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A Methodological Approach for the Parametric Assessment of Residential Construction Costs
No full textThis study proposes a methodological approach for the parametric estimation of construction costs in the residential sector, with particular reference to the Italian regulatory and economic context. Through the analysis of five case studies, the developed methodology allows for the organic structuring of cost items by means of a classification in working clusters and intervention categories, integrating the different typologies of surfaces in the calculation of the unit construction cost by taking into account appropriate homogenization coefficients with respect to the gross usable surface. The model is configured as a strategic tool for investors and public administrations, able to support economic planning and resource optimization in decision-making processes
Observation of lump solitons
No full textSolitons are the cornerstone of nonlinear physics. The integrability of nonlinear equations is the basis of this universal concept. However, most multidimensional systems lack integrability, a fundamental limitation that challenges the existence of solitons in high dimensions. A remarkable exception would be the lump soliton, a two-dimensional solution of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation with the unique property of propagating unperturbed in three-dimensional space. Due to the difficulty of implementing the KP dynamics in any physical system, lump solitons have never been observed. Here, we report the first experimental observation of the lump soliton. The lump is realized in nonlinear optics, in a photorefractive crystal under the action of paraxial diffraction and defocusing nonlinearity, ruled by the (2+1)D nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation. We tailor the input field shape and the nonlinearity to realize the hydrodynamic KP integrable regime of the NLS equation. The lump emerges as a self-localized wave that propagates unaltered with a transverse velocity. We confirm its integrable nature by reporting, for the first time, the elastic collision of lumps in two dimensions. As the first experimental evidence of integrable solitons in high dimensions, our observation paves the way for a new era in the study of nonlinear systems
The imaged "decisional line" for cholesteatoma surgical approach
No full textBackground: Cholesteatoma (CHO) is a pathological condition in which an epidermal cyst grows within the petrous pyramid. As it progresses, CHO can erode the ossicles and bony walls, leading to complications such as hearing loss, vertigo, and facial nerve palsy. Surgery is the gold standard treatment for CHO, with various surgical approaches differing in invasiveness. When choosing which surgical approach is most appropriate for the patient, surgeons must balance the necessary radicality of treatment with the invasiveness of their chosen surgical approach.
Objective: This study aims to provide objective radiological criteria for localizing cholesteatoma and guiding the selection of the most appropriate surgical approach.
Methods: Patients with CHO underwent high-resolution CT scans and non-EPI DWI MRI. A spatial quadrant was arbitrarily drawn and used to map the CHO location within the petrous bone, delineating 4 anatomical quadrants.
Results: By using image fusion techniques and objective markers, the preoperatively planned canal-wall-up (CWU) approach was modified for 75% of the cases. At the 1-year follow-up, non-EPI DWI MRI was performed, and 20% of the patients who underwent the canal wall-up (CWU) technique showed cholesteatoma recurrence. Among patients whose surgical approach was modified on the basis of preoperative fusion imaging, 10% experienced CHO recurrence.
Conclusions: Accurate preoperative CHO localization through image fusion appears useful for staging the disease, preserving the surrounding structures and achieving the best excision results
Processi di politicizzazione in età rivoluzionaria e napoleonica: la circolazione dei saperi e delle pratiche politiche nella Roma del ventennio francese
No full textOggetto della ricerca sono i processi di politicizzazione della società nel ventennio rivoluzionario e napoleonico studiati dall’osservatorio romano e il loro intreccio con le dinamiche di circolazione di uomini, modelli, pratiche e saperi politici, economici, tecnico-produttivi e scientifici. L’indagine fissa la questione se sia possibile – nonostante alcuni suoi innegabili aspetti di peculiarità – astrarre con procedimento logico induttivo alcuni elementi dal caso di studio di Roma per generalizzarli rispetto alla più ampia situazione italiana.
La prospettiva adottata nella tesi tende a leggere in consequenzialità storica i processi di politicizzazione nel ventennio di influenza e dominio francese, pur non limitandosi a questo stretto arco temporale. L’obiettivo del primo capitolo è ripercorrere la storiografia italiana sull’età rivoluzionaria e napoleonica dal Dopoguerra ad oggi per dimostrare che l’approccio scelto è legittimato dalla letteratura. La storiografia, infatti, ha teso progressivamente in questa direzione, lasciando però ancora dei margini per meglio definire l’oggetto di studio prettamente politico in età consolare e imperiale: compito che si ritiene possibile svolgere mediante l’analisi serrata di un caso di studio specifico, come quello romano.
Nel secondo capitolo si indagano i processi di politicizzazione a Roma che portarono alla crisi dell’antico regime ecclesiastico. Essi si manifestarono a partire da una vitalità del moto riformistico che la storiografia – poco aggiornata sul tema da lungo tempo – ha teso a sottovalutare. Il moto si rivelò nel dialogo tra Stato e opinione pubblica, che crebbe di qualità e intensità proporzionalmente all’assimilazione di nuove idee economiche e politiche dal contesto intellettuale italiano ed europeo, complice il diretto coinvolgimento di «forestieri». Dopo il 1789, tale ricezione non si limitò più alla teoria, ma coinvolse anche nuove pratiche rivoluzionarie come quella della congiura. Nella seconda parte del capitolo allora si ripercorrono le azioni dei patrioti romani, con l’intento di delineare il loro contributo nella diffusione dei nuovi ideali e finanche nella caduta del potere temporale del papato.
Altro momento fondamentale della politicizzazione degli attori locali fu l’esperienza nelle amministrazioni e nelle istituzioni repubblicane e napoleoniche. Nel terzo capitolo si analizzano gli intenti centralizzatori delle nuove formazioni statali e i processi di deontologizzazione dei loro funzionari amministrativi. Si passano inoltre in rassegna alcune parabole di carriera proseguite senza soluzione di continuità al mutare dei regimi politici: tale prosopografia permette di cogliere in senso dell’apprendistato politico svolto internamente all’amministrazione. Fra i vari, ci si sofferma maggiormente su di Nicola Maria Nicolai, emblematica figura di congiunzione per interpretare gli elementi di continuità delle diverse stagioni amministrative tra riformismo, rivoluzioni e restaurazioni.
Insistendo sui tratti di politicità vissuti negli anni napoleonici, nel quarto capitolo si ricostruiscono l’attività della Municipalità di Roma e lo svolgimento delle elezioni del 1811-1813, due esperimenti del sistema di rappresentanza imperiale. Ci si focalizza, infine, sull’attività delle associazioni specialistiche che fornirono la loro collaborazione al regime.The research focuses on the politicization processes of society during the twenty years of French Revolution and Napoleonic domination pointed by the Roman observatory and their intertwining with the circulations of people, models, practices and political, economic, technical-productive and scientific knowledge. Is it possible – despite some undeniable peculiarities—to abstract certain elements from the Roman case study using an inductive logic process to generalize them to the broader Italian situation?
The perspective adopted in this thesis interprets in historical continuity the politicization processes during the twenty years of French influence and rule, though not limiting itself to this narrow time frame. The aim of the first chapter is to retrace the Italian historiography on the revolutionary and Napoleonic age from the postwar period to the present, demonstrating that the chosen approach is legitimized by the literature. Indeed, historiography has gradually moved in this direction, even if it has left room for better defining the strictly political objects of study in the Consular and Imperial phases: a task which can be accomplished through the analysis of a specific case study, as the one of Rome.
The second chapter explores the politicization processes in Rome that led to the crisis of the ancient ecclesiastical regime. These processes emerged from a vital reformist movement that historiography — long out of touch with the topic — has underestimated. This movement manifested itself in the dialogue between state and public opinion, which grew in quality and intensity proportionally to the assimilation of new economic and political ideas from the Italian and European intellectual context, thanks to the direct involvement of foreigners. After 1789, this reception was no longer limited to theory, but also involved new revolutionary practices such as conspiracy. The second part of the chapter follows the Roman patriots actions, outlining their contribution to the spread of new ideals and even to the fall of the papacy's temporal power.
Another key moment in the politicization of local actors was their experience in Republican and Napoleonic administrations and institutions. The third chapter analyzes the centralizing intentions of the new state formations and the deontologization of the roman administrative staff. It also examines several career trajectories that continued uninterruptedly through changing political regimes: this prosopography allows us to grasp the meaning of the political apprenticeship within the administration. Among the various figures, the focus falls in particular on Nicola Maria Nicolai, an emblematic figure of connection for interpreting the continuity elements in the various administrative periods between reformism, revolutions and restorations.
Focusing on political aspects of the Napoleonic years, the fourth chapter reconstructs the activity of the Roman Municipality and the conduct of the elections of 1811-1813, two experiments of the imperial system of representation. Finally, it focuses on the specialized associations which collaborated with the regime
Xiyu kaogu: qingtong shidai zhi gongyuan 9 shiji西域考古:青铜时代至公元9世纪 (Western Regions Archaeology: The Bronze Age to the 9th Century AD)
No full text本专著旨在对中亚地区从原史时期至阿拉伯征服时期的考古学研究进行尽可能全面而批判性的综述。研究范围西起里海,东至中国甘肃走廊入口;北以欧亚草原南缘及天山山脉为界,南界包括科佩特山脉(伊朗—土库曼斯坦边界)、阿富汗的兴都库什山脉、帕米尔高原、喀喇昆仑山脉,以及更东部将中亚与青藏高原分隔的昆仑山和阿尔金山。天山西段与帕米尔高原构成一道自然屏障,将中亚划分为西部和东部两个主要地理区域。中亚西部大体对应于前苏联时期的中亚诸共和国——土库曼斯坦、乌兹别克斯坦(含卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦自治共和国)、塔吉克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦和哈萨克斯坦,并包括阿富汗兴都库什山脉以北地区;中亚东部则相当于中华人民共和国新疆维吾尔自治区南部,即塔里木盆地。
前两章系统梳理了中亚西部的原史文化,分别讨论青铜时代(约公元前3000—1500年)和铁器时代(约公元前1500年至公元前4世纪)。铁器时代的末期,即阿契美尼德时期(公元前6—4世纪),按照传统史学标准标志着该地区正式进入历史时代。第三章分析了希腊势力在巴克特里亚及其周边地区的政治与文化影响;第四章则关注未纳入希腊化体系的区域,以及公元前3世纪至公元1世纪期间重塑中亚西部政治格局的人口迁徙现象。第五章专门讨论贵霜王朝(公元1—3世纪)的考古证据,第六章考察公元3—5世纪这一在历史政治解释上极具争议的时期。第七章以整体视角探讨佛教自公元2至8世纪在中亚的传播,着重揭示其内在发展机制及其建筑与艺术形态的系统性与一致性。第八章聚焦中亚西部的早期中世纪(公元6—9世纪),这一时期不仅是文化高度繁荣的阶段,也标志着阿拉伯征服逐步推进的历史进程。
最后三章转向中亚东部,即新疆南部地区,分别论述原史时期与佛教考古研究的最新进展,以及塔里木盆地南部和北部的重要遗址、纪念性建筑与代表性考古发现。This monograph aims to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of archaeological research in Central Asia from the Protohistoric period to the Arab conquest. The geographical scope extends from the Caspian Sea in the west to the entrance of the Gansu Corridor in China, bounded to the north by the southern belt of the Eurasian steppes and the Tian Shan range, and to the south by the Kopet Dag, Hindu Kush, Pamir, Karakorum, Kunlun, and Altin Tagh mountain systems. The western foothills of the Tian Shan and the Pamir form a natural divide between two major regions: Western and Eastern Central Asia. Western Central Asia corresponds largely to the territories of the former Soviet republics—Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (including Karakalpakstan), Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Kazakhstan—as well as northern Afghanistan. Eastern Central Asia coincides with southern Xinjiang (People’s Republic of China), encompassing the Tarim Basin.
The first two chapters examine the Protohistoric cultures of Western Central Asia, focusing on the Bronze Age (ca. 3000–1500 BCE) and the Iron Age (ca. 1500 BCE–4th century BCE). The latter culminates in the Achaemenid period, which conventionally marks the region’s entry into the historical record. Chapter 3 addresses the political and cultural impact of Greek rule in Bactria and adjacent areas, while Chapter 4 explores regions beyond the Greek sphere and the migratory processes that reshaped the political landscape between the 3rd century BCE and the 1st century CE. Archaeological evidence from the Kushan dynasty (1st–3rd centuries CE) is the focus of Chapter 5, followed by Chapter 6, which discusses the complex and debated period between the 3rd and 5th centuries CE. Chapter 7 offers a unified analysis of the spread of Buddhism (2nd–8th centuries CE), emphasizing its internal dynamics and the coherence of its architectural and artistic expressions. Chapter 8 examines the early Middle Ages (6th–9th centuries CE), a period of remarkable cultural florescence that also witnessed the gradual advance of the Arab conquest.
The final three chapters shift attention to Eastern Central Asia (southern Xinjiang), addressing recent advances in Protohistoric studies and Buddhist archaeology, and presenting key sites, monuments, and material culture from the southern and northern sectors of the Tarim Basin
Antigenic assessment for the β2-glycoprotein I/Platelet factor 4 complex in thrombotic patients with antiphospholipid syndrome
No full textObjective: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune condition characterized by recurrent thrombosis, pregnancy-related complications and circulating antiphospholipid antibodies, including anti-β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI). Platelet factor 4 (PF4) is a pro-coagulant protein expressed by activated platelets. It is considered a potential platelet ligand for oxidized β2-GPI, and this interaction may play a role in the thrombotic manifestations of APS. This study aims to assess β2-GPI/PF4 complex autoantibodies in sera of thrombotic patients with APS and their potential functional role in platelet activation.
Methods: We analysed sera from 73 patients with thrombotic APS, 20 with obstetric APS, 20 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 20 with non-APS thrombosis, 3 with vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), 20 with COVID-19 and 45 healthy donors (HDs). These samples were tested by ELISA for antibodies to the β2-GPI/PF4 complex after in vitro induction of spontaneous β2-GPI protein oxidation.
Results: Anti-β2-GPI/PF4 were detected in 34.24% of thrombotic APS patients and 20% of obstetric APS. All VITT and none of the SLE, non-APS thrombosis, COVID-19 patients and HDs were positive for anti-β2-GPI/PF4. In thrombotic APS, a significant association was found between anti-β2-GPI/PF4 positivity and antibody titer with venous thrombotic complications (p = 0.032, p = 0.01) as well as between anti-β2-GPI/PF4 and triple positivity to conventional aPLs (p = 0.028). Notably, antibody titer correlated with the young age both at diagnosis (p<0.001) and at the current evaluation (p=0.001). Moreover, HDs’ platelets, in vitro treated with Ig fractions from APS patients, exhibited a significant increase in phospho-ERK and phospho-p38 expression, leading to NF-κB activation and TF expression.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated the presence of anti-β2-GPI/PF4 in patients with APS, where it may be involved in the mechanism underlying the hypercoagulable state and correlated with a greater risk of developing thrombosis, especially in the young population
Le stampe della selva oscura in due edizioni cinquecentesche della 'Comedia' di Dante Alighieri nella Biblioteca Paolo Baffi della Banca d'Italia
No full textCostituiscono oggetto di studio di questo contributo le rappresentazioni della selva oscura nelle illustrazioni a stampa dei primi due volumi di pregio da cui prende inizio il Tour virtuale Dante nella Biblioteca Paolo Baffi. I due volumi, entrambi stampati a Venezia, sono le edizioni della Comedia con l'esposizione di Cristoforo Landino (1529, stampata per Iacob del Burgofranco su istanza di Lucantonio Giunta) e con l'esposizione di Alessandro Vellutello (1544, stampata per Francesco Marcolini su istanza dello stesso Vellutello).
Analizzando queste stampe, per la prima volta ne è stata ricostruita la genesi e sono stati individuati elementi significativi sul diverso contesto storico, culturale e politico in cui sono state pubblicate, nella stessa città, a distanza di 15 anni l'una dall'altra.
Riguardo l'illustrazione presente nell'edizione del 1529, è stato individuato, per la prima volta, l'adattamento di una matrice già utilizzata in una edizione del 1491, impiegando la stessa rappresentazione dell'episodio dantesco, inserito in una cornice figurata diversa. Grazie all'identificazione di tutti i soggetti raffigurati nella stampa dell'edizione del 1529 (comprensiva di episodio e cornice) e al raffronto con altre stampe, interne ed esterne al volume, sono emersi contenuti iconografici legati all'ambiente antimediceo, con il motto stoico «SVSTINE ET ABSTINE», e di natura economico-editoriale.
Quanto alla stampa presente nell'edizione del 1544, nonostante le componenti innovative del libro, su cui si è concentrata la bibliografia rintracciata, per la prima volta sono stati individuati e dimostrati anche elementi di continuità con la tradizione della specifica illustrazione, fatti propri e resi più moderni, in linea con un mutato atteggiamento culturale strettamente correlato con l'epoca del pontificato di Paolo III Farnese, a cui Vellutello ha dedicato il volume, il papa umanista che avrebbe dato inizio al Concilio di Trento nel 1545
Design-driven Sustainable Manufacturing. Enabling Multi-Stakeholder Knowledge Exchange for Circular Furniture Production
No full textAdvancing production systems technology necessitates redefined assessment methods across production stages to address sustainability needs, requiring vast, updated data on material and process impacts. European directives, including the Circular Economy Action Plan, promote waste minimization and resource optimization through fundamental changes in design practices, positioning designers as primary orchestrators of circular material flows. This MICS Project 1.07 research investigates how digital platforms enable designers to coordinate circular solutions in Italy's furniture sector through transparent material data exchange. The study develops an integrated system connecting designers, waste managers, and manufacturers to facilitate circular material flows and comprehensive design processes for circular material applications. The research reveals complex hybrid networks where organizations critically shift between roles as waste producers, material processors, and end-users. Digital solutions address these challenges through AI-driven material analysis, real-time supply chain information, and seamless design process integration. Designers with comprehensive material data can achieve more impactful design toward waste reduction while identifying new market opportunities through by-product valorization. The platform architecture features dual access through web portals and CAD plug-ins, enabling both material exploration and direct design workflow integration. The projects and its insights foresee designers as essential bridges between creative innovation and sustainable production implementation, providing a replicable model for sectors beyond furniture manufacturing
Application of high-resolution multispectral data in drought assessment on the Italian territory
No full textDrought is a complex natural phenomenon characterized by prolonged periods of unusually low water availability, resulting in an imbalance between water supply and demand, severely affecting ecosystems, agriculture, and water resources, particularly in Mediterranean regions highly vulnerable to climate variability. The increasing frequency and intensity of drought events highlight the need for timely and spatially detailed monitoring of drought signals. This thesis explores the potential of products derived from Sentinel-2 (S2) data, mainly the fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (fAPAR), for assessing vegetation health and drought impacts. The study demonstrates that S2-derived fAPAR is consistent with other established fAPAR datasets (e.g., MODIS, CGLS) in both temporal dynamics and drought-related anomalies. Despite its relatively short temporal record, S2 fAPAR can reliably detect drought-affected periods. By combining vegetation signals with satellite-observed water extent dynamics, the analysis shows that S2 fAPAR can complement hydrological drought assessment by reducing uncertainties related to anthropogenic interventions in water reservoirs. A multi-scale analysis demonstrates vegetation stress responses vary by crop type and across fields. High spatial resolution of S2 data enables a finer characterization of vegetation responses, providing valuable insights for agricultural drought management. Overall, the thesis highlights the added value of S2 data as a high-resolution resource for monitoring vegetation stress in supporting early warning systems and localized drought mitigation. Integrating S2 fAPAR with other drought indicators can further enhance drought assessment across scales. While the inclusion of in-situ data would improve validation, the fully satellite-based methodology proposed here remains applicable in data-scarce regions