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E r measurements in JET L-mode plasmas for a wide range of densities—from the low-recycling regime up to the density limit
No full textThis study investigates the dependence of the radial electric field (Er) on the line-averaged density in JET L-mode plasmas, utilizing Doppler backscattering measurements. Density ramp discharges up to the density limit are analyzed to investigate the physical processes that determine the edge Er profile. At low densities, the Er profile at the midplane exhibits a pronounced peak in the near scrape-off layer (SOL) and a shallow well inside the separatrix. As density increases, the SOL Er peak diminishes quickly and the Er well deepens until a Greenwald fraction of fGW ≈ 0.8, followed by a slight reduction near the density limit. Our findings indicate that no collapse of edge flow shear occurs prior to the density limit onset, within a time scale of 10 ms. The Er at the divertor target does not appear to play a significant role in the density limit as it is only significant in the low recycling regime, not changing appreciably above fGW ≈ 0.35. A steep edge density gradient persists up to fGW ≈ 0.95 with the density limit disruption onset coinciding roughly with a reduction in the pedestal top density. The edge E × B shear appears to be sufficient to maintain a steep density gradient region near the density limit. Finally, it is shown that the density limit is not due to a reduction in the shear induced by oscillating flows, as the amplitude of the geodesic acoustic modes vanishes around fGW ≈ 0.5
The Embodied Cognition paradigm: A novel approach to advancing Human-Robot Collaboration research
No full textRecent developments in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) have moved beyond reactive, preprogrammed robot responses, aiming instead for collaborative systems where robots actively anticipate and adapt to human actions. By integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI), robots can now interpret a range of human signals, enhancing the naturalness of interactions and making communication in industrial environments more intuitive. This evolution has expanded research to consider the cognitive aspects of robots. In industrial contexts, Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) in shared physical workspaces has been extensively studied from the perspective of the human operator. However, there is a notable lack of research on the mutual cognition in interaction between humans and robots, who can act as a whole, intelligent system. This paper aims to explore the ontological foundations first and, then, the epistemological knowledge regarding the emerging patterns of evolved forms of HRC in industrial contexts involving physically shared workspaces. Starting from the concept of embodied cognition, the authors introduce and define the Human-Robot Embodiment (HRE) paradigm. HRE descriptors allow for evaluating, both in the design and operations, the degree of mutual embodiment. Also, the HRE approach benefits are discussed in terms of workplace safety and ergonomics, task performance, and reliability
CONOSCENZA E STRATEGIE PROGETTUALI PER IL RECUPERO, RIQUALIFICAZIONE E RIUSO DEL BORGO TACCONE A IRSINA, IN BASILICATA, ITALIA
No full textThe article presents part of a broad, multidisciplinary research project focused on knowledge-based strategies for the revitalization of heritage in inner and fragile areas in Italy. It concentrates on the case study of the small historical urban
center with rural character of Taccone in Irsina (MT), designed by engineer Plinio Marconi during the land reform efforts in
the second half of the 20th century. Through a comprehensive understanding of architectural, urban, and environmental phenomena,
the research aims to outline a replicable model of knowledge and intervention for other small urban center facing similar
challenges. In Italy, 229 small historical urban centers have been identified as fragile pushed to the brink of abandonment due
to hydrogeological and geomorphological instability. The objective is to propose strategies for safeguarding and reusing these sites from a landscape, geological, urban, structural, and architectural perspective, all while adhering to sustainability principles.
It also envisions new usages for these areas beyond their original intended functions. Taccone does not present such severe
geological instability as to require costly or invasive interventions. Marconi’s plan, only partially realized, was intended to offer
farmers a new way of life connected to the land. Beginning in the 1960s, however, the rise of industrial modernity led to the
gradual depopulation of such urban centers in favor of city life. Nowadays, Taccone draws the attention of photographers, researchers, and enthusiasts. Among the remaining key structures are a school, post office, the Church of San Giuseppe Lavoratore, and a train station. The mentioned urban center still retains a captivating atmosphere, filled with traces of the lives of those who never left. The proposed model includes actions supported by an original territorial information system. This tool, powered by a dynamic database, is essential for planning targeted interventions aimed at reusing the built environment effectively
Fortificazioni epirote a Monte Coppola? Nuove proposte interpretative e alcune riflessioni a margine sulla spedizione di Alessandro il Molosso e su Pandosìa “lucana”
No full textComparison between Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Torulaspora delbrueckii used in sequential wine fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae
No full textIntroduction: The interest toward the use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in the winemaking process has been increasing because it has been demonstrated that they can contribute positively to the quality of wines; however, there is a gap in the literature on holistic approaches showing the effective contribution of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in sequential fermentations. Methods and results: Two commercial strains of Metschnikowia pulcherrima (Mp) and Torulaspora delbrueckii (Td) were used in sequential fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc). The fermentations were monitored by evaluating cell viable counts, ethanol, glycerol, acids, amino acids, phenols, total antioxidant activity, total polysaccharides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The results for amino acids pointed out after 2 days a lower utilization of amino acids by Sc per million of cells than Mp and Td; moreover, yeasts had a different preference hit. There were no significant differences in the final ethanol and glycerol content; however, the sequential fermentation Mp/Sc led to a significant decrease in malic acid levels, while the Td/Sc sequential fermentation resulted in a significantly lower acetic acid levels (13 mg/L vs 95–102 mg/L) and a higher phenol reduction. Finally, VOCs analysis showed differences in some compounds both after 2 days or at the end of fermentation (esters, and ketones, among others). Finally, both sequential fermentations resulted in a higher amount of polysaccharides. Conclusion: The findings of this research provide a basis for ensuring better management of sequential wine fermentation, and a possible approach for trials and data management
Personalized or Standard Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The PARTHENOPE Randomized Trial
No full textBackground: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) is recommended for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), although its optimal duration remains uncertain. Objectives: The authors performed a randomized trial comparing a personalized duration of DAPT, based on a risk score, for 3, 6, or 24 months with a standard duration of DAPT for 12 months after PCI. Methods: We randomly assigned 2,107 patients undergoing PCI to receive either a personalized or a standard DAPT. The primary endpoint was a net adverse clinical event (NACE) at 24 months, defined as the composite of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, stroke, urgent target vessel revascularization, or type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding according to the Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria. Results: At 24 months, NACE occurred in 196 of 1,055 patients (18.6%) in the personalized DAPT group and in 232 of 1,052 patients (22.2%) in the standard DAPT group (difference, 3.54 percentage points; 95% CI: −6.99 to −0.99; P = 0.040). This difference was mainly related to decreased rates of myocardial infarction (difference, −2.29 percentage points; 95% CI: −4.43 to −0.14) and urgent target vessel revascularization (difference, −1.30 percentage points; 95% CI: −2.55 to −0.05). Bleeding occurred at similar rates between the 2 groups (difference, −0.41 percentage points; 95% CI: −2.92 to 2.10). Conclusions: In patients undergoing PCI, a personalized DAPT duration from 3 to 24 months based on a clinical risk score led to a lowered risk of NACE than standard care consisting of 12 months of DAPT. (Personalized Vs. Standard Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy and New-generation Polymer-Free vs- Biodegradable-Polymer DES [PARTHENOPE]; NCT04135989
Use of digital elevation models for flood susceptibility assessment via a hydrogeomorphic approach: A case study of the Basento River in Italy
No full textFloods are the most common and threatening natural risk for many countries in the world.
Flood risk mapping is therefore of great importance for managing socio-economic and
environmental impacts. Several researchers have proposed low-complexity and cost-effec-
tive flood mapping solutions that are useful for data scarce environments or at large-scale.
Among these approaches, a line of recent research focuses on hydrogeomorphic methods
that, due to digital elevation models (DEMs), exploit the causality between past flood
events and the hydraulic geometry of floodplains. This study aims to compare the use of
freely-available DEMs to support an advanced hydrogeomorphic method, Geomorphic
Flood Index (GFI), to map flood-prone areas of the Basento River basin (Italy). The five
selected DEMs are obtained from different sources, are characterized by different resolu-
tions, spatial coverage, acquisition process, processing and validation, etc., and include:
(i) HydroSHEDS v.1.1 (resolution 3 arc-seconds), hydrologically conditioned, derived
primarily from STRM (NASA) and characterized by global coverage; (ii) ASTER GDEM
v.3 with a res. of around 30 m (source: METI and NASA) and global coverage; (iii) EU-
DEM v. 1.1 (res. 1 arc-second), Pan-European and combining SRTM and ASTER GDEM,
customized to obtain a consistency with the EU-Hydro and screened to remove artefacts
(source: Copernicus Land Monitoring Service); (iv) TinItaly DEM v. 1.1, (res. 10 m-cell
size grid) and produced and distributed by INGV with coverage of the entire Italian ter-
ritory; (v) Laser Scanner DEM with high resolution (5 m cell size grid) produced on the
basis of Ground e Model Keypoint and available as part of the RSDI geoportal of the
Basilicata Region with coverage at the regional administrative level. The effects of DEMs
on the performance of the GFI calibration on the main reach of the Basento River, and its
validation on one of its mountain tributaries (Gallitello Creek), were evaluated with widely
accepted statistical metrics, i.e., the Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics
(ROC) curve (AUC), Accuracy, Sensitivity and Specificity. Results confirmed the merits
of the GFI in flood mapping using simple watershed characteristics and showed high Accu-
racy (AUC reached a value over 0.9 in all simulations) and low dependency on changes in
the adopted DEMs and standard flood maps (1D and 2D hydraulic models or three return
periods). The EU-DEM was identified as the most suitable data source for supporting GFI
mapping with an AUC > 0.97 in the calibration phase for the main river reach. This may
be due in part to its appropriate resolution for hydrological application but was also due toits customized pre-processing that supported an optimal description of the river network
morphology. Indeed, EU-DEM obtained the highest performances (e.g., Accuracy around
98%) even in the validation phase where better results were expected from the high-resolu-
tion DEM (due to the very small size of Gallitello Creek cross-sections). For other DEMs,
GFI generally showed an increase in metrics performance when, in the calibration phase,
it neglected the floodplains of the river delta, where the standard flood map is produced
using a 2D hydraulic model. However, if the DEMs were hydrologically conditioned with
a relatively simple algorithm that forced the stream flow in the main river network, the
GFI could be applied to the whole Basento watershed, including the delta, with a similar
performanc
