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Meta-emulation: an application to the social cost of carbon
No full textA large database of published model results is used to estimate the distribution of the social cost of carbon as a function of the underlying assumptions. The literature on the social cost of carbon deviates in its assumptions from the literatures on the impacts of climate change, discounting, and risk aversion. The proposed meta-emulator corrects this. The social cost of carbon is higher than reported in the literature, by 139/tC at the 95th percentile.</p
Barriers to International Marketing
No full textGiven more than five decades of research on barriers to international marketing, evolving through shifting global dynamics, this chapter aims to enhance understanding of these barriers by presenting a framework that classifies barriers according to their internal and external sources and at strategic and operational levels. A set of managerial interventions are then characterized that each serve to mitigate or overcome international marketing barrier types emphasizing proactive or reactive strategies that can be employed. Finally, this chapter draws key implications for scholars and practitioners by offering a holistic approach, focusing not only on existing barriers, particularly those endogenous in nature, but also elaborating on emerging challenges that are exogenous and multifaceted, driven by systemic forces such as digitalization, sustainability imperatives, and geopolitical instability.</p
Mujeres y finanzas en la España del siglo XIX: prestamistas y especuladoras en las novelas de Benito Pérez Galdós
No full textLa tendencia a asignar un papel económicamente pasivo a la mujer del XIX ha sido cuestionada en recientes estudios que demuestran que, pese a restricciones legales, las mujeres participaron en una variedad de actividades económicas. Numerosos análisis de la obra de Galdós se centran en la figura de la mujer desenfrenadamente consumista tan frecuente en su narrativa. En este artículo, sin embargo, analizaré varios personajes femeninos que participan activamente en las turbias finanzas de la sociedad representada por Galdós. De esta forma, espero contribuir al estudio de la participación de la mujer española de clase media en el mundo financiero del siglo XIX y demostrar que su vida económica no siempre se atuvo a la imagen literaria de la consumidora pasiva. Recent scholarship has begun to challenge the tendency to assign a passive economic role to nineteenth-century women. It is now recognised that, despite legal constraints, they engaged in a variety of economic activities. Among scholars of Galdós's work, the character of the unproductive female spendthrift, so common in his narrative, has received due attention. In this article, however, I will analyse several female characters who participate actively in the dubious finances of the society depicted by Galdós. I hope to contribute in this way to the study of the participation of middle-class women in the financial world of nineteenth-century Spain, and to show that their economic life did not always conform to the literary trope of the passive female consumer.</p
Occupational segregation and the gender wage gap across the unconditional wage distribution: findings from Serbia in a period of Covid-19 uncertainty
No full textThis paper examines the impact of one-digit occupational segregation on the gender pay gap in Serbia across different quantiles of the unconditional wage distribution covering a recent period of the Covid-19 pandemic. Using LFS data for 2019 and 2022, the study investigates the occupational gender pay gap using the Brown, Moon, and Zoloth (1980) approach modified to incorporate a more accurate occupational distribution by gender at specific wage quantiles. Our results reveal that most of the gender pay gap along the unconditional wage distribution is driven by the unequal treatment of women within occupations, particularly in higher-paid jobs. Gender segregation as measured at the one-digit-level, on average, exerts little impact on the pay gap. However, occupational segregation has a detrimental effect on women in jobs at the lower end of the pay distribution, while favouring women in jobs at the higher end of the pay distribution. Overall, occupational segregation remains stable across the observed period implying that the Covid-19 pandemic exerted no lasting adverse impact on the Serbian occupational wage structure for both gender groups across the unconditional wage quantiles.</p
The Hybrid Genre of Tragedia de la destruyción de Constantinopla (1587) by Gabriel Lobo Lasso de la Vega
No full textNo description supplied</p
The contradictions of refugee inclusion policy in education: teacher and student agency in Afghan refugee schools during language policy and curriculum transition in Pakistan
No full textThis study interrogates the contradictions of global refugee education policy by analysing how Afghan refugees in Pakistan, a population enduring protracted displacement yet persistently understudied, navigate the mandated shift from Pashto to Urdu/English instruction. This transition, emblematic of UNHCR’s push to integrate displaced communities into national systems, reveals critical gaps in both policy and research. Combining teacher interviews (n = 10) and arts-based methods with students (n = 40), the study advances Priestley and colleagues’ agency framework to displacement contexts, revealing how policies framed as fostering refugee inclusion in education can, in practice, erode agency. Findings demonstrate three constrained dimensions of agency: iterational (systematic marginalisation of funds of knowledge), projective (dual precarity from residency insecurity and credential devaluation), and practical-evaluative (teachers’ strategic use of Pashto as pedagogical resistance). While Pakistan’s policy appears inclusive at a discursive level, its implementation—marked by tokenistic training, chronic resource gaps, and epistemic injustice—limits genuine refugee participation. The de facto reliance on Pashto in classrooms underscores both resistance and policy failure, exposing how top-down integration neglects the political economy of displacement and how narrow forms of inclusion risk reproducing marginalisation. The study challenges the global education community’s technocratic assumptions, arguing that integration into national systems, when pursued without legal protections, material investment, and the participation of refugee communities in policymaking, risks exacerbating inequality under the guise of inclusion. By centring Afghan refugees’ experiences, the findings illuminate tensions in protracted displacement, where universalist policies clash with local realities, offering critical insights for rethinking refugee education globally.</p
Idiosyncratic political risk and bad news hoarding
No full textManagers may respond to greater political risk by suppressing unfavorable news from outsiders to manage investors’ perceptions about firm risk and protect their career. However, they may also avoid engaging in bad news hoarding activities because exposure to political risk increases firm visibility and attracts greater scrutiny. Using a novel measure of firm-specific risk, we document that idiosyncratic variation in political risk motivates firms to hide bad news from investors which manifests in greater stock price crash risk. Exploiting the redrawing of electoral districts as a source of plausibly exogenous variation in firm-level political risk, we show that our documented relationships are causal. Additional tests indicate that stringent monitoring constrains the opportunistic behavior induced by the exposure to political risk, while firms actively pursuing political or ESG strategies are less prone to crashes. Finally, we uncover that the path from firm level political risk to crash risk is mediated by real earnings management and corporate disclosure readability.</p
Understanding virtual customer experience: a systematic analysis of immersive technology applications
No full textPurpose Drawing on perspectives from Human-Computer Interaction and interactive marketing, this study examines how immersive technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR) shape virtual customer experiences (VCEs) as standalone digital offerings. It explores how these technologies deliver intrinsic experiential value across emotional, cognitive, and social dimensions, rather than merely supporting purchase decisions.Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was conducted using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, analyzing 78 peer-reviewed articles published in journals listed on the Australian Business Deans Council Quality List. The search included specific and broader terms (e.g. “virtual customer experience,” “immersive technology,” “consumer experience”) to capture interdisciplinary perspectives.Findings The review identifies immersive environments – such as virtual brand worlds, AR-based entertainment, and gamified VR scenarios – as sources of intrinsic consumer value, fostering sustained engagement, brand attachment, and satisfaction independently from traditional product sales. However, ethical and psychological concerns, including technostress, privacy, and cognitive fatigue, also emerged as significant factors shaping consumer interactions. These insights are structured into a conceptual framework outlining three stages of the VCE journey: pre-decision, phygital interaction, and post-intention engagement.Originality/value This review synthesizes previously fragmented insights, providing a holistic view encompassing both enjoyment-driven and practical aspects of immersive interactions, while emphasizing the importance of inclusive and ethically responsible design.</p
The impact of kidney function on arterial stiffness in COVID-19 survivors: an analysis from the CARTESIAN Study
No full textNo description supplied</p
African American Chautauqua: the cultural politics of the Black aspiring class 1880 – 1910
No full textThe Chautauqua was the most influential popular adult education movement in the Progressive-Era United States. Between the 1870s and 1920s, it provided millions of Americans with access to a liberal arts curriculum, an entryway into contemporary thought, and the basis for community via remote study and annual educational-leisure assemblies. This thesis argues that it also played a key overlooked role in the development of African American cultural politics, and the emergent Black middle class.Existing scholarship on popular support for the Black freedom struggle during the late nineteenth century focuses on the positions adopted by the Black middle class. Namely, did they support radical reform or conservative accommodation? This thesis proposes that a more salient line of enquiry is: how and where did this small, regionally dispersed, but influential cohort decide what stances and directions to take in the face of Jim Crow?This thesis asserts that the Black “aspiring class” engaged in collective identity formation and meaning making in parallel discursive arenas to their white middle-class counterparts: the summer assemblies, literary clubs, extension programmes and associations that comprised the ‘great popular education movement’. I use the term “aspiring class” to connote a status based on indirect cultural politics, rather than political representation or profession.Drawing on a diverse archive of African American newspapers, speeches, assembly programmes, memoirs, and articles, this thesis recovers and analyses Black engagement with the “Chautauqua Idea” as philosophical schools of thought from the abandonment of Reconstruction to the foundation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People in 1909. The co-founder of the Chautauqua movement, John Heyl Vincent (1832 – 1920), wrote that the Chautauqua Idea was to transform ‘everyday life’ into a college that ‘trains men and women everywhere… to read, think, talk and do, with a purpose’. Via this idea, the Black aspiring class in the North, South and Midwest cohered the cultural politics of the Black freedom struggle and critiqued white progressivism.This project simultaneously recovers the Chautauqua Idea - now largely forgotten or else remembered as a quaint past time of Victorian do-gooders - as a model through which Black communities could collectively determine their role in society and the nation.</p