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Mise à jour des vaccins chez les personnes âgées
No full textThe number of elderly people is constantly increasing in Switzerland. This population is often at higher risk of infections and concomitant decompensation of underlying comorbidities, in particular cardiac or respiratory diseases. Vaccines are some of the most effective preventive measures for limiting morbidity and mortality related to some of those infections, such as influenza or shingles. In order to improve vaccination coverage, it is essential to inform the patients of the benefits of vaccination, and to plan a catch-up vaccination consultation. The goal of this article is to offer a practical guide for the general practitioner detailing vaccines for the elderly recommended in Switzerland.Le nombre de personnes âgées est en constante augmentation en Suisse. Celles-ci sont souvent plus à risque de présenter des infections et de façon concomitante une décompensation de leurs comorbidités, notamment cardiaques et respiratoires. La vaccination est l’une des mesures préventives efficaces pour limiter la morbimortalité associée à certaines de ces infections, comme la grippe ou le zona. Afin d’améliorer la couverture vaccinale, il est primordial d’informer les patients sur les bénéfices de la vaccination et de prévoir une consultation dédiée à une mise à jour vaccinale. Le but de cet article est d’offrir un guide pratique pour le médecin de famille sur les différents vaccins recommandés chez la personne âgée
De la mer aux livres : redéfinition libertine du pouvoir de la rémore
No full textCet article montre la façon dont La Mothe Le Vayer, Sorel et Cyrano traitent le cas de la rémore, petit poisson auquel on attribuait le pouvoir d'arrêter les navires. Alors qu'au xvie siècle, quelques rares savants confèrent à la rémore un rôle effectif dans ces immobilisations navales, ces esprits forts nient le phénomène dans son ensemble, à la fois sur un plan scientifique et historique. Loin d'être un simple geste de destruction d'un savoir superstitieux, le rejet de cette propriété prodigieuse s'accompagne d'une réflexion sur les pouvoirs de la fiction : si la vertu occulte qu'exercerait la rémore sur les navires est fortement contestée, le petit poisson dispose toujours d'un pouvoir de fabulation, au point de symboliser la fascination délétère exercée par l'affabulation scientifique
Food waste management based on the principles of circular economy
No full textThis study examines the issue of food loss and waste (FLW) management in the context of the waste hierarchy and the circular economy, and in particular its relevance to Geneva Canton in Switzerland. The study argues that in order to achieve an efficient FLW management system the issue needs to be addressed in a holistic and systemic manner, based on a strong theoretical foundation that includes the development of a harmonised FLW definition, reliable and comparable data collection mechanisms (which require consistent measurement methodology), and sound, appropriate institutions at all levels. In particular, it considers the circular economy concept as a way of aligning a simple reproduction cycle with an extended reproduction cycle of economic development, in this context vis-a-vis the efficient utilisation of resources and valorisation of waste. The study examines the application of the circular economy principles along the entire food supply chain in the context of waste hierarchy steps. In this regard a new term of food loss and waste chain is introduced to reflect a longer life cycle of FLW compared to the life cycle of food per se. The existing FLW terminology is critically reviewed and clarified, concluding that existing definitions do not yet provide a sufficient basis for an efficient FLW management system. The study also examines current FLW measurement methodologies, and key indicators that allow FLW quantification, from different angles, such as statistic, economic and nutrition. It also proposes two new FLW indicators to improve data comparability. However, the study argues that since data are lacking to a large extent, FLW measurement is challenging, including with respect to Geneva Canton. The study also discusses the importance of rigorous institutions, both formal and informal, and provides a thorough analysis of existing institutions and practices in the area of FLW management in Geneva Canton, as part of the Swiss Confederation, through the prism of waste hierarchy and circular economy principles. Finally, a Circular FLW Framework is put forward by the author based on the research conducted and its findings, as applied to Geneva Canton, with a view to developing a long-term strategy and action plan for efficient and effective management of the FLW in the Canton
Multi-neighborhood local searches for industrial problems in production, transportation and distribution
No full textThis thesis proposes multiple-neighborhoods local search methods to solve industrial problems, from various fields such as production, transportation, and distribution. The three chapters present three different projects, each executed in collaboration with an international company. The first project is a car wire-harness design problem, for a European manufacturer. The second project regards aircraft landing planning, while accounting for cruise uncertainties, and was carried out with Eurocontrol. The third project proposes an integrated approach to handle a supply chain of a fast-moving-consumer-goods company. Each of the three problems is first mathematically formulated, and then relevant solution methods are presented and compared. All of them have been submitted to international journals
