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Optimizing Herbicide Use in Fodder Crops with Low-Cost Remote Sensing and Variable Rate Technology
Get PDFAbstract: The current Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) foresees a reduction of 50% in the
use of herbicides by 2030. This study investigates the potential of integrating remote sensing
with a low-cost RGB sensor and variable-rate technology (VRT) to optimize herbicide
application in a ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) fodder crop. The trial was conducted on
three 7.5-hectare plots, comparing a variable-rate application (VRA) of herbicide guided by
a prescription map generated from segmented digital images, with a fixed-rate application
(FRA) and a control (no herbicide applied). The weed population and crop biomass were
assessed to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed method. Results revealed that the
VRA method reduced herbicide usage by 30% (0.22 l ha−1) compared to the FRA method,
while maintaining comparable crop production. These findings demonstrate that smart
weed management techniques can contribute to the CAP’s sustainability goals by reducing
chemical inputs and promoting efficient crop production. Future research will focus on
improving weed recognition accuracy and expanding this methodology to other cropping
systems
Serum miRNAs as biomarkers in Neurofibromatosis 1: New promising findings
No full textObjective: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a neurocutaneous genetic disorder caused by dominant mutations in the NF1 gene and characterized by increased susceptibility to develop benign and malignant tumors. The type of NF1 mutation, the expression of gene modifiers as well as epigenetic factors correlate with the clinical heterogeneity. In this regard microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Compelling evidence shows that circulating miRNAs mirror pathophysiological conditions, thus emerging as potential biomarkers for human diseases. To date, the role of circulating miRNAs in NF1 has been poorly investigated. We aimed to study serum miRNA profiling as novel non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for NF1 disease. Methods: The profile of circulating miRNAs in a monocentric cohort of 126 NF1 patients was carried out by a pooling approach of small non-coding RNA sequencing and validation analysis by Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR. Results: sncRNA-seq analysis of pooled serum samples identified 87 differentially expressed miRNAs in NF1 patients compared to healthy controls. qRT-PCR validation confirmed a distinctive circulating miRNA signature in NF1, with significant upregulation of miR-100-5p, miR-16-2-3p, miR-4508, and miR-885-5p and downregulation of miR-107 and miR-4433b-5p. Hierarchical clustering based on these six miRNAs effectively discriminated NF1 subjects from controls, and network analysis revealed their involvement in key cancer-related pathways, including ERK/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and mTOR signaling. Interpretation: Our study identified a distinct circulating miRNA signature of six miRNAs that reliably differentiates NF1 patients from non-affected individuals. These miRNAs are implicated in regulating NF1 downstream pathways and signaling processes involved in tumorigenesis
Using citizens recorded videos to estimate water surface velocity and dischargefor urban flash flood monitoring
No full textComunità, conflitti, territorializzazioni ai margini. L’emersione di uno spazio sacro islamico a Bari
No full textThis article explores the territorialization and visibility of Islam in Bari, focusing on mosques and the ritual practices of Muslim migrants. It examines the emergence of the al-Ummah mosque and the dynamics of interethnic convergence, emphasizing the growing presence of Bangladeshi migrants. The article also considers the expansion of Islamic spaces, public rituals, and com-mercial activities, highlighting the role of mobility from small towns in Puglia and Basilicata in shaping the Islamic landscape in the cit
Nuclear functional role of metabolic enzymes and related metabolites: Focus on gene expression regulation
No full textBackground: Many biological processes from physiological development to different pathological conditions are closely linked to dynamic energetic metabolism and its dysregulations. Mounting evidence shows that metabolic rewiring allows cells to adapt to stress conditions, changes in extracellular cues, and nutritional fluctuations in a timely and precise manner by modulating gene expression. Recent studies reveal non-strictly metabolic functions of metabolic enzymes and related metabolites often confined to the nucleus. Indeed, beyond the diffusion of metabolites through nuclear pores, several metabolic enzymes translocate to the nucleus during cellular differentiation, macrophage activation, tumorigenesis, and so on. Scope of review: This review aims to outline recent advances in the nuclear functions of metabolic enzymes, focusing on gene expression regulation through transcription factors and epigenetic mechanisms. Major conclusions: The nuclear localization of metabolic enzymes and metabolites underlines the dual role of metabolism as both a driver and a controller of cellular processes by linking energy metabolism directly to gene expression and cellular reprogramming. The main involvement of respiratory enzymes in nuclear functions suggests a ready interplay between energy status and transcriptional regulation. We trust that these insights will contribute to a more extensive knowledge of the cellular and nuclear landscape and could inspire future investigations on metabolic-mediated gene regulation mechanisms with the aim of developing more effective therapies against diseases
Formulation of Topical Antioxidant Creams with Hydroxycitrate or Aglianico Del Vulture Red Wine Extract for the In Vitro Prevention of Blue Light-Induced Oxidative Stress
No full textThis study presents the formulation of two natural antioxidant creams based on an oil-in-water emulsion system, incorporating either hydroxycitrate (HCA) from Garcinia cambogia (Gaertn.) or red wine powder (RWP) derived from Aglianico del Vulture red wine (Vitis vinifera L.). HCA, a derivative of citric acid, and RWP, rich in polyphenolic compounds,
were chosen for their bioactive properties. The creams underwent a series of in vitro tests
to assess their stability, cytocompatibility, and antioxidant properties. Cellular assays
using HaCaT keratinocytes showed that both formulations were effective in reducing blue
light-induced oxidative damage
Search for New Physics in Jet Multiplicity Patterns of Multilepton Events at sqrt(s)=13 TeV
No full textA first search for beyond the standard model physics in jet multiplicity patterns of multilepton events is presented, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb-1 of 13 TeV proton-proton collisions recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC. The search uses observed jet multiplicity distributions in one-, two-, and four-lepton events to explore possible enhancements in jet production rate in three-lepton events with and without bottom quarks. The data are found to be consistent with the standard model expectation. The results are interpreted in terms of supersymmetric production of electroweak chargino-neutralino superpartners with cascade decays terminating in prompt hadronic R-parity violating interactions
Measurement of Zero-Frequency Fluctuations Generated by Coupling between Alfvén Modes in the JET Tokamak
No full textWe report the first experimental detection of a zero-frequency fluctuation that is pumped by an Alfvén mode in a magnetically confined plasma. Core-localized Alfvén modes of frequency inside the toroidicity-induced gap (and its harmonics) exhibit three-wave coupling interactions with a zero-frequency fluctuation. The observation of the zero-frequency fluctuation is consistent with theoretical and numerical predictions of zonal modes pumped by Alfvén modes, and is correlated with an increase in the deep core ion temperature, temperature gradient, confinement factor H89,P, and a reduction in the main ion heat diffusivity. Despite the energetic particle transport induced by the Alfvén eigenmodes, the generation of a zero-frequency fluctuation that can suppress the turbulence leads to an overall improvement of confinement