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Cryptoactifs et lutte contre le blanchiment d'argent : étude en droit suisse
No full textLa politique de lutte contre le blanchiment d'argent se concentre sur la surveillance des transactions financières pour détecter les flux illicites, avec la Loi fédérale sur le blanchiment d'argent (LBA) et l'article 305bis du Code pénal (CP) en Suisse comme bases. L'émergence des cryptoactifs, comme le Bitcoin en 2009, remettent en question ces mécanismes en raison de leur nature décentralisée, anonyme et indépendante des institutions financières traditionnelles. Cette thèse analyse l'impact des cryptoactifs sur la lutte contre le blanchiment d'argent en Suisse, en explorant leur rôle dans les crimes financiers, leur réglementation et en proposant des pistes pour l'évolution des politiques publiques face à cette technologie.</p
The Role Of Oxygen Octahedra Connectivity In Orthorhombic Perovskite Heterostructures
No full textThis thesis investigates the connectivity of oxygen octahedra in epitaxial heterostructures, showing that their rotational amplitude in thin films can be tuned over a range from a few unit cells to several nanometers by balancing epitaxial strain and octahedral connectivity. Focusing on LaVO₃/DyScO₃, we demonstrate that adjusting growth conditions alters the effective strain on LaVO₃ films. Under compressive strain, both misfit strain and connectivity favor the [110] orientation, while under tensile strain, they compete. Beyond a critical thickness, strain dominates, inducing a shift in preferred orientation to [001], necessitating a structural switching plane. In LaVO₃/(110)GdScO₃, larger tensile strain requires stricter growth control to maintain high crystallinity and avoid defect-related relaxation. Lastly, we explore SrRuO₃/DyScO₃ to tune ferromagnetism via crystal orientation. SrRuO₃ adopts a different orthorhombic symmetry, resolving the strain-connectivity conflict without switching plane; magnetization remains in-plane, with no significant change in magnetic properties detected
Clinical efficacy of root canal treatment at 2 years using a new ready-to-use injectable calcium silicate-based sealer : A multicentric randomised controlled trial
No full textAim: Calcium silicate-based sealers (CSSs) have gained popularity in endodontic applications primarily due to their biological properties and ease of use. This study aimed to assess the 24-month efficacy and safety of root canal treatment using a new injectable CSS, BioRoot™ Flow, and to demonstrate the non-inferiority compared to the established hand-mixed BioRoot™ RCS.
Methodology: This was a multicentric, prospective, randomised, assessor-blinded, controlled, non-inferiority trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04757753). Patients requiring a primary or a secondary root canal treatment on a single or multi-rooted tooth were block randomly assigned to BioRoot Flow or BioRoot RCS groups. The primary outcome was the 24-month success rate based on clinical and radiological criteria. Secondary outcomes included the 6- and 12-month success rates based on similar radiological and clinical criteria, quality of obturation, resorption of extruded material in case of overfilling assessed at 6, 12 and 24 months, post-operative pain measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 7 days, and occurrence of adverse events. A subgroup analysis was also performed based on the type of treatment and on the presence or absence of apical periodontitis (AP) at baseline. Non-inferiority between materials was assessed using Dunnett and Gent's Chi-squared (χ2 ) test, based on an initial hypothesis with a non-inferiority margin set at 13%, an 80% power and a 5% one-sided alpha risk. Investigators and patients were not blinded to the assigned medical device. Two qualified evaluators performed a blinded independent central review of the retro-alveolar radiographs.
Results: A total of 160 patients with a mean age of 48 years were treated (77 in BioRoot Flow and 83 in BioRoot RCS). The 24-month follow-up rate was 85.6%. The overall 24-month success rates were 86.6% and 87.7% (p = .0195), respectively. No significant differences were observed between the groups regarding any of the considered secondary outcomes. No adverse events were reported.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated the non-inferiority of the new injectable CSS (BioRoot Flow) compared to the previous hand-mixed version (BioRoot RCS) in terms of efficacy and safety, supporting the implementation of the new material in clinical practice.</p
<i>Sed istud non capio</i> : Scotistic answer to a Thomistic problem : Scotism and the Eucharist in the seventeenth century
No full textGeothermal imaging and seismic monitoring across scales using seismic ambient noise
No full textThis thesis advances the understanding of the high-enthalpy geothermal system of the Domo de San Pedro (DSP) volcanic complex in western Mexico. Located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, DSP has been exploited for power generation since 2015. The study focuses on improving the conceptual model of DSP by identifying fluid-rich permeable zones within the geothermal reservoir and analyzing its seismic behavior in response to geothermal operations. Additionally, it explores precursory signals of large earthquakes in strike-slip fault systems using seismic ambient noise interferometry.
A dedicated broadband seismic network of 20 stations recorded continuous data from March 2021 to January 2022. Ambient noise seismology techniques were employed to retrieve surface waves sensitive to fluid presence, enabling the investigation of DSP’s subsurface structure. The new 3-D shear-wave velocity model, derived from Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT), resolves features down to 3.5 km depth, revealing a low-velocity region interpreted as the geothermal reservoir and a fractured, fluid-rich zone extending westward, suggesting potential for geothermal expansion.
Geothermal activity monitoring at DSP involved computing apparent velocity variations (dv/v) from ambient noise interferometry in the 0.1–1.5 Hz frequency band. These variations were compared with records of geothermal operations, revealing how fluid extraction and reinjection affect the seismic wavefield. Maps of dv/v were generated using noise-based imaging techniques, and a catalog of 217 local earthquakes was compiled and refined using a 1-D velocity model. Three distinct seismic activity periods along with seismic velocity transients were linked to changes in fluid reinjection and production rates and are attributed to pore pressure fluctuations.
Beyond ambient noise, the thesis also examines human-made tremor-like signals at DSP, similar to those found in volcanic and tectonic settings. These signals, occurring at 1–22 Hz with durations from hours to months, were tied to geothermal operations such as fluid extraction, wellbore maintenance, and pressure changes. Using a novel implementation of a network coherence method from volcanology, four distinct tremor families were classified and correlated with operational records, leading to conceptual models explaining their origins.
At a broader scale, the study investigates precursory signals of large earthquakes in regional strike-slip fault systems using seismic interferometry. Analysis of public datasets from seismic stations near major faults in California, Türkiye, and the Aegean Sea shows a consistent decrease in waveform coherence (up to 20%) several days before recent M > 6.5 earthquakes. This waveform decoherence is interpreted as a response to mechanical changes in the propagation medium, highlighting the potential of noise-based monitoring to complement existing seismic surveillance systems.
The concluding chapter remarks the significance of these findings for geothermal monitoring and broader seismological applications. The study establishes a framework for using seismic ambient noise to track geothermal field responses to industrial operations while also demonstrating its potential in detecting precursory signals of large earthquakes. These insights contribute to both geothermal resource management and seismic hazard assessment.</p
Faux positif lié à une macrotroponinémie élevée
No full textLe dosage des sous-unités I et T des isoformes cardiaques de troponines est le gold-standard biochimique de la détection de la souffrance myocardique. L’avènement des mesures dites hautement sensibles a optimisé le diagnostic des syndromes coronariens aigus au prix d’une complexification de la démarche diagnostique et d’une sensibilité accrue aux interférences analytiques. Cet article présente un cas de macrotroponinémie, caractérisé par des immunocomplexes IgG-troponine T circulants, afin de sensibiliser les prescripteurs à l’interprétation critique des valeurs élevées et persistantes de troponines cardiaques (cTn).The determination of I and T subunits of cardiac troponin isoforms are the biochemical gold standard for the detection of myocardial distress. The advent of so-called highly sensitive measurements has optimized the diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes at the cost of making the diagnostic approach more complex and increasing sensitivity to analytical interference. This article presents a case of macrotroponinemia, characterized by circulating IgG-troponin T immunocomplexes, in order to raise prescribers' awareness of the critical interpretation of high and persistent cardiac troponin values
Nutrition-obésité. Nouveau programme ciblant les enjeux comportementaux de la perte de poids à l’aide de la chirurgie
No full textPour perdre du poids en situation d’obésité, la chirurgie bariatrique est un traitement efficace améliorant la santé métabolique sous réserve de changements comportementaux. Opter pour ce choix thérapeutique représente un véritable travail sur l’engagement des patients qui s’inscrit en complément de la consultation informative de chirurgie bariatrique. En effet, quel praticien n’a-t-il pas été confronté à l’impasse d’une demande urgente par des patients en souffrance surinvestissant cette intervention ? L’éducation thérapeutique du patient offre l’opportunité de travailler avec les patients à leur statut d’acteur engagé au travers d’un nouveau programme éducatif ambulatoire. L’augmentation du sentiment d’auto-efficacité et le conflit sociocognitif sont des ingrédients qui permettent aux patients en réflexion d’investir les changements à long terme.Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment to improve metabolic health as long as behavioural changes are made. Opting for this therapeutic choice represents a real commitment on the part of patients which is complementary to the informative bariatric surgery consultation. After all, what practitioner has not been confronted with an urgent request from patients suffering from obesity who are over-investing in this operation? Therapeutic Patient Education offers the opportunity to work with patients to develop their status as committed actors through a new outpatient educational program. Increased feelings of self-efficacy and socio-cognitive conflict are ingredients that allow patients to invest in long-term changes
Interventions précoces pour la régulation émotionnelle à l’adolescence
No full textL’adolescence constitue une période vulnérable pour la santé mentale. Poser un diagnostic précis durant cette période n’est pas aisé car les jeunes peuvent présenter des formes atténuées de pathologies psychiatriques, ou, au contraire, une combinaison de plusieurs types de difficultés. Adopter une approche transdiagnostique et dimensionnelle, en fonction de stades cliniques, et ainsi proposer des interventions adaptées à la sévérité des symptômes est pertinent. La dysrégulation émotionnelle étant au cœur de nombreuses pathologies, elle est une cible de premier choix pour des interventions précoces. Bien que les interventions pour les adolescents soient encore peu développées, certaines approches issues des thérapies cognitivo-comportementales et du courant psychodynamique ont été adaptées pour les adolescents et semblent prometteuses.Adolescence is a vulnerable period for mental health. It is not easy to make a precise diagnosis during this period, as young people may present attenuated forms of psychiatric pathology, or on the contrary, a combination of several types of difficulties. Adopting a transdiagnostic and dimensional approach, based on clinical stages, and thus proposing interventions adapted to the severity of symptoms, is pertinent. As emotional dysregulation lies at the heart of many pathologies, it is a prime target for early intervention. Although interventions for adolescents are still underdeveloped, certain approaches derived from cognitive-behavioral therapies and the psychodynamic current have been adapted for adolescents and appear promising