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Nutrient requirements and feeding management for ostrich during breeding and production: A comprehensive review
No full textOstrich farming has emerged as a significant contributor to the livestock industry, driven by the high value of its meat, hides, feathers, and oil in international markets. With an average egg production of 40 eggs per season and yielding 58.59% carcass on live weight, ostriches offer substantial economic benefits. The nutritional needs of ostriches evolve across different life stages, impacting growth and reproductive performance. As herbivores capable of digesting high-fiber diets, ostriches thrive on roughage and pasture, with a digestive system similar to other poultry. Essential nutrients, including 20-24% crude protein (CP) and 12-19% crude fiber, are critical for optimal development, particularly in early growth, where their feed conversion ratio is 2:1. As ostriches reach sexual maturity, maintaining a diet rich in amino acids, vitamins, and carbohydrates becomes vital for optimizing fertility and reproductive performance. This review provides a detailed overview of ostrich nutrient requirements across different growth stages, focusing on how energy and protein levels affect overall growth and productivity. It also explores the importance of feeding management practices in enhancing ostrich health and performance, offering insights for improving commercial ostrich farming
Il coinvolgimento degli enti del terzo settore nella progettazione di politiche sociali: il caso del PN inclusione e lotta alla povertà 2021-27
No full textIl progetto Smart-Water-Shell: Sviluppo di un sistema modulare di monitoraggio in tempo reale per la sostenibilità della molluschicoltura costiera
No full textProgesterone modulates hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal states in amniotic epithelial cells to enhance regeneration and immune modulation
No full textIl provvedimento di archiviazione come cripto-condanna: quali rimedi a seguito dell’introduzione dell’art. 115-bis c.p.p.?
No full textA CLINICAL EVALUATION OF TWO DIFFERENT VOLUMES OF EPIDURAL ANAESTHESIA IN CALVES UNDERGOING CASTRATION
No full textWaste from oil industry: a possible beneficial resource
No full textIt’s common to buy olive oil from Italy, being one of the largest producers. On the other hand, these industries generate a large number of residues, which require a significant amount of energy to be wasted. The benefits of olive oil are widely known, which is why it was thought that even waste could contain bioactive compounds. Based on type of industry, olive oil could be obtained through two-, two and half and three phases extraction procedure, obtaining olive oil, solid waste and olive pomace and, sometimes, wastewater and solid suspension. Starting from two and half waste products (the middle of three considered producers), a green extraction method was validated with Design of Experiment protocol. The analysis was conducted with a common instrumentation such as HPLC-PDA, through a method which permits to separate more than twenty analytes, specifically polyphenols [1, 2]. Firstly, type of extraction method was evaluated, between solid- liquid extraction and ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE). Once UAE was chosen, various parameters were optimized such as solid: liquid ratio, type of solvents, time, and temperature. The application of the optimized protocol to the others waste products has shown excellent results in terms of yield. The extracted products were additionally subjected to biological tests to evaluate antioxidant activity. Based on this approach, Green Chemistry and bioeconomy are matching, showing that many scientific fields could be “greener”. This study opens the possibility to re-use waste products from olive industry, useful in many fields, for example in cosmetic products, being natural compounds very attractive for people and industry both
Further evidence of the host plasticity of porcine circovirus-2: detection of the virus in domestic dogs in Namibia
No full textPorcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) is a major pathogen of swine, causing significant production losses in the pig industry worldwide. Several studies have detected the virus in different species, both in asymptomatic and diseased subjects, highlighting PCV-2 host plasticity. As PCV-2 has been identified in carnivores, the present study was undertaken to investigate the susceptibility of domestic dogs to PCV-2 infection by testing archived blood samples originating from low-income rural areas in Namibia. The population was selected considering the high exposure probability to PCV-2 due to direct contact and/or feeding with raw pig meat or by-products. Thirty-eight of the samples (6.61%) tested positive for PCV-2, and the complete ORF2 of 7 strains was sequenced, revealing the presence of the three major PCV-2 genotypes (i.e. PCV-2a, -2b, and -2d). Convincing epidemiological links with other Namibian and South African strains were established for PCV-2a and PCV-2b strains, while the PCV-2d strains were part of a broader clade that included sequences of viruses collected worldwide, especially in Asia. Although PCV-2 was reported in diseased dogs, no statistically significant or robust causal association between infection and disease manifestation was demonstrated. In conclusion, PCV-2 infection has been identified in Namibian dogs, most likely due to the ingestion of contaminated meat and by-products. However, the epidemiological and clinical consequences are still unclear and further investigations are necessary. Nevertheless, the high proportion of infected dogs showing clinical signs raises concern about the potential of PCV-2's role as a relevant viral pathogen in Namibia. The use of raw meat for dog nutrition should be discouraged, considering the known risks to animal and human health through disease transmission
On the trail of bottlenose dolphins: active and passive eDNA monitoring give insights into metacommunity ecology in Southwest Ireland
No full textEnvironmental DNA (eDNA) is a cutting-edge and cost-effective tool for biodiversity monitoring. This study integrated eDNA analysis with photo-ID surveys of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) off the southwest of Ireland (Kilrush to Dingle) to evaluate protocols and explore marine mammals and fish co-occurrence. Seawater samples were collected aboard RV Celtic Mist in May 2024 during the Shannon Dolphin Project monitoring program (SDP). Upon sighting dolphins or other species of interest, 5L of surface water was filtered (0.45 μm) in triplicate, and a passive sampler (“metaprobe”, Maiello et al., 2023) was deployed. The DNA extracted from filters and metaprobes with DNeasy Blood&Tissue and Powerwater kits (Qiagen) were pooled, and the DNA library was prepared by amplifying with primers targeting the 12s rRNA gene for fish (tele02, MiFish) and marine mammals (MarVer1) (Taberlet et al., 2018; Miya et al., 2015; Valsecchi et al., 2019). Sequencing was conducted on Illumina Next2000 (600 cycles), and data were analyzed with Vsearch. T. truncatus was detected with tele02 primer confirming the 12 sightings (10/12 filters, and all metaprobes). Unexpectedly, during the sighting of four common dolphins (Delphinus delphis), only T. truncatus was detected (filter RRA 10.29%, metaprobe RRA 3.84%), suggesting a potential species assignment mismatch. In the case of three basking sharks (Cetorhinus maximus), DNA was detected only via metaprobe (RRA 0.16%), highlighting its potential as an alternative to traditional filtering. Surprisingly, the tele02 outperformed MiFish and MarVer1 in detecting fish (Sardina pilchardus and Scomber scombrus in 50% of the sightings) and marine mammals. This study confirms the reliability of our eDNA protocols in natural conditions. The data could also provide insights into local metacommunity ecology and interspecific interactions, which remain poorly explored in the area