60419 research outputs found
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Impact of Perceived Peer to Peer Accommodation Development on Community Residents’ Well-being
No full textA survey of 780 UK residents was conducted to identify the extent to which perceived peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation development is associated with changes in community members’ well-being from economic, social and environmental perspectives, and to understand in which circumstances P2P listings have positive and negative effects on 7 community members’ well-being. Partial least squares analysis demonstrates that the 8 perceived positive community impacts of P2P accommodation are more pronounced than the 9 perceived negative impacts. Additionally, weak but statistically significant effects of 10 perceived P2P accommodation prevalence on residents’ social and environmental well-being 11 are observed. Based on these findings and in accordance with social exchange theory, both 12 policy makers and the P2P accommodation sector should develop strategies to enhance the 13 perceived positive impacts on residents’ well-being and mitigate the perceived negative 14 impacts
Very High Prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency in n 6433 UK South Asian adults: analysis of the UK Biobank Cohort
No full textLittle research has assessed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and its predictors in western dwelling South Asians in a relatively large sample size. This observational, cross-sectional analysis assessed baseline prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency in UK dwelling South Asians (aged 40-69 years, 2006-2010) from the UK Biobank cohort. Serum 25(OH)D measurements were undertaken using the DiaSorin Liaison XL assay. Of n 6433 South Asians with a 25(OH)D measurement, using commonly used cut-off thresholds, 55% (n 3538) had 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L (severe deficiency) and 92% (n 5918) had 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L (insufficiency). Twenty per cent (n 1287) had 25(OH)D concentration <15 nmol/L (very severe deficiency). When n 824 participants with undetectable (<10 nmol/L) 25(OH)D measurements were included (total n 7257), 29% (n 2105) had 25(OH)D <15 nmol/L, 60% (n 4354) had 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L and 93% (n 6749) had 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L. Logistic regression predictors of 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L included the following characteristics: being male; Pakistani; higher body mass index; 40-59 years old; never consuming oily fish; summer sun exposure < 5 hours per day, not using a vitamin D containing supplement, measurement in winter or spring and vegetarianism. In terms of region, median 25(OH)D concentration was 19-20 nmol/L in Scotland, Northern England, the Midlands and Wales. Across Southern England and London it was slightly higher at 24-25 nmol/L. Our analyses suggest the need for increased awareness of vitamin D deficiency in South Asians as well as urgent public health interventions to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency in this group
The cumulative effects of chilling and reheating a carbohydrate-based pasta meal on the postprandial glycaemic response: a pilot study
No full textThis pilot study investigated the effects of chilling and reheating a pasta-based meal on
the postprandial glycaemic response. In this single-blind crossover study, 10 healthy
volunteers consumed identical pasta meals (pasta, olive oil and tomato sauce), served
either freshly prepared, chilled or chilled/reheated, on three separate randomised
occasions. Capillary blood samples were taken for two hours postprandially. A
significant difference in glucose Incremental Area Under the Curve (IAUC) was
observed (p = 0.006), with the greatest difference observed between the freshly cooked
and chilled/reheated meals (p = 0.041). Significant differences in incremental peak
glucose were also observed (p = 0.018). These results suggest that making simple
changes to domestic food processing methods can reduce the glycaemic excursion
following a pasta meal, with the potential for health benefit
Association Loss for Visual Object Detection
No full textConvolutional neural network (CNN) is a popular
choice for visual object detection where two sub-nets are often used to achieve object classification and localization separately. However, the intrinsic relation between the localization and classification sub-nets was not exploited explicitly for object
detection. In this letter, we propose a novel association loss, namely, the proxy squared error (PSE) loss, to entangle the two
sub-nets, thus use the dependency between the classification and localization scores obtained from these two sub-nets to improve the detection performance. We evaluate our proposed loss on the MS-COCO dataset and compare it with the loss in a recent baseline, i.e. the fully convolutional one-stage (FCOS) detector. The results show that our method can improve the AP from 33:8 to 35:4 and AP75 from 35:4 to 37:8, as compared with the FCOS
baseline
CrystalDraw: A Computer Model to Model Crystal Structures, Axial and Planar Channelling Directions and Crystal Alignment For Channelling Experiments
No full textTo aid the understanding of crystallographic concepts, a C# computer programme “CrystalDraw” has been written to produce models of crystal structures and their associated axial and planar channelling directions in three-dimensions and to generate their corresponding two-dimensional projections. Visualisation of the models using specially written macros within Paraview illustrates how to orient and manipulate crystals for channelling measurements and guide interpretations of collected channelling data
The Structure of ³³Si and the magicity of the N=20 gap at Z=14
No full textThe structure of
³³Si
was studied by a one-neutron knockout reaction from a
³⁴Si
beam at 98.5 MeV/u incident on a
9
Be
target. The prompt
γ
rays following the de-excitation of
³³Si
were detected using the GRETINA
γ
-ray tracking array while the reaction residues were identified on an event-by-event basis in the focal plane of the S800 spectrometer at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. The presently derived spectroscopic factor values,
C
2
S
, for the
3
/
2
+
and
1
/
2
+
states, corresponding to a neutron removal from the
0
d
3
/
2
and
1
s
1
/
2
orbitals, agree with shell model calculations and point to a strong
N
=
20
shell closure. Three states arising from the more bound
0
d
5
/
2
orbital are proposed, one of which is unbound by about 930 keV. The sensitivity of this experiment has also confirmed a weak population of
9
/
2
−
and
11
/
2
−
1
,
2
final states, which originate from a higher-order process. This mechanism may also have populated, to some fraction, the
3
/
2
−
and
7
/
2
−
negative-parity states, which hinders a determination of the
C
2
S
values for knockout from the normally unoccupied
1
p
3
/
2
and
0
f
7
/
2
orbits
Use of amount-of-substance terminology and equations in field desorption theory
No full textThis note proposes that the theories of field evaporation and field desorption, as used
in atom-probe microscopy and related atomic-level contexts, should be consistently
formulated in terms of a set of "seven-dimensional (7-D)" formulae and equations
that involve the physical quantity "amount of substance", but make use of an atomiclevel
constant effectively equal to "one atom" (or, more generally, "one entity"). It is
argued that the term "count" should be introduced as an alternative name (more
suited to atomic-level contexts) for the quantity "amount of substance". For field
evaporation/desorption theories, relevant definitions and formulae are proposed, and
compared with the "six-dimensional" system (based on the dimensionless quantity
"number of atoms/entities") sometimes used in the literature. Advantages of using a
7-D system are noted. It is argued that there is also an increasing need for a
comprehensive system of official nomenclature for atomic-level constants and units,
for all three of the extensive quantities "mass", "electric charge" and "amount of
substance". It is also argued that, in the longer term, considerations of the kind being
proposed here for field evaporation/desorption theories might usefully be applied
more generally in atomic-level rate theory
Managing collecting or remarketing channels: different choice for cannibalisation in remanufacturing outsourcing
No full textCannibalisation is still a concern for original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) when they outsource remanufacturing operations to the authorised remanufacturers (ARs). In dealing with the cannibalisation in remanufacturing outsourcing, many OEMs (such as Sun, Apple, Hewlett Packard, Bosch Tools, and Gateway) use core collecting or remanufactured product remarketing. Motivated by examples from industry, we develop two models in which an OEM produces new products but outsources remanufacturing operations to a AR. The two potential strategies for dealing with the cannibalisation from remanufacturing outsourcing are: (1) collecting used cores from consumers, or (2) remarketing all remanufactured products to consumers. Among other results, we find that minimising cannibalisation problems does not equate with maximising profits. In particular, if the collection cost coefficient is not pronounced, the aggressive response by the OEM can effectively minimise the cannibalisation problems, but will reduce the profitability for the OEM on the other hand. Further, as the collection cost coefficient is moderate, remarketing remanufactured products can secure Pareto improvements. As such, we suggest that, practising managers should combine the cannibalisation problems of remanufacturing with the costs of collecting used cores
Foodwork and Foodcare in Hard Times: Mothering, Value and Values
No full textIn this paper we analyse the foodwork of mothers when feeding their families on low and reduced incomes. By exploring their accounts of food shopping and household budgeting, we argue that foodwork is intrinsically linked to other areas of social life and dominant values associated with ‘good mothering’. Through a careful consideration of the contexts and relations in which foodwork is valued, embedded and made meaningful we draw two key conclusions. First, we find that mothers’ foodwork is oriented towards avoiding devaluation and maintaining a level of respectability as opposed to accumulating cultural capital. Second, we introduce the concept of foodcare arguing that it potentially offers low income mothers an alternative to the logic of capital for their demonstration of self worth
Regularized Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics
No full textWhile the treatment of conical intersections in molecular dynamics generally requires
nonadiabatic approaches, the Born-Oppenheimer adiabatic approximation is still adopted
as a valid alternative in certain circumstances. In the context of Mead-Truhlar minimal
coupling, this paper presents a new closure of the nuclear Born-Oppenheimer equation,
thereby leading to a molecular dynamics scheme capturing geometric phase effects. Specifically, a semiclassical closure of the nuclear Ehrenfest dynamics is obtained through a convenient prescription for the nuclear Bohmian trajectories. The conical intersections
are suitably regularized in the resulting nuclear particle motion and the associated
Lorentz force involves a smoothened Berry curvature identifying a loop-dependent geometric
phase. In turn, this geometric phase rapidly reaches the usual topological index
as the loop expands away from the original singularity. This feature reproduces the phenomenology
appearing in recent exact nonadiabatic studies, as shown explicitly in the Jahn-Teller problem for linear vibronic coupling. Likewise, a newly proposed regularization
of the diagonal correction term is also shown to reproduce quite faithfully the energy
surface presented in recent nonadiabatic studies
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