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Correlation and spatial concordance between cleptoparasitic and non-parasitic bee assemblages across urban nature reserves within Rome (Italy)
No full text1. Wild bees play a crucial role in pollination, yet their populations are declining world-
wide. Monitoring bee diversity is important for their conservation, but traditional
species identification is challenging and time-consuming, particularly in regions with
high species richness and limited taxonomic expertise.
2. A potential approach to facilitate the monitoring of bee populations is to focus on a
representative subset of bee taxa that reflects overall bee diversity. Here, we tested
whether cleptoparasitic bees—characterised by distinct morphology, dependence
on host species and sensitivity to environmental disturbances—exhibit spatial con-
cordance and correlated diversity with non-parasitic bee assemblages across eight
urban nature reserves of a large Mediterranean metropolis (Rome, Italy).
3. Sampling was carried out along fifteen standardised transects between April and
September 2022. Shannon diversity index was used to quantify landscape hetero-
geneity within the area surrounding each transect.
4. Observed and estimated diversity indices of non-parasitic bees showed a significant
positive relationship with cleptoparasitic bee species richness, whereas community-
level concordance between the two groups was weak, showing no association in
species turnover and only marginal alignment in their spatial configurations. Both
cleptoparasitic and non-parasitic bee species richness increased with landscape het-
erogeneity, with a stronger response observed for cleptoparasitic bees.
5. This work suggested that cleptoparasitic bee species richness reflects the overall
bee diversity even in urban environments, where they are typically less abundant
and potentially more susceptible to landscape homogeneity, though not reliably
indicating community composition
I giovani per costruire e custodire la pace. L’esperienza del progetto Islands 4 Future (Prin 2022) nelle piccole isole italiane
No full textLa biblioteca del Fondo Carla Poesio tra ricerca e public engagement
No full textIl contributo inquadra le potenzialità del Fondo Carla Poesio presente al Museo della Scuola e dell'Educazione "Mauro Laeng" (MuSEd) dell'Università degli Studi di Roma Tre dal 2019 soprattutto in relazione alle attività di Terza Missione e di public engagement. Il Fondo contiene circa 2700 opere tra romanzi e racconti per bambini e ragazzi, raccolte di fiabe, albi illustrati, testi di divulgazione scientifica per lo più editi a partire dagli anni Settanta e Ottanta del Novecento: come fondo di persona, sin dalla sua collocazione ha rappresentato un efficace spazio di formazione nell’ambito di iniziative diversificate rivolte a un pubblico eterogeneo sia di studenti universitari in scienze dell’educazione, sia di insegnanti e educatori in servizio, che sono stati coinvolti in esperienze immersive di contatto con i libri
Magnetic-field Order in the Southwestern Rim of RCW 86 Constrained Using X-Ray Polarimetry
No full textRCW 86 is a supernova remnant whose origin has recently been linked to an off-center explosion within a cavity created by its progenitor star. In the southwestern region, the forward shock is thought to have reached the cavity wall, encountering diverse environmental conditions. We report on the spatially resolved X-ray polarimetric observation of RCW 86 with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). In the 2-4.5 keV energy band we find no significant detection of polarization. Employing a dedicated background subtraction procedure and Bayesian spectropolarimetric fitting, we derive 99% upper limits on the polarization degree of the synchrotron component: 15% in higher-statistics regions and 30%-40% in lower-statistics regions. These upper limits on the polarization degree in several regions exclude the possibility of a strongly coherent magnetic field down to the subparsec scale, and that of a moderately coherent one on the scale of the synchrotron features as resolved by IXPE. The results indicate that the shocks in the southwestern rim of RCW 86 propagate more slowly than the unshocked ejecta at their locations, yet exceed the measured proper motion speeds. This behavior is consistent with reflected shocks occurring in tenuous regions of the shocked ejecta, distinct from regions that are radio-bright
New Essays on the Platonic Tradition
No full textThis book honours the scholarly contributions of Paul Kalligas through a collection of essays that explore the diverse dimensions of the Platonic tradition. It investigates central questions: How did interpretations of Plato’s thought evolve across institutional, dogmatic, and inspirational frameworks? What role did Plotinus play in systematising Platonism, and how did his work engage with earlier philosophical discourse? Spanning the Presocratics to late antiquity, the essays provide fresh perspectives on Plato’s metaphysics, Aristotle’s critical engagement with his master, and the Neoplatonic synthesis of classical thought. Anchored by Kalligas’ seminal scholarship on the Enneads, this volume represents a significant advancement in the study of ancient philosophy. It is an indispensable read for scholars of Platonism and the history of ideas
Data-driven optimization of energy-efficient metro timetables accounting for operational deviations
No full textTrain traction energy constitutes a substantial portion (typically 40-60%) of total energy consumption in metro systems, making energy-efficient timetable optimization a crucial strategy for sustainable urban rail operations. Although existing studies have demonstrated theoretical potential in this field, their practical impact remains limited due to the common neglect of deviations between scheduled and actual timetables. This study presents a novel three-phase data-driven framework to bridge this gap. First, we establish a machine learning-enhanced simulation system to accurately reproduce actual timetables from scheduled timetables by incorporating dwell time estimation models. Second, we propose a data-driven energy calculation methodology to precisely quantify total energy consumption under real-world operating conditions. Third, a simulation-based optimization algorithm is designed to improve the energy efficiency of the operator-provided timetable through iterative refinement. Unlike prior stochastic models, our approach directly leverages real-world operational data for both timetable deviations and per-section energy profiles. Numerical experiments on a northern Chinese metro line demonstrate a simulated traction energy reduction of 5.2% (5,735 kWh), with field implementation confirming actual energy savings of 3.04% (2,646 kWh). The study provides metro operators with a replicable framework for sustainable timetable optimization, demonstrating both methodological innovation and practical energy savings
Tecnologie digitali nei servizi sociali e sociosanitari: la prospettiva degli enti no-profit e la percezione del punto di vista dei cittadini
No full textShifting tin imports into the broader Eastern Mediterranean region during the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (ca. 2000-900 BC)
No full textCataloguing, Metadata, and Generative AI. Early Experiences and Future Perspectives
No full textL’articolo affronta l’intersezione tra intelligenza artificiale generativa (AI) e l’ambito catalografico e di gestione dei metadati, valutando in che modo i modelli linguistici di grandi dimensioni (LLM) possano supportare la catalogazione e la creazione di metadati, rispettando i vincoli posti dalle architetture formali della conoscenza.
Nella prima sezione, l’articolo analizza l’evoluzione dei paradigmi di catalogazione, dal formato MARC ai Linked Open Data (LOD), sottolineando il passaggio da record rigidi a modelli semantici basati su entità, come FRBR, RDA e BI-BFRAME. La seconda sezione tratta del conflitto epistemologico tra gli standard di metadatazione formalizzati e basati su regole (l’“architetto”) e i sistemi di intelligenza artificiale generativa, per loro natura prevalentemente non deterministici e probabilistici (l’“oracolo”). Per risolvere tale conflitto, vengono prese in esame tre strategie per integrare l’AI nei flussi di lavoro bibliografici:
1) sistemi di AI specializzati, addestrati esclusivamente su dataset controllati e di alta qualità;
2) modelli di tipo Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), che combinano LLM e basi di conoscenza autorevoli;
3) LLM di nuova generazione potenziati da modelli di ragionamento, input multimodali, finestre contestuali estese e modelli locali di piccola/media scala con fine tuning, per allineare gli output generativi agli standard di metadatazione.
ra le principali criticità vengono evidenziati fenomeni di allucinazione, scarsità di dati nei corpora bibliografici e obso-lescenza degli esperimenti basati su MARC. L’articolo invita alla cautela rispetto ai tentativi di adattare l’AI a modelli di dati superati, promuovendo invece l’allineamento con i LOD e con il Library Reference Model (LRM) dell’IFLA. Vengono infine discusse le implicazioni etiche (bias, trasparenza, alfabetizzazione all’AI) e il potenziale dei modelli SLM/MSLM locali per applicazioni che richiedono maggiore tutela della privacy.The article deals with the intersection of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and bibliographic/metadata practices, assessing how large language models (LLMs) can support cataloguing and metadata creation while navigating the constraints of formal knowledge architectures. In the first section, the article discusses the evolution of cataloguing paradigms from MARC to Linked Open Data (LOD), emphasizing the shift from rigid records to semantic, entity-based models like FRBR, RDA, and BIBFRAME. The second section deals with the epistemological clash between deterministic, rule-based metadata standards (the "architect") and probabilistic, generative AI systems (the "oracle").
Three strategies are proposed for integrating AI into bibliographic workflows:
1) Specialized AI systems trained exclusively on controlled, high-quality datasets.
2) Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), blending LLMs with authoritative knowledge bases.
3) Next-generation LLMs enhanced via reasoning models, multimodal inputs, expanded context windows, and small/medium-scale local models to align generative outputs with metadata standards.
Key challenges include hallucinations, data sparsity in bibliographic corpora, and the obsolescence of MARC-centric experiments. The article argues for caution against retrofitting AI onto outdated data models, urging alignment with LOD and IFLA’s Library Reference Model (LRM). Ethical considerations (bias, transparency, AI literacy) and the potential of local SLMs/MSLMs for privacy-sensitive applications are highlighted