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Broadening the applicability of local completeness analysis with intensional and extensional guarantees
No full textLocal Completeness Logic (LCL) is a proof system for program analysis rooted in abstract interpretation. The program semantics is under-approximated by any provable postcondition, like incorrectness logic does, but it is also over-approximated by a (locally) complete abstraction of such a postcondition, like Hoare logic does. Therefore, any derivable triple will either prove the program to be correct or unveil true bugs. While the completeness of a program's function with respect to an abstract domain is inherently extensional, LCL's rules demand the preservation of local completeness throughout the abstract interpreter's computations. This characteristic renders LCL analysis intensional, meaning it depends on the way the program is written. Consequently, LCL proof system may not derive all the valid triples. This paper addresses this discrepancy by: 1) designing new rules that allow one to perform part of the intensional analysis in different (complete) abstract domains whenever necessary; and 2) to compare their expressiveness. Notably, some of these new rules enable the derivation of all extensionally valid triples, thereby decoupling the set of provable properties from the way the program is written
The dynamics of microbiological groundwater contamination in the earth critical zone and impact on human health: the DY.MI.CR.ON Project.
No full textAn investigation into Caused Motion constructions with configurational motion verbs in southeastern Basilicata
No full textThis paper focuses on Italian Caused Motion constructions with the configurational motion verbs salire, scendere, entrare, and uscire which, although not part of the standard language, are widely used in some varieties of regional Italian. In detail, we investigate the ongoing standardisation of these constructions in regional Italian spoken in two towns of Basilicata, in southern Italy, and explore the effect of object animacy and sociolinguistic variables on their acceptability. Our findings show that acceptability is influenced by the semantic properties of the object noun, albeit with variations depending on individual verb. Addition- ally, a sociolinguistic analysis of the data suggests that fluent dialect speakers play a crucial role in the spread of these constructions
Un algoritmo di determinazione dello zero di profondità in misure di tensioni residue con metodo del foro su materiali non conduttivi
No full textObiettivo
Gli errori riscontrati nelle misurazioni delle tensioni residue mediante il metodo del foro sono comunemente classificati in left errors e right errors, a seconda che influenzino prevalentemente la matrice di calibrazione o le letture delle deformazioni, rispettivamente. I left errors derivano principalmente da fattori quali imprecisioni nell'eccentricità e nella profondità del foro, mentre i right errors sono tipicamente attribuibili a sorgenti come il rumore elettrico e le tensioni residue indotte dalla foratura stessa. Tra i left errors, l'incertezza associata alla rilevazione della profondità zero riveste un ruolo cruciale nella determinazione dell'accuratezza dei valori di tensione residua in superficie. Nei materiali metallici, il contatto elettrico tra la fresa e il componente permette di identificare la posizione di zero; tuttavia, questa strategia non è applicabile ai materiali non conduttivi. Nel presente lavoro viene presentata una tecnica alternativa per questa classe di materiali.
Metodi
È stato realizzato mediante manifattura additiva un provino in PLA precurvato che, una volta riportato alla planarità tramite vincoli alle estremità, genera una distribuzione nota di tensioni di natura flessionale lungo il suo spessore. Le tensioni residue sono state misurate con il metodo del foro sia nella configurazione iniziale che in quella vincolata, al fine di isolare le tensioni flessionali prodotte dal vincolamento. L’algoritmo proposto è stato applicato a entrambi i casi.
Risultati
L’applicazione dell’algoritmo consente di ricostruire le tensioni in superficie con un'accuratezza significativamente superiore rispetto a quella ottenibile identificando manualmente il punto di zero mediante osservazioni dirette. Grazie alla tecnica proposta, la tensione viene correttamente identificata a tutti gli step incrementali di foratura.
Conclusioni
Considerato il grande interesse industriale nella misura delle tensioni residue nei materiali plastici (e quindi non conduttivi), l’algoritmo proposto automatizza la determinazione di un parametro altrimenti difficilmente identificabile, riducendo il rischio di errori significativi nella ricostruzione delle tensioni in superficie
Experimental study on pool boiling performance of low GWP fluids
No full textPool boiling heat transfer plays a crucial role in cooling systems for power
electronics, nuclear reactors, data centers, and lithium-ion batteries, where effective heat
dissipation is essential to prevent overheating and ensure operational safety and longevity.
In the last decades, research has mostly focused on perfluorocarbons, such as FC-72, a
commercial version of perfluorohexane with a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 9000
and hydrofluoreheters. However, there is an ongoing shift toward alternative refrigerants
with lower GWP values. This study experimentally investigates pool boiling heat transfer
on a smooth aluminium alloy substrate using low-GWP dielectric fluids. The objective is to
contribute to the literature by providing a database on the pool boiling performance of
lower GWP fluids in comparison with FC-72. The working fluids under investigation are:
Novec-649, HFE-7100, TMC-49, and OpteonTM SF33, all suitable for heat transfer
applications in direct electronics cooling. Despite similar thermal properties of the fluids,
boiling curves differentiate for both Critical Heat Flux and superheat values
Search for CP violation in decays using triple and quadruple products
No full textWe perform the first search for CP violation in Ds+→KS0K−π+π+ decays. We use a combined data set from the Belle and Belle II experiments, which study e+e− collisions at center-of-mass energies at or near the Υ(4S) resonance. We use 980 fb−1 of data from Belle and 428 fb−1 of data from Belle II. We measure six CP-violating asymmetries that are based on triple products and quadruple products of the momenta of final-state particles, and also the particles’ helicity angles. We obtain a precision at the level of 0.5% for D+→KS0K−π+π+ decays, and better than 0.3% for Ds+→KS0K−π+π+ decays. No evidence of CP violation is found. Our results for the triple-product asymmetries are the most precise to date for singly-Cabibbo-suppressed D+ decays. Our results for the other asymmetries are the first such measurements performed for charm decays
Development and Validation of a Low-Cost DAQ for the Detection of Soil Bulk Electrical Conductivity and Encoding of Visual Data
No full textElectromagnetic induction (EMI) devices have become increasingly popular for their soil bulk properties, soil nutrient status, and use in taking non-invasive soil salinity measurements. However, the high cost of data acquisition (DAQ) systems has been a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of these devices. In this study, we addressed this challenge by developing a cost-effective, easy-to-use, open-source DAQ system, transferable to the end user. This system employs a Raspberry Pi 4 model, paired with various components, to monitor the speed and position of the EM38 (Geonics Ltd, Mississauga, ON, Canada) and compare these with a proprietary CR1000 system. Through our results, we demonstrate that the low-cost DAQ system can successfully extract the analogical signal from the device, which is strongly responsive to the variation in the soil’s physical properties. This cost-effective system is characterized by increased flexibility in software processes and provides performance comparable to the proprietary system in terms of its geospatial data and ECb measurements. This was validated by the strong correlation (R2 = 0.98) observed between the data collected from both systems. With our zoning analysis, performed using the Kriging technique, we revealed not only similar patterns in the ECb data but also similar patterns to the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) map, suggesting that soil physical characteristics contribute to variability in crop vigor. Furthermore, the developed web application enabled real-time data monitoring and visualization. These findings highlight that the open-source DAQ system is a viable, cost-effective alternative for soil property monitoring in precision farming. Future enhancements will focus on integrating additional sensors for plant vigor and soil temperature, as well as refining the web application, supporting zone classification based on the use of multiple parameters
The relationship between milk yield and animal welfare in dairy cattle farms evaluated with ClassyFarm protocol
No full textConsumer interest in animal welfare has grown considerably in recent decades, leading to the development of standardised tools for the evaluation of welfare conditions on farms. In Italy, a standardised tool has been developed by the Italian Centre of Reference for Animal Welfare, and it is called ‘ClassyFarm protocol’. It is used to categorise farms based on risk, focusing on four key areas: animal welfare, biosecurity, antimicrobial usage, and antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to assess the multiple effects on average milk yield of: (i) the different areas of the Animal Welfare Score (Area A, B, C, D), (ii) Total Welfare Score assessed by the ClassyFarm protocol in dairy cattle farms located in Tuscany, central Italy. A total of 33 dairy farms, housing 2.576 lactating cows (Italian Holstein Friesian, Brown Swiss, Jersey and Crossbreed cows) and employing cubicle, open-bedded, or outdoor-access housing systems, were included in the study. A regression tree analysis was conducted to assess the influence of the ClassyFarm scores with milk yield. Farms were then grouped according to the regression results, and differences were analysed using ANOVA. The analysis revealed that farms with a Total Welfare Score above 73.6 produced significantly higher milk quantity (27.3 L/day) than those scoring below this threshold (21.2 L/day). Key drivers of this difference included animal-based measures such as human-animal interaction, body condition score, animal cleanliness, incidence of injuries, as well as litter and milking hygiene. In conclusion, the study demonstrates a positive association between ClassyFarm scores and milk yield