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Blockchain and Coffee Supply Chain: Implications for Traceability, Efficiency, and Sustainability: A Systematic Literature Review
No full textThe high organizational complexity of the Global Coffee Supply Chain (GCSC) poses
significant challenges in terms of governance and sustainability, such as asymmetric access
to information, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, and overproduction, as well as high price
volatility and social issues such as workers’ rights and the unequal distribution of value
along the supply chain. In this context, therefore, the coffee sector could benefit from the
adoption of advanced traceability systems such as blockchain, whose implications in the
GCSC remain poorly systematized in the literature. Therefore, this research presented a
systematic literature review on the application of BC in the GCSC to analyze its efficiency,
traceability, and sustainability implications, as well as identifying the main factors that
hinder its full implementation. The review included 42 peer-reviewed studies indexed in
Scopus, and the results showed that, in terms of efficiency, BC adoption can help improve
coordination and reduce information asymmetries along the supply chain, but only in
specific contexts, as they depend largely on organizational and infrastructural conditions,
rather than on the technical characteristics of the technology. With regard to sustainability,
the results sometimes appear contradictory, reflecting profound differences in context. The
review highlighted that the main obstacles to the effective adoption of BC in the GCSC stem
from a combination of constraints, including centralized governance structures, power
asymmetries in data management, infrastructure deficiencies in production contexts, and
digital exclusion dynamics. Overall, the study highlighted that BC in the coffee sector
cannot be considered a stand-alone solution but should be interpreted as a socio-technical
infrastructure whose effectiveness depends on many interconnected factors
Transizione ecologica e mobilità sostenibile: una prospettiva costituzionale
No full textLa tesi analizza la riforma del 2022 degli artt. 9 e 41 per delineare uno statuto costituzionale della mobilità sostenibile. Muove dal quadro della transizione ecologica, dall’European Green Deal e dagli strumenti nazionali (PNRR), scegliendo la mobilità come banco di prova privilegiato. Ripercorre genealogicamente l’art. 41, dall’“utilità sociale” all’ambiente come limite espresso e all’indirizzo verso fini sociali e ambientali congiunti, per mostrarne la nuova funzione nella programmazione economica. Integra il livello europeo, includendo i recenti interventi sul trasporto su strada e le traiettorie MaaS, evidenziandone rischi e opportunità. Sotto il profilo teorico, sostiene che non occorre proclamare un nuovo diritto fondamentale: la mobilità sostenibile è valore e compito pubblico, fondato su obblighi positivi (accessibilità, sicurezza, inclusione, sostenibilità dei costi e qualità ambientale). Il lavoro tematizza le diseguaglianze e la mobility justice come criterio di equità nella distribuzione delle opportunità e dei carichi della transizione
Raccontare il territorio e la cultura culinaria italiana al resto del mondo: Strategie linguistiche e pragmatiche degli “chefluencers” italiani sui social media
No full textIn the age of social media, the culinary world has seen a transformation as chefs use digital platforms to share their expertise. This paper examines the intersection of Italian cuisine and the digital realm, focusing on Italian “chefluencers” who use a mix of English and Italian in their video recipes to reach a global audience. By exploring pragmatic and translation strategies, particularly subtitles, code-switching/mixing, English-only recipes, and multimodal pragmatics, as well as analysing micro-linguistic elements such as lexical borrowings, the study investigates how chefluencers like Ruben Bondi, Aurora Cavallo (aka Cooker girl), Sofia Fabiani (aka Cucinare stanca), and Nadia Caterina Munno (aka The pasta queen) bridge Italian gastronomy with the world. It also highlights how social media fosters cross-cultural culinary exchanges, enabling Italian chefs to engage global followers while preserving culinary traditions
Compatibilità Pubblico-Privata nel Pluralismo Giuridico-Sportivo: l’influenza dei dialoghi sociali e istituzionali e della concertazione sociale sui contorni economici e sociali della lex sportiva
No full textIl fenomeno sportivo, che va oltre la dimensione tecnico-atletica per assumere caratteristiche politiche, organizzative, economiche, culturali e sociali, si è sviluppato – in particolare nel contesto dello sport competitivo – all’interno di strutture autonome di portata transnazionale. Ciò avviene nell’ambito di quella che è conosciuta come lex sportiva, i cui elementi dimostrano adesione al pluralismo giuridico. Pur senza escludere la partecipazione dello Stato, tale quadro contestualizza e modula il coinvolgimento statale nei limiti dell’autonomia sportiva. La dicotomia pubblico-privata, che tende a generare tensioni e instabilità sistemiche, sta gradualmente lasciando spazio a un ambiente di coordinamento e cooperazione istituzionale, nonché all’armonizzazione delle norme, a favore della stabilità del sistema e della tutela sia dell’integrità dello sport sia dei diritti fondamentali degli atleti. Alla luce della regolamentazione di un sistema sportivo sempre più economico e socialmente impattante, si propone – senza trascurare la prerogativa e il dovere istituzionale delle organizzazioni sportive di autoregolamentarsi – una costruzione normativa democratica, mediante l’attuazione di un dialogo effettivo che coinvolga le istituzioni, gli attori del sistema, lo Stato e la società civile. L’obiettivo è garantire una maggiore legittimità delle normative private e la stabilità del sistema, nel perseguimento delle finalità istituzionali del sistema stesso. Una governance collaborativa e plurale favorisce la pacificazione sociale e promuove un sistema associativo armonioso ed efficiente, che consenta il suo sviluppo sostenibile, privilegiando il necessario equilibrio – sia tecnico che economico – e tutelando gli interessi, le aspirazioni, i diritti e le garanzie dei suoi attori sociali. La cooperazione e il dialogo non indeboliscono l’autonomia sportiva; al contrario, conferiscono maggiore legittimità alle normative prodotte dal sistema, soprattutto nel contesto dei suoi impatti economici e socialiThe phenomenon of sport, which goes beyond the technical-athletic dimension to assume political, organizational, economic, cultural, and social characteristics, has been conducted—particularly in the context of competitive sport—within the structural framework of autonomous systems of transnational scope. This occurs within what is known as lex sportiva, whose elements demonstrate adherence to legal pluralism. While not excluding state participation, this framework contextualizes and modulates state involvement within the limits of sporting autonomy. The public-private dichotomy, which tends to generate tension and systemic instability, is gradually giving way to an environment of institutional coordination and cooperation, and to the harmonization of rules, in favor of systemic stability and the safeguarding of both the integrity of sport and the fundamental rights of athletes. In light of the regulation of a sporting system that is increasingly economic in nature and socially impactful, it is proposed—without disregarding the prerogative and institutional duty of sports organizations to regulate themselves—a democratic normative construction, through the implementation of an effective dialogue involving institutions, system stakeholders, the State, and civil society. The aim is to ensure greater legitimacy of private regulations and systemic stability, in the pursuit of the system's institutional goals. Collaborative and plural governance fosters social pacification and promotes a harmonious and efficient associative system that enables its sustainable development, prioritizing the necessary balance—both technical and economic—and safeguarding the interests, aspirations, rights, and guarantees of its social actors. Cooperation and dialogue do not weaken sporting autonomy; on the contrary, they grant greater legitimacy to the regulations produced by the system, particularly in the context of its economic and social impact
Seismic assessment of RC frames using nonlinear pushover analysis and variability propagation
No full textPerformance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) requires probabilistic treatment of structural capacity, yet current safety formats often rely on simplified approaches that concentrate all sources of uncertainty into global reduction factors (e.g. partial factors, global capacity factors, or confidence factors). The Knowledge Level / Confidence Factor (KL/CF) method, for example, applies uniform penalties to material strengths but cannot distinguish between different uncertainty sources or their varying influence across limit states. This thesis addresses this gap by developing a hierarchical framework for uncertainty propagation in reinforced concrete (RC) frames. The primary objective is to establish a rational procedure for determining the design capacity, the value with an assigned probability of not being exceeded, that satisfies the target reliability levels prescribed by modern seismic codes, specifically EN1998-1-1:2024. Two complementary methodologies are proposed: -Full-UP (Full Uncertainty Propagation): a rigorous, bottom-up approach that combines component probability distributions at hinge, column, storey, and frame levels using combination rules for series and parallel systems. -Sim-UP (Simplified Uncertainty Propagation): a pragmatic approach that applies First-Order Second-Moment principles to a global displacement model, capturing key system-level effects such as ductility and damage distribution. Both methods are formulated for distinct limit states (Damage Limitation, Significant Damage, Near Collapse), revealing how dominant sources of uncertainty evolve with the governing physical mechanism. Validation against Monte Carlo simulations on representative RC frames shows that Full-UP reliably bounds results, while Sim-UP provides accurate single-point estimates for structures with stable mechanisms. The outputs, median capacity and system dispersion, directly enable the construction of fragility curves and risk-informed decisions. This work therefore provides both a theoretical benchmark and a practical tool for seismic assessment, bridging the gap between advanced reliability theory and engineering application
Variazioni della vasoreattività cerebrale in pazienti con ischemia cerebrale acuta: ruolo dell’ischemic preconditioning e dell’HIF1 α
No full textLa vasoreattività cerebrale (CVR) è un indicatore funzionale dell’omeostasi neurovascolare; il fattore indotto dall’ipossia (HIF-1α) è un regolatore molecolare cardine della risposta adattativa ipossia-dipendente. Obiettivo di questo studio è analizzare le variazioni longitudinali della CVR che si verificano a seguito di un’ischemia cerebrale acuta e l’eventuale associazione con HIF-1α, nel contesto dell’ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Metodi: studio pilota osservazionale monocentrico su 84 adulti con ictus ischemico (NIHSS≤10) o TIA ad alto rischio (ABCD2≥4), arruolati tra aprile 2021 e luglio 2025. Le valutazioni sono state effettuate in fase acuta (T1, ≤5 giorni) e a 3 mesi (T2). La CVR è stata stimata con Doppler transcranico e Breath-Holding Index (BHI, dati appaiati n=41); in un sottogruppo (n=13) sono stati dosati i livelli plasmatici di HIF-1α (ELISA). L’analisi ha impiegato Wilcoxon per confronti appaiati, Mann–Whitney per gruppi indipendenti e correlazioni di Spearman (p<0,05). Risultati: BHI e HIF-1α si riducono tra T1 e T2 (p=0,046; p=0,002). Non emergono correlazioni significative tra BHI e HIF-1α né tra le loro variazioni (ΔBHI, ΔHIF-1α). Non si osservano differenze per tipo di evento (TIA vs ictus), lateralità o fattori di rischio cardiovascolare. Interpretazione e conclusioni: l’assenza di una correlazione diretta tra BHI e HIF-1α suggerisce meccanismi in parte indipendenti ma potenzialmente sinergici nella risposta adattativa post-ischemica. Il profilo temporale della CVR—più elevata in acuto, ridotta a 3 mesi—associato alla riduzione dei livelli plasmatici HIF-1α, è coerente con una risposta compensatoria precoce compatibile con l’IPC, con attivazione di vie ipossia-sensibili, reclutamento collaterale e iperreattività endoteliale, seguiti da rimodellamento e stabilizzazione della rete cerebrovascolare. L’integrazione tra misure funzionali (BHI) e biomarcatori (HIF-1α) delinea un approccio multidimensionale utile al monitoraggio del recupero cerebrale post-ictus e alla definizione di strategie neuroprotettive personalizzate
Oratorio di San Rocco
No full textIl contributo indaga le caratteristiche architettonico/compositive dell'Oratorio di San Rocco presso Vicovaro (RM
Differential Taphonomic Behavior of Flint Types: Experimental Insights and Implications for the Middle Stone Age Assemblages of Wadi Lazalim in the Northern Sahara (Kebili, Tunisia)
No full textSeveral syn and post-depositional processes are responsible for different degrees of site and assemblage formation and disturbance. Understanding the processes that lead to archaeological site formation is essential for interpreting past human activities, settlement patterns, and occupation dynamics. Among these processes, water flow is commonly recognized as a major factor influencing site and assemblage formation and integrity. Lithic taphonomy can add valuable information to the understanding of these natural processes. To better evaluate how different flint types react to both mechanical and chemical stresses, we carried out controlled and sequential experiments on knapped flint artifact replicas. These were realized on two different flint varieties, recognized in the archaeological assemblage of a Middle Stone Age open-air site located at Wadi Lazalim (Southern Tunisia). Our methodological framework is based on a sequential tumbling experiment that simulates the remobilization of artifacts by water. The resulting post-depositional surface modifications (PDSM) were observed and recorded. In addition, a sample of flint replicas underwent chemical alteration in a controlled environment, allowing us to document and measure both patina formation and changes in surface roughness. These experimental results were then compared with a sample of archaeological materials, providing the basis for a preliminary and exploratory hypothesis concerning the taphonomic processes at the site. Here, we observed that most of the alterations appear to be linked to patina formation, whose variable degree and kind are more strongly correlated with differences in raw material texture rather than to the co-occurrence of artefacts from different chronological spans
Passaggi della Valle dell’Aniene. Guida agli itinerari del sacro
No full textModellata dall’acqua e racchiusa tra i monti Prenestini, Ruffi, Simbruini e Lepini, la Valle dell’Aniene custodisce un paesaggio di straordinaria complessità, dove natura e storia si intrecciano in un continuo processo di trasformazione. Tra Roma, Tivoli e Subiaco si dispiega un territorio che, lungo i settanta chilometri della via Tiburtina, rivela un fitto palinsesto di tracce antropiche, antiche e recenti, capaci di restituire la memoria di un dialogo mai interrotto tra uomo e ambiente.
Questa guida propone una lettura inedita della Valle dell’Aniene attraverso contributi scientifici interdisciplinari che raccontano gli spazi del sacro e con essi mettono in luce un paesaggio vivo, fragile e prezioso: una soglia tra l’ager Tiburtinus e le montagne, da riscoprire con uno sguardo nuovo e consapevole
Ocular surface restoration and corneal nerve regeneration following treatment with autologous serum eye drops in patients with Paralytic Lagophthalmos and Neurotrophic Keratitis
No full textPurpose:
To evaluate the effect of 20% autologous serum eye drops (ASED) treatment on enhancing ocular
surface health and promoting corneal nerve regeneration in individuals affected by Paralytic
Lagophthalmos (PL) and Neurotrophic Keratitis (NK).
This prospective study included 11 patients with unilateral NK and PL treated with 20% ASED for 2
months. Baseline ocular surface assessments included Schirmer I test; non-invasive tear film break
up time (NIBUT) using a corneal Sirius topographer (CSO, Florence, Italy); Cochet-Bonnet
esthesiometry; slit-lamp examination with fluorescein staining graded using the modified Oxford
Grading System; in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) for corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), nerve
fiber density (CNFD), and nerve branch density (CNBD). The same measurements were repeated at
the end of the treatment period (60 days ±2 days).
Results
Ten patients completed the study. One patient discontinued treatment due to ocular discomfort. ASED
treatment significantly improved Schirmer I values (mean: 10.3 ± 4.7 mm to 19.7 ± 12.1 mm;
p=0.041), OSDI scores (21.1 ± 12.9 to 17.0 ± 10.0; p=0.009), and corneal sensitivity readings (central
esthesiometry: 3.4 ± 1.9 mm to 5.0 ± 1.2 mm; p =0.005). IVCM revealed significant increases in
CNFL (11.1 ± 6.4 to 14.7 ± 7.3 mm/mm2; p=0.006) and CNFD (23.1 ± 13.2 to 33.8 ± 11.9 fibers/mm2;
p=0.012).
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study highlights the potential of 20% ASED to promote corneal nerve regeneration,
enhance corneal sensitivity, and restore ocular surface health in patients with PL and NK. These
findings support the neurotrophic and regenerative properties of ASED as a promising therapeutic
option for complex ocular surface diseases with IVCM as a valuable tool for monitoring nerve
recovery. Larger, long-term studies are warranted to confirm these results and optimize treatment
protocols