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The architecture of the “neviere” in Matera: the ancient secret of snow conservation
No full textThe "conquest of cold" that took place during the 19th century coincides with the invention of the first domestic refrigeration machine, now commonly known as the refrigerator. This remarkable innovation resulted from numerous experiments and theories, later applied to the design of the first domestic refrigerator with a compression system, patented in 1848 by Jacob Perkins. The invention revolutionized the food system, the perception of taste, and the very relationship with food, shaping a new organization of meals and daily life. In Italy, the refrigerator became widespread in the 1950s thanks to the entrepreneur Giovanni Borghi, becoming an icon of its era and a symbol of the Italian "economic boom". Its diffusion marked the transition from traditional food preservation techniques. In the past, the need for cooling and the enjoyment of cold food and beverages were met using what nature provided: the snow. Beyond its alimentary use, snow was also employed for medical purposes and as a water reserve. The research analyzes the underground city of the Sassi of Matera, focusing on the neviere, hypogeum structures designed for snow preservation through the thermal inertia of the rock. In addition to cataloging the main neviere, the study explores their architectural, functional, constructional, and socio-economic aspects, as well as their historical role in supply and storage systems
On the influence of the choice of the steel degradation law on the modeling of corroded Reinforced Concrete structures
No full textGender disparities in agricultural entrepreneurship: evidence from Italy using FADN data
No full textGender disparities persist in the agricultural sector, particularly in entrepreneurial income, where women earn less than their male counterparts. In the European Union, systemic barriers—such as unequal access to land, capital, and resources—limit women’s economic opportunities, particularly in countries like Italy. Existing studies often overlook entrepreneurial dimensions, focusing instead on dependent labour and wage differences. This study examines the gender gap in entrepreneurial income within Italy’s farm sector. Using “entrepreneurs’ work income” as a metric, it explores how structural inequalities, resource endowments, and regional factors contribute to income disparities between male and female farm holders. The research utilises 2021 Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) data and applies Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition and quantile regression to analyse income differences across the distribution, focusing on the roles of endowments and unexplained factors. The findings reveal a persistent gender gap, with women earning significantly less than men, particularly at higher income levels. The results suggest that structural inequalities in resource allocation are the primary drivers of the gender gap in entrepreneurs’ work income. To promote equity, policies should improve women’s access to land, capital, and high-quality resources while fostering rural economic diversification to reduce reliance on subsistence-level farming. Such interventions would not only support gender equality but also enhance the resilience and sustainability of the agricultural sector
Il Magazzino Concentramento Tabacchi Greggi di Pier Luigi Nervi a Lecce: primordio del miracolo costruttivo ed economico italiano
No full textRemote maintenance strategy of the volumetric neutron source shielding blanket
Get PDFA feasibility study of a new testing facility, i.e. the volumetric neutron source, VNS, in a tokamak configuration was initiated in 2023 and it is now under way with the purpose of addressing potential showstoppers. Key outcomes of the engineering activities are presented at this conference. The main goal of the VNS is to provide a realistic environment to test the in-vessel components of fusion reactors, in particular the tritium breeding blanket. The lessons learned during previous years of DEMO development point to the need for a thorough nuclear design integration already at level of the basic machine design, hence the issues related to the maintenance of the in-vessel components have been addressed at a basic level. The work presented here describes the remote maintenance strategy for VNS blankets, which is an adaptation of the concept proposed for DEMO. Consistent with the initial requirements of the machine, the remote replacement sequence of the blankets, the potential list of the required tools and transporter and the conceptual design of some of the main tools are presented and discussed in this article
Su due Histamena di Basilio II e Costantino VIII conservati presso il Museo Archeologico “D. Ridola di Matera
No full textregno si assiste alla rarefazione dei nominali in valuta preziosa. L’argomento viene ripreso sulla base di due ulteriori rinvenimenti che provengono dal territorio materano, oggi conservati presso il Museo Archeologico “D. Ridola” di Matera. I due histamena aurei aggiungono consistenza al legame consolidato che la città di Matera ebbe con l’impero bizantino ancora nella prima metà del XII secolo.
This paper focus on the gold coinage under Basil II, during whose reign there was a rarefaction of denominations in precious currency. The topic is revisited on the basis of two further finds from the Matera area, now preserved at the ‘D. Ridola’ Archaeological Museum in Matera. The two gold histamena add consistency to the consolidated link that the city of Matera had with the Byzantine Empire still in the first half of the 12th century
Per una storia del ‘patrimonio’ in età moderna. Annotazioni sui provvedimenti di tutela emanati nel 1600 tra Nord e Sud Europa
No full textWhile it is generally accepted that the legal protection of heritage developed together with the refinement of codified law in Europe from the late 1700s, and especially the 1800s, the first regulations dedicated to the custody of antiquities were issued in the Papal States as early as the 1400s. Following this initial breakthrough, the idea of safeguarding heritage by law was accepted in a few other European states in the subsequent couple of centuries.
This essay evaluates the introduction of rules and prescriptions to protect “old worthy relics” in the Kingdom of Sweden, the Kingdom of Denmark, and the Grand Duchy of Tuscany in the 1600s, pursuing the innovations started in the Papal States. Legislation is observed from a legal and art-historical perspective in order to assess how cultural, political, and social factors influenced the establishment of pioneering systems for safeguarding heritage in these countries; in particular, the focus is on the rise of the idea of “State” in the Absolutist Age. Even though these regulations shared similar goals for the artefacts preservation, there were distinct differences in their legal constructions and related applications. The most substantial variation concerned the definitions of “antiquity” and “artwork” provided in legislation issued in each place
On the Stability of Graphene-Based Aqueous Dispersions and Their Performance in Cement Mortar
No full textCement composites containing different carbon nanomaterials, namely graphene
technical grade, graphene super grade, and graphene oxide, up to 1.0% by weight of
cement, were prepared. Ultrasonic, chemical, and thermochemical treatments were applied
to improve the stability of the dispersions containing the graphene-based nanomaterials.
Their exfoliation was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, and the stability of the dispersions
was quantitatively investigated by means of the static multiple light scattering (SMLS)
technique. The sonication process enhanced the intensity of the 2D band of graphene technical
grade, suggesting a partial degree of exfoliation, while the hydrothermal treatment
with sodium cholate significantly promoted the stability of its dispersion. The effect of the
addition of selected graphene-based nanomaterials in mortars was evaluated in terms of
fresh state properties, mechanical strength, capillary water absorption, and pore size distribution.
Workability decreased with the increase in the amount of carbon nanomaterials.
Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was also employed to characterize
the microstructure of pristine graphene-based nanomaterials and their inclusion within
the cement matrix. Our results suggest that mechanical properties are only moderately
affected by the inclusion of all additives, whereas the introduction of graphene significantly
influences the coefficient of capillary water absorption. Specifically, a reduction of about
20% in the capillary water absorption coefficient was observed at the concentration of
1.0 wt% of graphene technical grade, which is ascribed to a refinement of the porosity
Tractatus de balneis Senensibus, Pisanis, Lucanis, Viterbiensibus, Romanis et Neapolitanis
No full textIl Tractatus de balneis Senensibus, Pisanis, Lucanis, Viterbiensibus, Romanis et Neapolitanis di Francesco Casini da Siena († post 1415), dedicato a Gian Galeazzo Visconti, descrive circa sessanta bagni dell’Italia centro-meridionale, soprattutto in Toscana, Lazio e Campania. Integrando esperienze personali e fonti autorevoli, l’opera ha valore medico e politico, promuovendo le terme anche come risorsa pubblica da tutelare