Parthenope University of Naples
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The Integration of AI, Blockchain and IoT for the Sustainable Development of the Logistics Service Industry: Insights From a PRISMA-Based Analysis
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Regional industrial competitiveness: tales of success and failures from European regions
No full textIn the aftermath of the Great Recession, European economies have recognised the relevance of industrial sector competitiveness and have taken a wide set of actions to increase it. In this view, the European Commission has introduced a wide set of instruments to relaunch industrial sector competitiveness. Among others, incen-tive zones present several features which might allow them to become booster of regional competitiveness, by generating spillover effects able to shape the environ-ment where industrial firms operate. Based on these premises, the research aims at assessing if the establishment of incentive zones acts as a booster of regional indus-trial competitiveness and which contextual factors allow to enhance it. First, we con-struct a novel metric of regional industrial competitiveness and, subsequently, by using econometric techniques, we evaluate the effectiveness of different typologies of incentive zones in promoting regional industrial competitiveness. The diversifica-tion among the different typologies ofzones allows to evaluate the effectiveness of each. These results, interpreted together with the contextual factors of the regions in which they are localised, allow to provide useful suggestions to policymakers willing to implement regional industrial policies, by informing them on both the strengths and weakness of these instruments realised in specific regions
Exploiting Blockchain Technology for Enhancing Digital Twins’ Security and Transparency
No full textBlockchain technology has been applied in a wide range of domains and has seen major developments in the last years, notably when integrated with other emerging technologies. In this paper, we focus on the integration of blockchain and digital twins with the aim of enhancing the capabilities of both technologies. In particular, we demonstrate how blockchain can improve critical aspects of the security and transparency of digital twins by analyzing a real-world scenario and evaluating produced experimental data. This research identifies and addresses critical vulnerabilities in digital twins, particularly data integrity and transparency, through blockchain-based validation mechanisms and smart-contract integration. Various blockchain-related and digital twin-related technologies are employed to enable the repeatability of the suggested approach. Additionally, an in-depth analysis of such integration is provided to facilitate a symbiotic relationship between these technologies by addressing key challenges, such as scalability, interoperability, and performance, along with viable solutions that could advance their co-evolution in both academic research and industrial applications
Electron Radiation Impact on Long Period Gratings in Different Optical Fibers
No full textWe report for the first time on the effects of electron radiation on the spectral properties of long period grating (LPG) sensors fabricated in various commercially available single-mode silica optical fibers, namely standard SMF28, a B/Ge co-doped fiber, a pure-silica core fiber, and a P-doped fiber. These LPGs were exposed to a 5.5 MeV e-beam with a dose rate of 6 kGy/min and a total accumulated dose of 192 kGy. The impact is discussed in terms of the real-time resonance wavelength shift, depending on the fiber type. To better understand the benefits and limits of utilizing this technology in specific applications, we also investigated the long-term recovery of the devices following exposure, with intermediate evaluations at 21 hours, 8 days, 6 months, and 12 months after irradiation is finished. The main findings are that LPG in B/Ge co-doped fiber is responding up to 192 kGy, with a resonance wavelength shift exceeding 35 nm and no evidence of saturation. Additionally, we demonstrated its long-term data storage potential, showing a 45% recovery toward initial values after post-irradiation stabilization. On the contrary, pure-silica core fiber maintains radiation-hardening properties against electrons. This study is the first to test the limitations of LPGs fabricated in both sensitive and radiation-hardened optical fibers, subjected to high dose rates, with a focus on both the temporary and permanent electron induced effects
Comparison between a direct and a regularized method for brittle crack path modeling
No full textWe present a comparison between a global energy approach à la Griffith and a regularized model named graded damage for the simulation of brittle and quasi-brittle fracture. In the Griffith-like approach the crack propagation criterion stems from stationarity of the total free energy resulting from the sum of the bulk elastic energy and the surface energy required for crack advancement. On the other side, in graded damage the material degradation takes place in layers of finite thickness where the transition between the sound material and the completely damaged one occurs. A numerical example that refers to a typical benchmark problem is presented that allows showing the features of the two approaches and their ability to reproduce experimental results as well
Mapping the Nexus: A Bibliometric Analysis and Social Network Analysis of Transformative Innovation Policies and Sustainable Development Goals
No full textThe pursuit of sustainable development has become a critical global objective, especially in light of increasing global challenges.The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), established in 2015, aim to address poverty, protect the environ-ment, and ensure prosperity for all. Transformative innovation policies (TIPs) are emerging as vital strategies in achieving thesegoals by fostering systemic change rather than incremental improvements. TIPs are distinct because they seek to instigate pro-found transformations in sectors, societies, and economies, focusing on collaboration among diverse stakeholders. This manu-script aims to provide a comprehensive literature review and social network analysis to understand and highlights the interplaybetween TIPs and SDGs and elucidate business and management roles in advancing this global agenda. By analyzing existingresearch and visualizing the relationships within the literature, this study highlights the significant role of TIPs in advancingSDGs. The findings emphasize the necessity of innovative, inclusive, and purpose-driven approaches to reshape society towardsustainable and equitable development
Historical snow measurements in the central and southern Apennine Mountains: climatology, variability, and trend
No full textThis work presents an analysis of historical snow precipitation data collected in the period 1951–2001 in central and southern Apennines (Italy), an area scarcely investigated so far. To pursue this aim, we used the monthly observations of the snow cover duration, number of days with snowfall and total height of new snow collected at 129 stations located between 288 and 1750 m above sea level. Such data have been manually digitised from the Hydrological Yearbooks of the Italian National Hydrological and Mareographic Service. The available dataset has been primarily analysed to build a reference climatology (related to the 1971–2000 period) for the considered Apennine region. More specifically, using a methodology based on principal component analysis and k-means clustering, we have identified different modes of spatial variability, mainly depending on the elevation, which reflect different climatic zones. Subsequently, focusing on the number of days with snowfall and snow cover duration on the ground, we have carried out a linear trend analysis, employing the Theil–Sen estimator and the Mann–Kendall test. An overall negative tendency has been found for both variables. For clusters including only stations above 1000 m above the sea level, a significant (at 90 % or 95 % confidence levels) decreasing trend has been found in the winter season (i.e. from December to February), with −3.2 [−6.0 to 0.0] d per 10 years for snow cover duration and −1.6 [−2.5 to −0.6] d per 10 years for number of days with snowfall. Moreover, in all considered seasons, a clear and direct relationship between the trend magnitude and elevation has emerged. In addition, using a cross-wavelet analysis, we found a close in-phase linkage on a decadal timescale between the investigated snow indicators and the Eastern Mediterranean teleconnection Pattern. For both snow cover duration and number of days with snowfall, such connection appears to be more relevant in the full (i.e. from November to April) and in the late (i.e. from February to April) seasons
