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[Comment] Psychology should move from selective allyship to empowered actions to tackle global crises
No full textPsychology is committed to the principle of nonmaleficence (i.e., do no harm). Yet the discipline’s past failures and its current selective allyship with only some crises paint a problematic picture. The authors argue that psychology as a discipline and psychological associations as its representatives should better uphold their ethical responsibility.</p
Introduction: Narratives of Belonging and Peace. Interrelations between Ontological-Epistemological Observations and Narrative Methodology
No full textThe emergence of multiple social, political, and economic crises in the twenty-first century and frustrations with liberal and Enlightenment promises, while looking at the same time for significance of their existence severely generates scholarly and everyday doubts about traditional frameworks of belonging, such as the nation, the state, democracy, or identity and associated concepts of territoriality, sovereignty, and the individual. Social sciences and the humanities have responded to these existentialist circumstances through several macro- and micro-theories that build on temporalized rather than essentializing ontologies to capture these social and political transformations. The contributors to this volume refer to these kinds of theories and discuss them looking at different empirical cases, using a plethora of methodological approaches from ethnography, to literature analysis, to policy document analysis, or discourse analysis. The individual chapters are thus guided by critiquing traditional and identifying anti-essentialist, however, inclusive narratives of belonging that help to turn being into becoming, time into temporality, history into historicity, development into genealogy, and space into liminality. Their critical engagement with identity and its replacement with notions of belonging leads, as a second common core of this collection, to considerations of the contribution of belonging as relational form of sociation to peaceful social and political relations.</p
Mismatch repair disturbs meiotic crossover control in <i>S. cerevisiae</i>
No full textCrossover formation during meiosis generates genetic diversity. In many species most crossovers display interference, meaning they are spaced more evenly than expected by chance, and are called class I crossovers. Class II crossovers, a minority pathway, are believed to lack substantial interference. Here, using whole-genome recombination maps, we examine the impact of mismatch repair (MMR) on the formation and distribution of crossovers in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Loss of the MMR protein Msh2 increases the uniformity of crossover distributions—an effect that is independent of changes in crossover frequency. Simulations indicate that this effect is driven by increases in the class I crossover proportion without any change in interference strength. Consistent with this view, distributions of Zip3 foci, specific markers of class I crossovers, are unchanged by MSH2 deletion. Notably, in wild-type cells, fewer crossovers arise in regions of higher polymorphism density—a skew that depends on both Msh2 and Zip3. Taken together, our results indicate a dual influence of Msh2 on recombination: suppression of class I crossovers in regions of higher polymorphism density, whilst unexpectedly promoting class II crossover formation. Our findings highlight how MMR shapes the landscape of genetic exchange, and links recombination to sequence divergence and its role in speciation.</p
Aims, values and the curriculum: report on the meeting held at the House of Commons on 19th November 2024
No full textNo description supplied</p
Building on models—a perspective for computational neuroscience
No full textNeural circuit models are essential for integrating observations of the nervous system into a consistent whole. Public sharing of well-documented codes for such models facilitates further development. Nevertheless, scientific practice in computational neuroscience suffers from replication problems and little re-use of circuit models. One exception is a data-driven model of early sensory cortex by Potjans and Diesmann that has advanced computational neuroscience as a building block for more complex models. As a widely accepted benchmark for correctness and performance, the model has driven the development of CPU-based, GPU-based, and neuromorphic simulators. On the 10th anniversary of the publication of this model, experts convened at the Käte Hamburger Kolleg Cultures of Research at RWTH Aachen University to reflect on the reasons for the model’s success, its effect on computational neuroscience and technology development, and the perspectives this offers for the future of computational neuroscience. This report summarizes the observations by the workshop participants.</p
The English countryside doesn't exist
No full textConservative myths about the English countryside have made it an exclusionary haven of right-wing ideology. Can we discern anything more meaningful, substantial, and in keeping with modern reality in England's long-stereotyped rural spaces?</p
Integrated terahertz transceiver front-end utilizing spatiotemporal modulation
No full textThe paper proposes a method for developing spatiotemporally modulated structures operating at THz frequencies. In this technique, electromagnetic waves propagating inside microwave waveguides modulate the chemical potential of a graphene sheet both temporally and spatially. The modulated graphene sheet interconnects these waveguides with a plasmonic waveguide carrying a THz wave. This approach has been used to create an integrated device that encapsulates all components of a THz transceiver front-end in a single unit. The device leverages the extraordinary features of spatiotemporally modulated structures, such as nonreciprocal response and frequency mixing, to integrate all functionalities of a THz transceiver front-end. We have implemented a leaky-wave antenna, mixer, and duplexer with beam steering capabilities, all within a spatiotemporal graphene-based structure. The performance of the device is investigated both analytically and numerically in transmit and receive modes. Additionally, the modulating waveguides have undergone both electromagnetic and thermal numerical simulations to ensure they can handle the power required for efficient modulation of graphene without overheating, which could hinder their performance.</p
Formation of isostructural solvate forms of apremilast from the view of nucleation behavior
No full textApremilast (APM) is an antipsoriasis drug with a unique structural feature of easily forming isostructural solvates. In this study, a new APM isostructural solvate was prepared, known as Form E. In Form E, the solvated acetonitrile molecules with APM molecules form a sandwich structure in a 1:1 ratio, which is different from the stoichiometric amount of isostructural solvates containing aromatic solvents. Form E also has different thermal properties and structural features from the thermodynamically stable Form B. The induction time and nucleation parameters of Forms B and E were further determined, indicating that the solvent is selective for the nucleation of specific APM forms. Finally, the APM trajectories and nucleation behavior of Forms B and E were simulated by molecular dynamic simulations, confirming that the solvent effect can promote the selective nucleation of Form E by reducing the energy required for dimer formation in acetonitrile.</p
On the universality of the halo mass function beyond ACDM cosmology
No full textTheoretical frameworks based on Press–Schechter formalism and excursion set arguments suggest that the abundance of dark matter haloes exhibits universal behaviour when expressed in terms of peak height. If true, this implies that a single high-accuracy cosmological simulation could serve as a basis for constructing an emulator applicable to any other cosmology of interest. This tantalising possibility has inspired numerous studies over the years. However, in practice, different ways of defining haloes have led to mixed results concerning this issue. In this work, we utilize a suite of high-resolution cosmological N-body simulations, to revisit this question for friends-of-friends haloes under the flat time-evolving w cold dark matter (wCDM) model, with simple modifications of the primordial physics via variations in the scalar spectral index and its running. We construct a reference locus of νf(ν) from our fiducial A cold dark matter (ACDM) simulation and compare it against measurements from alternative models. We find that deviations from the locus remain within 5 per cent when varying each of the parameters within the ranges: w0 = −1.0 ± 0.1, wa = 0 ± 0.2, ΩDE = 0.693 ± 0.050, ωc = 0.119 ± 0.006, ωb = 0.0222 ± 0.0011, As = (2.15 ± 0.22) × 10−9, ns = 0.961 ± 0.048, αs = 0 ± 0.01, for redshift z < 7.</p