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ER stress and/or ER-phagy in drug resistance? Three coincidences are proof
No full textCancer is influenced by the tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes factors such as pH, hypoxia, immune cells, and blood vessels. These factors affect cancer cell growth and behavior. The tumor microenvironment triggers adaptive responses such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, unfolded protein response (UPR), and autophagy, posing a challenge to cancer treatment. The UPR aims to restore ER homeostasis by involving key regulators inositol-requiring enzyme-1(IRE1), PKR-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Additionally, ER-phagy, a selective form of autophagy, eliminates ER components under stress conditions. Understanding the interplay between hypoxia, ER stress, UPR, and autophagy in the tumor microenvironment is crucial for developing effective cancer therapies to overcome drug resistance. Targeting the components of the UPR and modulating ER-phagy could potentially improve the efficacy of existing cancer therapies. Future research should define the conditions under which ER stress responses and ER-phagy act as pro-survival versus pro-death mechanisms and develop precise methods to quantify ER-phagic flux in tumor cells
Le ville tardoantiche nel territorio Bruttiorum: analisi delle reti insediative e loro trasformazioni
No full textSustainable rural landscapes of the late 20th Century: the Italian land reform villages in Basilicata between rediscovery and the valorisation of Inner Areas
No full textThe recognition of the historical and testimonial value of land reform settlements in Basilicata plays a crucial role today in envisioning potential strategies for the regeneration and functional reinvention of internal agricultural territories. This contribution aims to reinterpret several emblematic cases located in the mid-valley of the Bradano River in Basilicata region, areas characterized by long-standing abandonment and, more recently, by a renewed interest in sustainable development. The study adopts a multiscale methodological approach, spanning from district-level planning to architectural and settlement analysis. Investigating the existing built heritage serves as the foundation for outlining strategies of protection, recovery, and reuse in line with principles of environmental sustainability and in harmony with the original agricultural vocation of both the villages and the surrounding rural landscape. The systematic documentation of these modern-era agricultural settlements has been explored experimentally through the integration of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) tools and methods. Selected case studies include Santa Maria d’Irsi, Taccone, and La Martella are all located in the province of Matera. From on-site surveys to the creation of interoperable databases and digital models, the research investigates these rural colonization projects, assessing their current state of preservation and use. Based on these findings, the article proposes a set of actionable strategies aimed at urban and architectural regeneration, aligned with current territorial cohesion policies and the broader objective of revitalizing inner areas. Modern Rural Heritage, Environmental Sustainability, ICT, Inner areas, Territorial Cohesio
Start-up of an intermittent-aeration integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) - Oxic settling anaerobic (OSA) biological system coupling shortcut simultaneous nitrification-denitrification to near-zero sludge generation
No full textThe growing need to upgrade wastewater treatment plants to meet environmental standards is compounded by the rising production of sludge. This situation demands the development of innovative, easily applicable, and low-cost biosystems. The present study describes the start-up of an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) system coupled with an oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) cycle, designed to achieve shortcut simultaneous nitrification-denitrification (SND) while minimizing sludge production. Shortcut SND was established already during the cultivation phase via effective inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Effluent COD concentrations remained consistently below 30 mg/L, with total nitrogen (TN) removal reaching up to 75 %. The observed sludge yield (Yobs) was 0.166 ± 0.049 gTSS/gCOD, significantly lower than conventional activated sludge systems (∼ 0.5 gTSS/gCOD). Up to 63 % P-PO43- removal was achieved at an HRT of 1 day, DO range of 0.2–2.3, and COD/TN of 12.2. These findings show a promising potential of the IFAS-OSA system for combined C, N, and P removal coupled to near-zero sludge production, providing a new compact solution to enhance the sustainability of wastewater treatment. Each stage of the IFAS-OSA start-up process is described accurately in terms of reactor performances, operational challenges, and possible remedial actions. Guidelines and recommendations are provided to support researchers and WWTP operators through the implementation and upscaling of the integrated system
Apprendimento linguistico in età prescolare. La ricerca sulle buone pratiche del progetto Erasmus ALTA
No full textThe medieval origins of the city of Matera
No full textThe urban centre of Matera, along with its surroundings, is an extraordi-
nary example of settlement stratifications. These settlements trace their origins to antiquity and are a consequence of the unique morpholog y of the area. This paper analyses the city’s role as an urban centre based on the most recent historical and archaeological research,which has attributed the town’s origin to the early medieval period
Conventional brewer's yeast: Saccharomyces
No full textThe Saccharomyces yeasts play a pivotal role in the definition of beer characteristics being the main responsible of the metabolization of wort components, with production of compounds affecting beer aroma and flavor. The first part of this chapter reviews the growth, physiology, and metabolism of Saccharomyces, with emphasis on specific characteristics related to the brewing process. The second part describes Saccharomyces species involved in brewing, in particular the two yeasts traditionally associated with beer production, which are ale and lager yeasts. Furthermore, it is reported a description of unconventional Saccharomyces species playing a role in brewing process, with emphasis on the potentiality of the new yeasts to satisfy the demand of craft beer producers to create special and innovative beers. The last part deals with the aspects related to the handling of Saccharomyces starters in brewing, in particular to the advantages and limitations of using yeast recycle (repitching of yeast)
The role of the DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) gene family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) organ development and response to drought stress
No full textProtein hydrolysates derived from residual after polysaccharide extraction of Chlorella vulgaris biomass improves yield and quality of baby leaf lettuce
No full textThe world is facing new challenges related to climate change and agriculture and is called to ensuring
higher crop yield and quality following the concept of food safety, security and efficient resource
use. One of the possible strategies could be the valorisation of agro-industrial by-products for the
production of biostimulants. The aim of the present work was to assess the action of different
protein hydrolysates (PHs) derived by residues of Chlorella vulgaris biomass as biostimulant on
lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), monitoring the agronomic, physiological and qualitative traits, from seed
germination to the harvest. The application of biostimulants derived by PHs had interesting results
on lettuce, highlighting several positive effects on the investigated parameters. Additionally, the
metabolite profiles of baby leaf lettuce were investigated. In particular, was recorded an improvement
of the qualitative traits, as flavonoids and anthocyanins contents, and physiological parameters
such as the reduction of stomatal conductance. Our results demonstrated that plants treated
with PHs obtained through trypsin-induced hydrolysis of Chlorella vulgaris biomass (TPH-1000)
exhibited the highest content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity compared to those
treated with water alone or with a commercial biostimulant. Additionally, plants treated with pepsin
protein hydrolysates (PPH-1000) showed significant improvements in agronomic, physiological, and
qualitative performance. These results suggest that biostimulants derived from agro-industrial byproducts
represent a promising and resource-efficient approach to support agricultural productivity
and food quality in the context of climate change and the need for more sustainable practices