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Species-specific impacts of fibrous microplastics on behavior, survival and oxidative stress in freshwater zooplankton
No full textFibrous microplastics (MPs) pose a growing threat to zooplankton through ingestion, entanglement, and physical interference. However, species-specific interactions with MPs remain understudied, particularly in relation to zooplankton morphology, size, and locomotory traits. This study investigates the contrasting responses of the segmented Thamnocephalus platyurus and the smooth-bodied Brachionus calyciflorus. Both species were exposed to fibrous MPs at concentrations of 1, 10, 100 and 1000 items mL⁻1 . The endpoints assessed included physical entanglement, swimming speed, movement patterns, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and survival. In T. platyurus, higher concentrations of MPs resulted in physical entanglement at multiple appendages, disrupting locomotory dynamics, altering movement trajectories, and causing physical damage. Physical effects were accompanied by elevated ROS levels and a reduction in survival at higher concentrations. In contrast, B. calyciflorus did not exhibit visible entanglement or impaired locomotory dynamics, likely due to its morphology. However, ROS levels increased at the highest concentration, coinciding with reduced survival. While the segmented morphology of T. platyurus increased susceptibility to entanglement-related stress, B. calyciflorus remained vulnerable to oxidative stress, despite avoiding prolonged physical interaction. These results demonstrate that fibrous MPs induce species-specific sublethal and lethal effects depending on zooplankton morphology and behavior
Prise en charge du cancer du rectum localisé en 2024
No full textLa prise en charge du cancer du rectum localisé a beaucoup évolué ces deux dernières années. D’un côté, l’intensification des traitements (radio-chimiothérapie, chimiothérapie, puis chirurgie) pour les tumeurs les plus avancées a montré une amélioration des résultats cliniques par rapport aux traitements moins intenses. De l’autre côté, la possibilité, comme pour les cancers de la prostate, d’opter pour une surveillance active sans chirurgie chez les patients présentant une réponse clinique complète après une phase de traitement est aujourd’hui acceptée. Plus récemment, les recommandations suisses pour la surveillance du cancer du rectum ont été modifiées et se différencient maintenant de celles des cancers du côlon, en incorporant IRM pelvienne et rectoscopie en sus, de même qu’un suivi spécial pour les tumeurs en surveillance active.The management of localized rectal cancer has evolved significantly over the last two years. On one hand, intensification of treatments (radio-chemotherapy, chemotherapy, then surgery) for the most advanced tumors has shown an improvement in clinical results compared to less intense regiments. On the other hand, the possibility, as for prostate cancers, of opting for active surveillance without surgery in patients presenting a complete clinical response after a treatment phase, is now accepted. More recently, the Swiss recommendations for the surveillance of rectal cancer have been modified and now differ from those of colon cancers, by incorporating pelvic MRI and rectoscopy in addition, as well as special guidelines for tumors under active surveillance
Gastroparésie diabétique et diabète de type 1
No full textLa gastroparésie est une complication microvasculaire rare et tardive, mais conséquente, du diabète. Définie par un ralentissement de la vidange gastrique, cette pathologie se présente sous la forme de symptômes gastro-intestinaux aspécifiques incluant des nausées, des vomissements, des douleurs abdominales, une sensation de réplétion postprandiale et une satiété précoce. Face à une présentation clinique de ce type, il est souvent difficile de poser le diagnostic de gastroparésie. Dans cet article, nous évoquons donc les examens complémentaires permettant de poser le diagnostic, ainsi que les propositions thérapeutiques et la prise en charge de la maladie.Gastroparesis is a rare and late microvascular complication, but a significant one of diabetes. Defined by a slowing of gastric emptying, this condition manifests with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, postprandial fullness, and early satiety. Faced with such a clinical presentation, it is often challenging to diagnose gastroparesis. In this article, we discuss the diagnostic procedures, as well as therapeutic approaches and management of the disease
Échec et mat pour les bactéries pathogènes
No full textFin de partie pour les bactéries pathogènes résistant aux antibiotiques. Une étude, publiée en septembre 2023 dans la revue scientifique Cell, présente la découverte d’un nouvel antibiotique, la clovibactine, se distinguant des autres antibiotiques par son mécanisme d’action. Cette molécule cible un composant immuable et essentiel pour la bactérie, engendrant alors la mort de celle-ci.</p
Evolutionary history of coelacanth fishes (Sarcopterygii, Actinistia) based on new evidence from Triassic and Jurassic of Switzerland
No full textThe general aim of this thesis is to improve our knowledge of the evolutionary history of coelacanth (Actinistia), a group of sarcopterygian fishes considered to be the emblematic example of a "living fossil" due to their low morphological diversity. For such purpose, this work focuses on the descriptions of new coelacanth species, especially with aberrant morphology, and on a re-evaluation of the phylogeny of this group.
The main coelacanth species studied here come from the Middle Triassic of Switzerland. These latter species form a new, short and geographically confined clade of anatomically diverse taxa, restricted to the Western Tethys between 242 and 241 million years ago.
This new data show that, after a rapid morphological evolution, coelacanths have experienced several phases of diversification and bursts of morphological disparity, especially after the Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction, rather than a near stasis during their long evolutionary history of 420 million years.</p
Symptômes psychiatriques de la démence à corps de Lewy
No full textLa démence à corps de Lewy (DCL) est la deuxième pathologie neurodégénérative la plus fréquente après la maladie d’Alzheimer. Les fluctuations cognitives, hallucinations visuelles, signes parkinsoniens, et le trouble du comportement en sommeil paradoxal (TCSP) font partie des critères diagnostics. Cependant, la diversité des présentations cliniques rend le diagnostic et la prise en charge difficiles, la maladie pouvant débuter avec des manifestations psychiatriques, confusion, troubles du sommeil et/ou dysautonomiques. Sa progression entraîne souvent des troubles neuropsychiatriques et du comportement qui peuvent prédominer sur les troubles cognitifs. Diagnostiquer la DCL permet d’abord d’éviter l’iatrogénie (par ex. neuroleptiques) et de personnaliser la prise en charge cognitive et neuropsychiatrique, en tenant compte des comorbidités.Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease. Cognitive fluctuations, visual hallucinations, parkinsonian signs, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) are diagnostic criteria. However, the diverse clinical presentations complicate diagnosis and management, as the disease may begin with psychiatric symptoms, confusion, sleep disturbances, and/or autonomic dysfunction. Its progression often leads to neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms that can overshadow cognitive impairments. Diagnosing LBD is crucial to avoid first iatrogenic effects (e.g., neuroleptics), and then facilitate a personalized approach to address cognitive and neuropsychiatric management, while considering comorbidities
