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Italian migration and its demographic and socio-economic aspects. Three case studies.
No full textThis doctoral thesis describes three ways in which migration is redrawing the map of Italy: where we go, where we stay, and what skills we bring with us. The first study focuses on the long-term impact of the Brexit referendum, looking not at the United Kingdom but at Italy as a starting point. My goal is to show that the uncertainty created by the 2016 vote has prompted many to change course, diverting departures to other European countries, with different effects for citizens and levels of education: not everyone reacts in the same way when the rules of the game change. In the second study, the lens zooms in on the territory: municipality by municipality, I attempt to highlight how internal mobility concentrates working-age people in metropolitan areas and leaves more peripheral areas to age more quickly, while immigration from abroad mitigates and reverses this trend, at least in part.. Finally, I propose measuring the “brain drain” not only by counting those who leave, but also those who return, those who move within the country, and those who arrive from abroad. This reveals an Italy that, overall, is not losing skills, but is seeing territorial gaps grow, with the North absorbing graduates from the South and with the fundamental contribution of young foreign immigrants. In all three studies, migration appears for what it is: a social mechanism that reallocates people and opportunities, and a public policy lever to be handled with territorial precision
History of the Sacred and the Sacred in History. Religious Landscapes of the Aniene Valley
No full textIntroduction to the thematic research line 3 of the project:
CHANGES Cultural Heritage Active Innovation for Sustainable Society
Project Code: PE0000020 – CUP: B53C22003780006
Funded by the European Union, Next Generation EU – Mission 4, Component 2,
Investment 1.3
Fondazione Changes, based at Sapienza University of Rome, President: Prof. Marco Mancini
Spoke 1. Historical landscapes, traditions and cultural identities
Spoke leader University of Bari Aldo Moro, Scientific Coordinator: Prof. Giuliano Volpe
WorkPackage 5 Itineraries of the Sacred along the Aniene, Sapienza University of Rome
PI: Prof. Orazio Carpenzano (DiAP)
Co-PIs: Prof. Alessandra Capuano, (DiAP), Prof. Daniela Esposito (DSDRA),
Prof. Paola Buzi (SARAS), Prof. Andrea Cucchiarelli (SA
Prolusione
No full textProlusione accademica su invito al Convegno Il Tirreno nel Medioevo. Mobilità sociale, traiettorie politiche e interscambi cultural
Renal Revascularization With X-Crossing Technique During Complex Aortic Aneurysm Repair Using Branched Endograft
No full textPurpose: To delineate the strategic approach of the renal branches x-crossing technique in enhancing endovascular treatment of thoracoabdominal (TAAA) and pararenal aortic aneurysms (PAA) using off-the-shelf T-Branch endograft. Technique: A 72-year-old woman treated with urgent branched endovascular aneurysm repair (BEVAR) because of symptomatic type II thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA). The patient presented complex iliac and renal anatomy, with both renal arteries (RAAs) in upward takeoff, making cannulation from the respective renal branches impossible. In this case, the renal branches x-crossing technique was adopted to address that challenge, and after the deployment of the T-Branch, the cannulation of each renal artery (RA) became from the opposite renal branch, using an axillary access. To get better accommodation in RAAs, we used a self-expandable stent graft on both sides. This technique integrates procedural maneuvers and graft accommodations to ensure effective cannulation, especially in hostile renal artery configurations. Conclusion: The renal branches’ x-crossing technique using a T-Branch endograft seems to be feasible and allows better cannulation of hostile RAAs. Clinical Impact: To outline the strategic approach of the renal branches x-crossing technique, improving the complex endovascular treatment in hostile aortic morphology using an off-the-shelf T-Branch endograft
A comparative study of the Mahāvaidehaghr̥ta in Sanskrit, Khotanese, and Tocharian B
No full textThe so-called Jīvakapustaka is a collection of 93 Āyurvedic prescriptions preserved in the incomplete tenth-century Dunhuang manuscript Ch. ii.003 of the British Library (shelf marks IOL Khot 87–110). The manuscript features sections in corrupt Sanskrit verse alongside their Late Khotanese prose renditions and is written in a distinctive form of the Khotanese documentary Brāhmī script. Its interpretation poses multiple challenges, primarily due to the peculiar script type, the complexities in deciphering the Sanskrit text, and the bewildering spelling variants used for writing Late Khotanese. This article aims to provide a new edition, translation, and commentary of the medicated ghee known as Mahāvaidehaghr̥ta (JP 11), which is unique in having a Tocharian B parallel. It also introduces a method for reconstructing the Sanskrit text by combining metrical analysis, comparison with the expanded Khotanese version, and attention to the scribe’s spelling practices. The article argues that the corrupt form of the Sanskrit reflects the intervention of a Late Khotanese scribe, who adapted Sanskrit to fit the phonological and graphic norms of his own language
Sant'Antonio Abate
No full textIl contributo indaga i rapporti contestuali e gli specifici caratteri insediativi, architettonico-compositivi della chiesa di Sant'antonio Abate a Vicovaro (RM
From capacity to stability: exploring the mechanisms that shape memory
No full textLa memoria può essere testata in due modi principali: aumentando la quantità di informazioni da ricordare oppure prolungando l’intervallo di ritenzione. Attraverso il test degli Oggetti Diversi/Identici (DOT/IOT) è stato dimostrato che topi CD1, maschi e femmine, possiedono una capacità di memoria a breve termine fino a sei oggetti distinti; il superamento di questa soglia determina uno stato di sovraccarico mnemonico. In tali condizioni, il cervello sembra attivare vie neurali alternative, indicando il coinvolgimento di meccanismi differenti in base al carico di memoria. Per comprendere i processi che consentono l’ampliamento di questa capacità, abbiamo analizzato le reti cortico-striatali, fortemente modulate dalla segnalazione dopaminergica. Tale approccio ha permesso di valutare il potenziamento farmacologico della memoria e di individuare i circuiti funzionali coinvolti nel suo sostegno. Successivamente, per esplorare come le tracce mnemoniche vengano stabilizzate nel tempo, abbiamo utilizzato le differenze tra i sessi come modello di consolidamento in condizioni di elevato carico cognitivo. L’analisi dei fattori fisiologici legati ai processi dipendenti dal sonno, ha evidenziato come la sua architettura contribuisca a un consolidamento più efficace delle informazioni acquisite. Nel complesso, questo lavoro esplora la memoria dal suo ampliamento a breve termine fino al consolidamento a lungo termine, mettendo in risalto i meccanismi circuitali modulati dal carico e dal sesso. La comprensione di tali dinamiche fornisce nuove prospettive sulla flessibilità cognitiva e può orientare strategie mirate al trattamento dei deficit di memoria associati a disturbi neurologici.Memory can be challenged in two main ways: by increasing the amount of information to be retained or by extending the retention interval. Using the Different/Identical Object Test (DOT/IOT), it has been shown that male and female CD1 mice can retain up to six distinct objects in short-term memory, and that exceeding this limit leads to a state of memory overload. Under such demanding conditions, the brain appears to engage alternative neural pathways, suggesting that distinct mechanisms are recruited depending on memory load. To investigate the mechanisms underlying the expansion of memory span, we focused on cortico-striatal networks, critically modulated by dopaminergic signaling. This approach allowed us to examine how memory capacity can be pharmacologically enhanced and to highlight the role of specific circuits in supporting it. To further explore how this memory is stabilized over time, we used sex differences in high memory load consolidation as a model. We investigated the physiological factors involved in sleep-dependent processes, emphasizing how sleep architecture can support effective consolidation in conditions of high memory load. Overall, this work examines memory from short-term expansion to long-term consolidation, highlighting load- and sex-dependent circuit mechanisms. Understanding these processes provides insights into cognitive flexibility and may inform strategies for addressing memory impairments in neurological disorder
Renewable Energy Communities as Socio-Technical Systems: Integrating Policy, Technology, and Collective Behaviour in the Energy Transition
No full textRenewable Energy Communities (RECs) have emerged as one of the most promising instruments for achieving the European Union’s decarbonization objectives and for promoting a fair, inclusive, and locally grounded energy transition. Their establishment within the framework of the Clean Energy Package has introduced a new paradigm in which citizens, local authorities, and small enterprises are empowered to collectively produce, consume, and manage renewable energy. However, the implementation of RECs across Europe remains uneven, constrained by heterogeneous national transpositions, fragmented incentive schemes, and significant socio-technical challenges. This thesis addresses these gaps by investigating how policy, technological, and social dimensions interact to shape the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of RECs, with a particular focus on the Italian context as a European front runner in community energy deployment. The research pursues a central question: How can Renewable Energy Communities evolve from mere collective self-consumption schemes into transformative instruments that align technical performance, economic fairness, and social empowerment? To answer this overarching question, three complementary research questions were formulated: (1) how do national and European policy frameworks influence the development of RECs and their capacity to deliver equitable incentives? (2) what are the main technical and operational configurations that can enhance self-consumption and shared energy performance at community level? and (3) how do behavioural, social, and organizational factors contribute to the success and resilience of community-based energy systems? To address these questions, the thesis adopts an interdisciplinary and multi-scalar methodological approach. The policy dimension is examined through a comparative review of European and national frameworks, with a specific focus on the Italian legislative evolution from experimental to definitive incentive schemes. The technical dimension is analyzed through the case study of the Renewable Energy Community of Ventotene island, using real high-resolution consumption data and simulation tools such as pyRES to model photovoltaic sizing, sector coupling, and the integration of deferrable loads, notably the island’s desalination system. The behavioural and governance dimension is investigated using a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model that simulates demand-side flexibility scenarios and evaluates how different levels of member engagement and investment access influence the economic and energetic performance of the community. Finally, the social dimension is explored through the assessment of community services and engagement mechanisms within Italian RECs, based on field interviews, empirical observations, and the construction of multidimensional indicators (economic, social, and environmental). The results of the technical and modelling analyses demonstrate that sector coupling— specifically the integration of renewable generation with desalination—significantly improves self-consumption rates and grid stability in isolated systems. The findings confirm that flexible loads can act as a functional substitute for energy storage, providing a costeffective means to absorb production surpluses and reduce reliance on fossil-fuel3 generators. Moreover, optimization scenarios on the Ventotene REC show that demand-side flexibility, when combined with equitable internal agreements, substantially enhances shared energy and collective revenues. However, excessive emphasis on individual optimization may lower the overall benefits for the community, underscoring the importance of balanced governance and redistribution mechanisms. The social analysis reveals that RECs can generate value that extends well beyond the energy domain. By reinvesting shared incentives into community-oriented services—such as training programs, maintenance schemes, or support for vulnerable households—RECs can foster inclusion, trust, and long-term engagement. The multidimensional indicator framework developed in this study illustrates that even small-scale RECs, when guided by participatory governance and transparent management, can achieve high social and environmental returns. This aligns with the observation that smaller communities tend to exhibit stronger territorial embeddedness, higher levels of cooperation, and greater capacity for energy education compared to large-scale, top-down configurations. The Italian case was chosen not only for its pioneering legislative framework but also for the availability of empirical data that enables a detailed techno-economic and social analysis. The European comparison, addressed in the policy chapter, contextualizes the Italian experience within the broader continental framework, revealing both its strengths— such as the clarity of incentive mechanisms—and its limitations, including administrative complexity and regional disparities. Together, these insights contribute to a comprehensive understanding of how national choices influence the scalability and social legitimacy of RECs across Europe. From a scientific perspective, the thesis advances an integrated conceptualization of Renewable Energy Communities as socio-technical ecosystems that operate at the intersection of policy, technology, and social innovation. The interdisciplinary methodology provides a replicable framework for future analyses, capable of linking quantitative modeling with qualitative evaluation. From a practical perspective, the findings offer guidance for multiple stakeholders: policymakers are encouraged to design equitable and flexible incentive structures; REC designers are advised to prioritize sector coupling and demand-side management strategies; and communities are urged to adopt participatory governance models that foster awareness, empowerment, and inclusion. In conclusion, the thesis demonstrates that the long-term sustainability of Renewable Energy Communities relies on their capacity to simultaneously achieve technical optimization, economic fairness, and social cohesion. By integrating these dimensions, RECs can become not only efficient energy systems but also laboratories for social innovation and democratic participation in the energy transition. Future research should expand on these results by including additional energy vectors such as thermal energy, diversifying the renewable mix with sources like wind and biomass, and conducting comparative analyses on behavioral and demand-side dynamics across different European contexts. Such advancements will be essential to fully harness the transformative potential of communitybased energy systems in achieving a just, resilient, and decentralized energy future for Europe
