Rasch Model to Understand Consumers’ Behaviour in Buying Kiwifruits
Get PDFThe market for specialised kiwifruit varieties, such as those with red pulp, remains a niche sector with considerable growth potential in several European countries, including Spain, Italy, Germany, and France. This study applies to the Rasch model to gain a comprehensive understanding of consumer behaviour, specifically pertaining to preferences, attitudes, and propensity towards purchasing both conventional and novel kiwifruit variants. A questionnaire was developed and administered to gather specific information on consumer behaviour. The collected data were analysed using a Rating Scale Rasch Model to construct a valid measure of attitude toward kiwifruit, which was subsequently used in regression models to explain purchase propensity. The findings indicate that marketing strategies should focus on enhancing attitudes towards kiwifruit by leveraging specific product attributes and addressing demographic nuances to effectively promote the consumption of yellow, red, and organic varieties
Diversity literacies: intersezionalità, intercultura, equità
No full textIl capitolo si propone di evidenziare la rilevanza del paradigma delle multiliteracies e del campo delle New Literacies nell’ambito della ricerca e dell’intervento nei contesti educativi ad alta complessità socioculturale e linguistica. A tal fine il capitolo muoverà da una iniziale presentazione di concetto come quelli di “complessità”, “intersezionalità”, “superdiversità” al fine di evidenziare la necessità di approcci non riduzionisti ai contesti educativi stessi, e proseguirà evidenziando l’intreccio emergente fra la complessità/pluralità socioculturale e linguistica dei contesti educativi e la molteplicità dei linguaggi oggi a disposizione degli apprendenti in contesti che appaiono sempre più inestricabilmente “interculturali” e “postdigitali”. Si passerà poi a sottolineare le implicazioni che questo quadro teorico può offrire rispetto a un tentativo di rilettura in senso plurale e postcoloniale della scuola e degli altri contesti educativi, sottolineando come i tentativi di costruire e promuovere ambienti e curricoli educativi più inclusivi, interculturali ed equi richiedano sempre un confronto anche con le pratiche sociali connesse alle nuove literacies
Carotid artery dissection and neurological complications after surgery for type 1 aortic dissection
Get PDFBackground Data on the prognostic impact of type A aortic dissection involving the common carotid arteries (CCAs) are scarce. Methods Data on the status of the CCAs were available in 1106 patients who underwent surgery for acute DeBakey type 1 aortic dissection who were recruited in a retrospective, multicentre European registry, that is, the ERTAAD. Postoperative neurological complications were defined as ischaemic stroke, haemorrhagic stroke and/or global brain ischaemia. Results Patients without carotid artery dissection, those with unilateral or bilateral CCA dissection had in-hospital mortality rates of 19.5%, 16.9% (OR 1.006, 95% CI 0.614 to 1.647) and 27.3% (p<0.001, OR 1.719, 95% CI 1.086 to 2.722), respectively. Bilateral, but not unilateral, dissection of the CCAs increased the risk of neurological complications (40.0% vs 18.9%, OR 2.453, 95% CI 1.683 to 3.576). The negative prognostic effect of bilateral dissection of the CCAs was increased among patients without cerebral malperfusion who underwent surgery with the use of hypothermic circulatory arrest (28.7% vs 4.3%, p=0.014). Conclusions Bilateral, but not unilateral, dissection of the CCAs may increase the risk of neurological complications and in-hospital mortality after surgery for DeBakey type 1 aortic dissection. Trial registration number NCT04831073
A Genre Analysis of a Non-Academic Genre: The Obituary
Get PDFThis paper presents a genre analysis of the contemporary obituary. Following a literary
review, a mixed methods approach is employed to analyse a sample of obituaries of the same
deceased person but from a variety of UK sources. The intention is to carry out a pilot project
to explore the possibilities of some analysis techniques for genre description. Bhatia‘s (1993)
seven steps for genre analysis are employed with special attention given to step 6, the
analysis of the texts for discourse patterns. For this step corpus tools are employed to identify
discourse patterns that characterise the sample texts and that could potentially indicate
markers for obituary genre characterisation. This method has been employed both to
investigate differences between the texts in the sample and also to identify common
characteristics among the sample texts that could potentially distinguish the obituary genre
from other genres. The texts are analysed for lexical density, readability, clause complexity,
phrase complexity, and syntactic sophistication, among other things. Then a qualitative
analysis is carried out to investigate the wider discourse aspects of the genre, also considering
multimodal aspects of the contemporary obituary genre. The findings contribute to the
knowledge of the discourse patterns of the obituary genre and could be replicated in further
research activity to increase the reliability and generalisability of the findings, as well as
furthering knowledge of discourse distinctions between different genres
Evapotranspiration Dynamics and Partitioning in a Grassed Vineyard: Ecophysiological and Computational Modeling Approaches
Get PDFPlenty of information on evapotranspiration (ET) dynamics and partitioning into nonbiological (evaporation, E) and biological (transpiration, T) components is available in literature. However, in agro-ecosystems where more than one vegetation group is found, like intercropping or grassed orchards and vineyards, it is of great use to understand the contribution to T due to the single plant type or group of plants. We deployed empirical and modeling methods to study the ecosystem evapotranspiration (ETEC) components in a grassed vineyard in Caldaro (Italy) aiming to assess (a) which process, E or T, had greater influence on ETEC dynamics; (b) which component among grapevines and understorey portion dominated the ETEC; and (c) how rainfall influences ETEC components. A top-down approach combined the eddy covariance method to estimate ETEC, and the Transpiration Estimation Algorithm method to partition it. A bottom-up approach integrated the understorey evapotranspiration (ETu) with modeled vines transpiration (Tv((mod))). Measured and modeled fluxes showed high daily variability, consistently with meteorological conditions (vapor pressure deficit, Rn and Tair). The mean daily ETEC integrals were 3.45 and 3.40 mm d(-1) (2021 and 2022), being T-EC (estimated transpiration fraction of ETEC) the higher contributor (T-EC/ETEC of 0.77 and 0.79, same years). From the bottom-up approach, ETu assessed during ground flux chamber campaigns (0.74-1.65 mm d(-1)) was lower than Tv((mod)). A high agreement (R-2 = 0.85) was found between the eddy covariance ET hourly values and ET by summing Tv((mod)) and ETu. We concluded that the T process represented major fluxes in the agroecosystem during the warm season. Furthermore, the bottom-up approach indicated the vines as primary contributors to ecosystem T, particularly noticeable after rainfall, as the understorey T fraction (Tu) increased when the system became drier. This study helps disentangling grapevine contribution to evapotranspiration from adjacent herbaceous vegetation in a vineyard, and emphasizes the dominance of biologically mediated transpiration influenced by meteorological conditions. This novel combination of approaches not only enhances understanding of Mediterranean viticulture but also illuminates broader applications in sparsely vegetated environments, such as agroforestry systems and orchards, advancing ecological management practices
Experience of Safety and Health Promotion in Dolomites Area
Get PDFThe mountain context represents a suitable setting for promoting health. In view of the Olympic Games, which are expected to take place in the Dolomites area in 2026, the outdoor Alpine environment must continue to meet all the health and safety requirements. Our recent experience, implemented in this area since summer 2024 through the Prevention Department of the Local Health Authority ULSS 1 Dolomiti, aims to encourage multi-sector preventive public health policies, in order to improve the “Shelters” (“rifugi”, in Italian) hygiene, to strengthen the safety requirements, and to implement preventive projects
