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An educational evaluation of medical students’ attitudes towards intellectual disability
No full textBackground There are 1.5 million people with intellectual disability living in the United Kingdom. It is recognised that people with intellectual disability are a marginalised group whose health experiences and outcomes are lower than those without intellectual disabilities. A contributing factor is a lack of knowledge and skills in the medical workforce.Approach One medical school in England sought to address this challenge by developing an Intellectual Disability Training session for fourth-year medical students. Evaluation We sought to assess the impact of the new Intellectual Disability Training session on student attitudes towards people with intellectual disability and student satisfaction with the session. All students were invited to take part in this evaluation prior to completion of the mandatory Intellectual Disability Training. Students were asked to a complete a pre-post attitude questionnaire and a satisfaction survey. 180 students participated in the evaluation out of a cohort of 210 students. Paired outcome data was collected for 113 students. A significant increase in attitude scores was found in four of the five factors (discomfort, emotional, knowledge of capacity/rights and behaviour). Feedback from the session has identified positive aspects, as well as areas for development. Implications This evaluation has identified that an Intellectual Disability Training session can positively impact student attitudes towards people with intellectual disabilities. Such programmes could be implemented more widely at undergraduate level to enhance the future care delivery to this marginalised group of people.</p
EvDownsampling: a robust method for downsampling event camera data
No full textEvent cameras are bio-inspired vision sensors that are well-suited for use on autonomous systems. Compared to conventional cameras, event cameras provide a higher dynamic range and temporal resolution as well as lower bandwidth and power requirements. Furthermore, when the events from such cameras are processed by spiking neural networks (SNNs) running on neuromorphic chips, very energy-efficient systems can be implemented. However, the spatial resolutions offered by modern event-based cameras is much higher than most neuromorphic hardware can process and thus, it is often necessary to downsample the event stream. While downsampling is regularly used in standard computer vision, event-based downsampling algorithms are lacking. This hampers the development of event-based computer vision systems. Here, we present a bio-inspired spatio-temporal downsampling technique that can downsample event streams by factors of up to 16 times. To evaluate our downsampling method, we compare downsampled event streams from a high-resolution event camera to those produced natively by a low-resolution event camera. Finally, we show that compared to other event-based downsampling techniques, we can achieve improved accuracy with considerably lower numbers of spikes when classifying highly downsampled versions of the DVSGesture dataset. The code is available at: https://github.com/anindyaghosh/EvDownsampling and the event streams can be downloaded from: https://doi.org/10.25377/sussex.26528146.</p
Impact of green bonds on traditional equity markets
No full textThis study examines the broader U.S. green bond market, with focus on its association with the U.S traditional equity market from 2016–2021. For this purpose, we use the S&P Green Bond Index, the S&P U.S. Aggregate Bond Index, and the S&P 500 to build the connection between the markets based on both univariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) and multivariate vector autoregression (VAR) models. Our empirical results show that the patterns of returns and the volatility behavior of green bonds included significant changes over the years of study. The findings highlight the importance of the emergence and evolution of the promising green bonds market, thus providing useful policy implications for portfolio and risk management as well as asset pricing. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the impact of green bonds on equity markets.</p
Response to Justice Select Committee Inquiry: Access to Justice, September 2025
No full textNo description supplied</p
British business cycles, 1270–1870
No full textAnnual estimates of GDP constructed from the output side are used to analyse British business cycles between 1270 and 1870. After c.1670, the scale of recessions tended to diminish as the economy grew, diversified and became more resilient. Until c.1730, business cycles were driven largely by agricultural fluctuations, but shocks to industry and commerce became more important over time as the structure of the economy changed. A number of severe recessions can be identified, associated with harvest failures, disease outbreaks, wars and disruptions to commerce. Monetary and financial factors also played a role in some of these severe recessions.</p
Robust statistical methods and the credibility movement of psychological science
No full textThe general linear model (GLM) is the most frequently applied family of statistical models in psychology. Within the GLM, the effects under study are estimated using the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation. In certain situations, OLS produces parameter estimates that are unbiased and optimal (with least possible error) and hypothesis tests that retain the expected rate of false positives (Type I errors). This happens when (1) outliers and influential cases are absent, and (2) assumptions of linearity and additivity, spherical errors, and normal errors are met. This paper first provides a technical description of OLS and an overview of its statistical assumptions. We then discuss the methods commonly employed to detect and address violations of assumptions, and how the current application of these methods can compromise the reproducibility of findings by allowing too many data-driven decisions to be made as part of the data analytic pipeline. We briefly introduce several robust estimation methods - namely bootstrapping, heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors, M-estimators, and trimming - that can improve the accuracy of parameter estimates and the power of statistical tests. We provide guidance on how these methods can be used to transparently preregister a sensitivity analysis, reducing the opportunity for problematic researcher degrees of freedom to enter the analytic pipeline.</p
Confronting the world’s 21st century colonial genocide
No full textCommonplace analyses of Israel’s genocide against Gaza have attributed responsibility in concentric circles. Starting with the innermost circle of Israeli politicians and armed forces, bigger circles have included Israel’s settler-colonial political culture, the USA’s massive military aid, Western imperialism and more broadly global racial capitalism. Extending the latter analyses, this essay situates Israel’s ongoing genocide in the wider, deeper world of colonial modernity. This concept understands colonial relations as central to the making of the modern world, not just in the past but also in the present. Thus it subverts the hegemonic Eurocentric frame in which modernity today has overcome colonialism.We propose a ‘topological’ perspective on colonial modernity’s deeply constitutive relations, highlighting how these remain largely the same, even as they enact violent socio-materiality in many new and horrific forms. Beyond the immediate cessation of Israel’s genocidal violence and the centrality of Palestinian anticolonial resistance, our analysis makes a case for directly confronting and transforming modernity’s colonial topologies around the world. Topological transformations require worldwide mobilisations not only for dismantling the web of relations constituting colonial modernity, but also for the flourishing of decolonial relations that make many worlds grounded in reparative justice and demilitarisation across Palestine and elsewhere.</p
Assessment and treatment of frail patients living with multiple myeloma. A guideline on behalf of the UK Myeloma Research Alliance Frailty Group
No full textThere have been considerable therapeutic advances within the last decade in the field of multiple myeloma (MM) which have translated into superior outcomes for the majority of patients living with this condition. Concurrently, there has been increasing focus on frailty in MM, appreciating the importance of balancing overall survival with healthy life years through minimising treatment-related toxicities and maintaining quality of life. This guideline explores how to best identify and assess frailer patients living with MM. We outline the current therapeutic landscape in this patient population in addition to exploring emerging areas of interest in the field of frailty.</p
Evictability—a relational comparison: fears, manoeuvres and regimes of housing insecurity in rapidly urbanising cities
No full textThis article develops the concept of ‘evictability’—the potential of eviction—as a lens for relational comparison and global dialogue. The discussion is grounded in the fears and manoeuvres of marginalised urban dwellers, who live in ‘informal’ and ‘underserved’ spaces of rapidly urbanising cities, where substantive citizenship is compromised by systemic housing insecurity. It is important to focus on the threat of eviction rather than the act itself to draw attention to how fear ramifies through space and time, working as a mechanism of power that infuses insecure residents' everyday lives beyond simply those evicted, with far‐reaching material and political consequences. ‘Evictability’ has advantages over ‘displaceability’, we argue, because fears of coerced loss of home are not always centrally about a ruptured relationship with place or the desire not to move. The article is grounded in eight years of research in three medium‐sized rapidly urbanising capital cities in countries with histories of conflict and contrasting regimes of urban governance—Colombo (Sri Lanka), Harare (Zimbabwe) and Hargeisa (Somaliland). Each city regime combines the production of systemic housing insecurity with opportunities for some through resettlement or support for incremental building and in situ regularisation. A relational comparison of evictability offers a lens focussed on understanding residents' fears and manoeuvres vis‐à‐vis housing that recognises the political potency of this lived threat. It can take forward scholarship on global evictions, because it encourages discussion of agency, does not presume all residents share deep connections to place or treat all forms of mobility as coerced and undesirable.</p
[Book Review] Sensuous knowledge: a black feminist approach for everyone
No full textby Minna Salami, London, Zed Books, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2023, 1–190 pp., £9.99</p