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Innovazioni digitali, valutazione dell’adempimento e limiti al potere di controllo del datore di lavoro
No full textThe digitalization of production processes and the spread of Industry 4.0 technologies—particularly algorithms and artificial intelligence—have profoundly transformed the structure and dynamics of the employment relationship. This Phd thesis examines the implications of this transformation on managerial powers, performance evaluation, and the protection of workers’ rights.
The “dematerialization” of the employer’s figure requires a reconsideration of the traditional boundaries between control and evaluation, challenging the distinction between obligations of means and obligations of result. Digital tools for profiling, ranking, and continuous monitoring introduce new ways of measuring performance, raising concerns about the fairness and transparency of the applied criteria.
This study analyzes the normative and case-law evolution of Article 4 of the Workers’ Statute, which serves as a cornerstone for balancing organizational needs and the protection of personal dignity, as well as its interaction with privacy law and the European Artificial Intelligence Regulation.
Particular attention is given to the risks of algorithmic discrimination, data protection, and occupational health and safety, interpreted as limits to managerial and contractual autonomy.
Finally, the work highlights the crucial role of collective bargaining not only in regulating new forms of control and performance evaluation, but also denouncing a trend towards its marginalization within supranational frameworks.
From a de iure condendo perspective, this research advocates for a strengthened dialogue between legislation, collective bargaining, and certification practices, with the aim of ensuring an effective balance between technological innovation and the protection of workers’ fundamental rights
A shift beyond compliance: the role of sustainability strategic plans in the European context
No full textThis research aims to examine the role of adopting sustainability plans in enhancing performance and reducing decoupling between reported information and actual outcomes. It investigates whether publishing sustainability plans can help companies align their actions with their sustainability goals. A quantitative methodology was employed, using panel regression analysis. The sample consisted of 990 European companies subject to the Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) from 2018 to 2022. We applied legitimacy and signaling theory as theoretical frameworks to interpret our findings. The adoption of a sustainability plan is shown to improve performance in the following years, especially in environmental practices, while also reducing the risk of decoupling. By disclosing their sustainability plans, companies demonstrate a commitment to integrating ESG factors into their operations, thereby aligning with stakeholder expectations. This paper presents some implications. Theoretically, it contributes to the sustainability planning and CSR decoupling literature by demonstrating how voluntary practices beyond regulatory requirements can improve transparency and signal commitment to stakeholders. In practice, it provides firms with insights into how to use sustainability plans to guide actions toward sustainable development goals. For regulators, the findings suggest that greater disclosure of sustainability strategies can enhance transparency and drive performance improvements. This paper provides original contributions by investigating the effects of sustainability planning on performance and decoupling within the context of European companies. It offers insights for academics, decision-makers, and regulators aiming to improve the alignment between sustainability goals and actual practices
Upcycling Architecture in Italy since 1945
No full textWould it be possible to re-examine Italian architecture from 1945 onwards through the lens of Upcycling and Design for Disassembly - understanding these as design strategies for reusing existing materials while adding new value, and as critical alternatives to the relentless demand for producing new materials? This innovative volume identifies and analyses twentieth-century Italian architectural experiences that reveal the continuous adaptation of ancient design and building practices of reuse, which can be considered visionary precedents of today's upcycling trends. In doing so, it challenges the usual view of the twentieth century as the period when the construction industry abandoned millennia-old practices of architectural reuse in favor of a cradle-to-grave model. The essays and case studies featured in this book examine anachronisms, the endurance of ancient traditions, and pioneering design experiments in Italy and beyond. They uncover the roots, ambiguities, and potential of an architecture of upcycling, and provide a new historiographical, theoretical, and design framework for its understanding
The dynamic interplay between overt attention and visual memory in the semantic representation of real-world objects across cognitive ageing
No full textEvery day, we interact with countless objects embedded within rich and dynamic environments. To navigate this complexity, the visual system organizes incoming information into structured representations, connecting objects with each other and with the broader contexts in which they appear. This doctoral thesis examines how visual attention and memory interact in naturalistic settings to support the construction of such representations, and how these processes are affected by cognitive ageing. I first focused on the associative organization of semantic memory, exploring how conceptual relationships between real-world objects are structured along categorical and functional dimensions, reflecting shared features within a taxonomic category or co-occurrence in everyday, action-based contexts (Chapter 3). Although both dimensions are central to conceptual organization, it remains unclear whether they constitute distinct representational systems or lie along a continuum of semantic relatedness, where one emerges as dominant and more stable across ageing. Using a novel adaptation of the Visual Paired Comparison paradigm, two eye-tracking experiments revealed that semantic associations are implicitly encoded and later reactivated during visual exploration, leaving measurable traces in gaze behaviour that reflect the accessibility and robustness of their underlying representations. Functional relations exerted a stronger influence on memory-guided attentional dynamics, particularly in older adults, where they appeared more resilient than categorical ones, due to their grounding in everyday experience and action-based affordances, which likely promote the integration of objects into holistic, event-based representations. These findings suggest an implicit hierarchy in semantic knowledge, where patterns of functional co-occurrence form the foundation for broader categorical generalizations. Then, I examined object-scene semantic relationships to understand how objects are contextually integrated within the broader unit of a scene (Chapter 4). A central question concerns whether, and how rapidly, high-level semantic information can be accessed from the visual periphery, and how such information supports memory formation. Across three change-detection experiments, semantically inconsistent objects (e.g., a hairdryer in a kitchen) attracted gaze earlier than consistent ones (e.g., a toaster) and predicted higher detection accuracy. These results suggest that the visual system exploits the statistical regularities of real-world environments to guide overt attention and construct short-term representations during naturalistic viewing. Crucially, these effects emerged across younger adults, healthy older individuals, and participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), indicating that predictive mechanisms of object-scene integration remain robust despite both healthy and pathological ageing. Combining eye-tracking with electrophysiology, I further showed that contextual violations elicit brain responses time-locked to the fixation preceding object foveation (N400 component), an effect observed in both younger and older adults. These results challenge models proposing that extrafoveal guidance depends solely on low-level visual features or that ageing reduces peripheral processing, revealing instead that high-level semantic analysis operates pre-attentively across the visual field and remains functionally preserved throughout the lifespan. Beyond their theoretical contributions, these findings highlight the importance of using naturalistic paradigms that capture the richness of real-world vision and can reveal mechanisms that are spared rather than impaired in cognitive ageing. In line with this perspective, I developed and validated two databases of visual stimuli, including object pairs (PAIRS) and real-world scenes (VISIONS), carefully normed along perceptual and conceptual dimensions to balance control and ecological validity in my empirical investigations (Chapter 2). Overall, this thesis advances a unified account of visual cognition as a meaning-driven and predictive system. Integrating behavioural, oculomotor, and electrophysiological evidence, it demonstrates that the semantic guidance of attention and memory remains remarkably robust with age, underscoring its role as a core mechanism in the architecture of the human mind
Pokémon GO: L'Eredità Decennale Un'Analisi Integrale dell'Impatto Sociologico, Economico e Tecnologico (2016-2025)
No full textQuando lo storico olandese Johan Huizinga teorizzò il concetto di "cerchio magico" nel suo saggio Homo Ludens (1938), descrisse il gioco come un'attività separata dalla vita ordinaria, confinata in limiti temporali e spaziali precisi. Nel luglio del 2016, Niantic Labs ha infranto irreversibilmente quel cerchio, riversando il gioco nelle strade, nei parchi, nei luoghi di culto e nelle piazze di tutto il mondo. A quasi dieci anni di distanza, Pokémon GO non può essere archiviato come una semplice applicazione di successo o una moda passeggera; esso rappresenta piuttosto il più vasto esperimento di ingegneria sociale e modifica comportamentale mai condotto attraverso un'interfaccia ludica
Mario Ridolfi e Terni. Costruire una strategia
No full textNel 1933 l’Amministrazione comunale di Terni indice un concorso nazionale invitando gli architetti italiani a redigere il nuovo Piano Regolatore della città: alla selezione partecipa Mario Ridolfi aggiudicandosi il secondo premio ex-aequo. Da questo momento in poi, fino alla redazione del piano di ricostruzione del 1945 prima e del Piano Regolatore Generale del 1960 poi, l’architetto, in collaborazione con Frankl e Malagricci, lavora sulla città di Terni per un periodo di oltre quarant’anni. Considerata la natura di questa esperienza progettuale, il rapporto tra architetto e città assume una declinazione così particolare, come scrive Paolo Portoghesi, " (...)da rendere accettabile che si parli della città come opera individuale." Risultando impossibile mantenere un approccio di analisi omnicomprensivo, il presente contributo intende pertanto isolare un segmento di questo progetto per proporre una riflessione sul ruolo che il concetto di diaframma assume nelle strategie compositive di Ridolfi, nell’ambito del Piano Particolareggiato di Corso del Popolo del 1959
Impact of stromal deposit depth on pneumatic dissection during DALK for TGFBI corneal dystrophies
No full textObjectives: To evaluate whether preoperative anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) parameters differ according to Big Bubble (BB) formation during deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) in patients with TGFBI-related corneal stromal dystrophies (CSD). Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 17 eyes from 12 patients undergoing DALK with an attempted BB technique. Stromal deposit depth was assessed by AS-OCT using both a categorical depth-based classification (anterior, mid-, and posterior stroma) and continuous measurements of stromal involvement (μm). The ratio between stromal involvement and the thinnest corneal point was calculated. Intraoperative data included BB success, BB type, and complications. Inter-eye correlation was accounted for in comparisons of continuous variables using linear mixed-effects models. Results: BB formation was achieved in 11 of 17 eyes (64.7%), with type 1 BB observed in all successful cases. BB success was observed in all eyes with anterior or mid-stromal involvement and in 33.3% of eyes with posterior stromal involvement. Greater stromal deposit depth and a higher stromal-depth-to-thinnest-point ratio were observed in eyes in which BB formation failed (p < 0.01). No intraoperative perforations or conversions to penetrating keratoplasty occurred. Inter-observer agreement for AS-OCT measurements was high. Conclusions: BB failure was more frequent in eyes with greater absolute and relative stromal deposit depth, as assessed by preoperative AS-OCT during DALK in TGFBI-related CSD. These AS-OCT-derived parameters may support surgical planning and improve patient selection for BB DALK in this clinical setting
From Temple to Church. The Evolution of San Lorenzo in Miranda Through Machine Learning
No full textThe paper addresses the challenges related to the application of machine learning solutions to support historical and architectural critical interpretation. The case study here reported is the complex of San Lorenzo in Miranda located in the Roman Forum along the Via Sacra. The structure, born as a temple and later transformed into a church, is a multi-layered architectural palimpsest where each construction phase, at least since Roman times, has inevitably influenced the subsequent modifications. The building’s rebirth upon itself by integrating and modifying its older portions is its main characteristic, imparting a specific complexity and interest. The first phase of the research focused on bibliographic study and 3D digital survey which both contributed to identifying the multiple construction phases of the building. In particular, the digital survey was implemented through two survey campaigns. The first one involved a massive 3D laser scanner and a UAV photogrammetric capturing while the second one integrated a topographic survey to georeference the captured data. The second phase was related to data interpretation, focusing on research questions related to an hypothetical reconstruction of the cella’s wall original covering layer. This question was addressed by leveraging machine learning algorithms used to automatically identify the covering traces
¿Quién por nosotros? Autorità, conflitti e governance nella Regione Ixil del Guatemala
No full textThis dissertation examines the reconstitution of the Maya Ixil ancestral authorities in the region of Nebaj, Guatemala, as a privileged site for observing the transformations in the relations between Indigenous communities, the state, and law in contemporary Guatemala. Based on eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2022 and 2024, it combines historical analysis, participant observation, and the study of legal and administrative processes.
The “ancestral” authority is not approached as a survival of traditional forms but as an institution in constant re-elaboration, whose political meaning emerges through everyday practices of governance, conflict mediation, and territorial defense. The Alcaldías Indígenas and Consejos de Principales operate within a plural legal regime in which the categories of costumbre and state law intersect and continuously redefine one another.
The analysis reconstructs the long-term relations between the state, land, and community, showing how the history of the municipal ejido of Nebaj provides a key lens for understanding transformations in local authority from the liberal period to the postwar present. Contemporary ethnography demonstrates that the reorganization of Indigenous authorities cannot be reduced to a defensive reaction against extractive policies but constitutes a process of redefinition of political legitimacy.
The examination of recent conflicts — from the 2022 attack on the Alcaldía Indígena of Nebaj to the 2023 national mobilizations — reveals the persistence of counterinsurgent logics and the capacity of Indigenous authorities to transform crisis into a field of political action. Within this context, women’s protagonism reworks the canons of costumbre and redefines the very modalities of ancestral authority, introducing new forms of moral and political legitimacy.
The dissertation concludes with a reflection on authority as a practice of service and collective responsibility. The ethnography shows how the system of cargos constitutes an ethical and relational order in continuous transformation, capable of redefining — within the structural inequalities that characterize contemporary Guatemala — the boundaries between community autonomy, political sovereignty, and territorial justice
Secure Management of a Water Distribution Network in Multi-tenant Scenarios
No full textWater Distribution Networks (WDNs) are key infrastruc-
tures for water supply for domestic, public and industrial use. Efficient
WDN monitoring is essential to have a sustainable and reliable service,
especially in the critical scenarios of water scarcity exacerbated by poor
water infrastructure maintenance. Water operators are distinct from the
water utility itself, and are responsible for the deployment and man-
agement of sensors. This generates a fragmented management structure,
especially in areas where multiple operators share different parts of the
WDNs. In this context, trust represents an essential challenge. Since
each operator manages their own sensors and data, there is no unified
view of the entire system. This fragmentation can cause issues, especially
when one operator needs to route water through infrastructure owned
by another. Here, we propose a trustworthy water network monitoring
framework based on blockchain and specifically on DeLoRaN, a decen-
tralized network model built for LoRaWAN environments. By decentral-
izing the sensor management and enabling verifiable logging, DeLoRaN
presents a useful tool for smart water networks in multiple independent
operators